Ireland in the seventeenth century, or, The Irish massacres of 1641-2 : their causes and results

lEELAND IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

OR

THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641-2.

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OWLL LIBRARY f) 1.-7

BOSTON COLLEGE

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CONTENTS

THE SECOND VOLUME.

DEPOSITION S-con(zm<ed

Massacre of Protestant Colonists at Suhvle — continued .

English Cattle tried in Court, and Allowed Benefit of
Clergy .......

Massacre of Protestant Colonists at Ardglass

,, at aohalon .....

The Murder of the Rev. Mr. Montgomery .

Deposition of Dean Bartley's Servant .

Massacre of Protestant Colonists at Silver Mines

,, AT CaSHEL .....

Murders of Children in Caulow . . . .

Massacre of Protestant Colonists near Kilkenny, and at
Ross .......

Desecration of Protestants' Graves in Kino's County

Massacres of Protestant Colonists in King's County .

Mangling of the Corpses of Protestants in Kilkenny

Deposition of Barnady Dunne, Esq., of Brittas

Desecration of Protestants' Graves in Kildare

Murder of Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson at Mountrath

Massacre of more than a Hundred Protestant Colonists in
the Church at Loughoall ....

Massacre of Protestant Colonists at Rathkeale

Deposition or Dame Barbara Brown, Ancestress of the Earl
or Kenmare ......

Mabsacre of Protestant Colonists in Clare

6-7
12
20
28
36
37
40
51

53-61
69
70

75-78
80
84
90

91
93-96

9§
99

VI

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

DErOSITIONS-coni/nwcfZ page

Deposition of Lady Harms, Widow of Sir Thomas Harris, and
Mother of Sir Edward Denny of Tralee Castlb

Massacre op Protestant Colonists at Killarney

SiEOE OF Trai-be Castlb . . . . .

Massacre of Protestant Colonists near Newmarket

,, near Maoroou .....

,, AT COOLE ......

,, AT CaPPOQUIN .....

The Case of Henry O'Neil of Glasdromin

EECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE .
Trial of Sir Puelim O'Neil ....

Trial of Lord Mobuerry .....
Case of Colonel MacSweeny ....
Trial of Vicar General Edmund O'Reilly .

List op Examinations takhn against Captain Santhy or Sankey

for Murder of an Irishman ....
Letter of Capt. Stopford on behalf op Lieut.-Gen. O'Farrel
List of Persons Tried in High Court and Verdicts .
Order of Cromwell respecting the Widow and Orphans oi'

TiRLOGH O'ByRNB . . .

Order op Fleetwood, Corbet and Jones on the Petition of
Daniel O'Haoan .....

Letters of Cromwell on behalf of James Barry and Tibbot
Roche .......

Letter Concerning Lord Muskerry and Col. Callaghan

Catholio Accounts of the Massacres at Silver Mines, Fethard
Cashel, and Shrule .....

APPENDIX

Examination of Dkrmot Ogk .....
Petition of Wexford Irish against Plantations
The Commissioners' Report on the Wexford Plantations
Project for tub Plantation of Longford .

Arguments of the Longford Irish against Plantations
Artioles and Conditions of the Longford Plantation

102
105
107-121
122
137
139
141
144

171

181
192
205
219

230
231
232

230

237

238
239

240

257
2G3
266

270
281
283

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. vii

AVrE^mX—continucd p^ou

MKMoniAL OF Grievances of thu Lonoford Irish . . . 293

The King's Irish Wards . . . . . . . 300

Letter of the Lords Justices on tub Plantations of Ely O'Carrol,

Leitrim, and the MaoCoghlan'b Country . . . 303

Selections from Documents Concernino Phklim O'Byrne . . 306

The Established Church in Ulster ..... 324

Discourse Concerning the Settlement of the Natives in Ulster 327

Letter of Lords Justices on the Irish Parliament and Army,

12th of May, 1641 . . . . . . . 332

Letter of Sir W. Parsons on Poynino's Act, 12th July, 1641 . 334

Irish Privy Council to Vane, 30th June, 1641 . . . 336

Parsons to Vane on Parliament and Graces, 8th August, 1641 . 339

Relation of the Plotting of the Rebellion dy Lord Maguire . 341

Relation of the Same by a Franciscan Friar . . , 355

Sir W. Cole to the Lords Justices, IItu Oct., 1041 . . . 359

The Lords Justices to the Lord Lieutenant, 25tii Oct., 1641 . 361

Examination of Owen O'Connolly . . . . . 367

Examination of Hugh MacMahon ..... 308

Declaration of Dean Kerr . . . . . . 370

Brodie's Note on the Royal Commission to Sir Phelim O'Neil . 373

Outbreak of the Rebellion in the County Cork from a Con-
temporary Anonymous MS. . . . . . .• 379

Outbreak of the Rebellion in Kerry from the MS. Autobio-
graphy OF the Rev. Dkvereux Spratt .... 384

ADDENDA :

Examination of Rev. George Creichtoun . . . . 388

Extracts from Cromwellian Council Books .... 397

Examination of Nicholas Simpson, M.P. . . . . 398

Letter of Dr. Ingram, F.T.C.D., on the O'Byrne Depositions in

THE College Library ...... 405

Note on Depositions and Fascimiles . . . . . 407

FACSIMII-E
7'o /ace par/e 141.

THE IRISH MASSACRES OE IGll.

DEPOSITIONS

(co}itinucd) .

CXVIII.

The Examination of James Lynch concerning the murders
committed at Shrule, taken Nov. 23rd, 1G52.

Saith, that on Friday night the convoy that was with the Engliah
lay with them at one Bourke's of Kinlough's, within a mile of
Shrule, and the next day towards evening came to Shrule the Lord
of Mayo and his son, then Sir Theobald Bourke, now Lord of Mayo,
being with them ; the said Lord of Mayo then demanded the castle
of Shrule from this examt.'s brother, Pierse Lynch, who answered
that one of the Lord Clanricarde's houses being already surprised,
he would let none into the castle without the said Lord Clanricarde's
orders, upon which answer the said Lord of Mayo, with the English
and their convoy, went to one Eobert Lambert's house in the town
of Shrule {illegible) the castle side of the bridge, and there lay that
night, and the next morning a brother of this examt.'s, William
Jjynch, beuag a friar, went forth of the castle in his liabit, but this
examt. nor any of those in the castle durst (not) stir forth, in regard
that they had denied the said Lord of Mayo entrance. And being
at dinner, a sentinel upon the top of the castle called to them and
told them of the murder. This examt. further saith, that Mr. Beu-
cannon's son was killed m the arms of his, this examt.'s, brother
William, but he luioweth not the murderers. After the murder was
committed this examt. observed the old Lord of Mayo with one
Henry Brinkhurst {sic) and two horsemen more whom he knows not
riding towards the church, where they halted, and within a quarter
of an hour after he saw the young Lord of Mayo ride from the
other side of the bridge and follow his father ; but where the said
young Lord was or what he did in the murder this deponent

VOL. II. B

2 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

kiioweth not. He likewise saw one Edmund Bourke of Cloughans
with a sword drawn, in whose company was one Kedagh Feinne
and his son, with two of the Clooneanodas [sic], one of whom told
him, this examt., the next morning, when he desired their assistance
in burying the corpses, that it was enough (trouble) for him to kill
them, and not to bury them. He likewise saw one Eichard Burke
{■illegible) Hugh 0' (illegible) living near Tobberkedagh, and one of his
sons, and he saw in the morning Major Browne, and Andrew Browne
his brother, but whether they went out of town before or after the
murder this examt. knoweth not. He likewise observed Ulick
Bourko and William Bourke his brother to be tlioro, James Mao
Eneas MacDonnell [torn) now at Castle Hacket, Hugh O'Duynane,
who, as this examt. heard, showed gold rings belonging to the English
(torn).

Note.

The rest of this examination is so torn or faded as to be quite
indecipherable ; but he was again examined on the 14th of April,
1653, and further said that * Eichard MacTibbot (Burke) of the
barony of Kilmaine was the person who murdered Mr. Gilbert,
when he was flying from Shrule to Cong, under the protection of
Friar William Lynch, his (the examt. 's) brother.' The friar made
the following deposition on the 28rd of April, 1658, from which it
would appear that Mr. Gilbert was not killed before he reached Cong.
This discrepancy in the evidence of two Catholic witnesses, brothers,
shows the extreme difficulty the Cromwellian Commissioners had
to contend with in their effoi'ts to ascertain the truth, and how
indefatigable and impartial those efforts were.

CXIX.

William Lynch Fitzpeter, of Galway, Franciscan friar, aged
forty years, being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelists, and examined,
deposeth that he, the said deponent, came into Shrewle to see his
father, then residing in the castle at Shrewle, the night before the
murder was committed, and that on the day the said murder was
committed, the said deponent, being a Franciscan friar, came out
of the said castle, when the murder was acting on the bridge of
Shrewle aforesaid, to shelter some of the British, and that one
Beuchannon's {sic) son was twice or thrice, at least, forcibly
taken out of this deponent's arms. And this deponent further
saith, that the murderers, whom this deponent, being a stranger.

DEPOSITIONS. 0

knew not, threatened to kill this deponent if he let not the son
of the said Buchannon go, and that the son of the said Buchannon
was forcibly taken out of this deponent's arms, and murdered. And
further saith, that Mr. Gilbert, his wife and children were sent by
the said deponent unto the house of Mr. Kobert Lambert of Shrewle,
and were there sheltered until midnight (after the said murder was
committed) under beds. At which time this deponent, with his two
foster brothers, Edmund MacGilloroman, yet living in Shrewl, and
William MacGilloroman, deceased, came with horses of Peter
Lynch's, this deponent's father, and conveyed the said Mr. Gilbert,
with his wife and two children, unto Fryar's Island, on the lands of
Moyne, where they stayed twenty-four hours, expecting the conve-
nieucy of this deponent to carry them towards Cong ; the said wife
and childi-en of Mr. Gilbert the said deponent left in the said island,
until a better conveniency might be assured for their safe convey-
ance thence. And on Wednesday after the murder, he, this depo-
nent, went with the said Mr. Gilbert out of the island towards
Cong, and about a quarter of a mile from the island there appeared
out of an ambush Donogh O'Kennie and Eichard McTibbot, who,
as this deponent hath been informed, had waited for this deponent's
coming along with the said Mr. Gilbert all that morning. And the
said Donogh McKennie and Eichard McTibbot, after saluting
this deponent, came up with a firelock, which was in the hand of
the said Donogh, unto whom this deponent cried, that they should
not draw any blood from the said Mr. Gilbert, the said Donogh being
a follower of this deponent's father, whereupon the said Donogh and
Eichard came up with the said firelock, unto whom this deponent
again said to abstain from meddling with the said Mr. Gilbert, and
this deponent endeavoured as much as in him lay to preserve the
person of the said Mr. Gilbert from the said Donogh and Eichard,
yet, notwithstanding the said deponent's entreaties and endeavours
to defend the said Mr. Gilbert, the said Donogh came with his fire-
lock to shoot him through; whereupon this deponent took hold
of the said firelock, so as the shot was thereby diverted from
the body of the said Mr. Gilbert, and only pierced his skin, and
grazed his arm, who immediately fell, and then the said Donogh and
Eichard stripped the said Mr. Gilbert of his clothes, and what he
had about him, leaving him so stript with this deponent, who took
his foster-brother's mantle, and put the same about him, and carried
him, the said Ur. Gilbert, along unto Mr. Andrew Lynch's, at
Ballymacgibbori, which Andrew relieved the said Mr, Gilbert with

4 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

clothes, and then the said Andrew and this examinant conveyed the
said Mr, Gilbert safe to Cong. And further saith not.

William Lynch FitzPeter.
Taken before me,
RoBT. Ormsby.

cxx.

Thomas Johnson, Vicar of Tullagh and Killycomen, in the
county of Mayo, sworn and examined, saith, that on or about the
10th of November, 1641, after the present insurrection and rebellion
was begun, divers rebels of the baronies of Costello and Gallen in
the county of Mayo, whose names he knoweth not, in forcible and
rebellious manner came and broke into this deponent's house, at
Ballynow, in the same county, and then and there rebelhously and
by force and arms, seized on, took, and carried away this deponent's
household goods, books, and all things they pleased, which they
found, and so departed away. And the next morning those, or some
other rebels, not known to him, forcibly also at the same place took
and carried away all his cows and young cattle, two horses, and his
sheep, all worth fifty pounds, and above. And then or soon after, one
Malachi, the titulary Archbishop of Tuam, seized on this deponent's
church living, and took upon him to give and confer it on one Eiver
O'Conaghan, a popish priest, who thereupon entered thereunto, and
received the profits thereof ever since, worth 80Z. per annum, a
year's profit being now lost. And this deponent himself, having
fled for safety of his life to Castlebar, being Sir Henry Bingham's
castle in the same county, and staying there until about Candlemas
in that year, 1641, the said Henry Bingham at that time, upon
certain terms, and articles, betwixt liim and Miles, Lord of Mayo,
delivered the castle aforesaid to him, the said Lord of Mayo, to
keep for him during the rebellion, there being at that time and for a
month before a siege maintained against that castle by the arch-
rebel, Edmund Bourke of Braskagh (sic), in the barony of Owles,
gent., at which time of the delivery of the said castle, he the said
Miles, Lord of Mayo, undertook to convey the said Sir Henry Bing-
ham, and all the English and Scottish in the castle, with their
clothes, unto the fort of Galway. And, thereupon, they coming the
first day to Ballinacarragh, in the same county, a town belonging to
the Lord of Mayo, this deponent there fell sick and was forced to
turn back again, and in his return to Castlebar he was set on and

DEPOSITIONS. O

surprised by one MurrowO'IIargan [sic) a rebel, who was a plough-
man to Patrick Harte, gent., who stripped this deponent of all his
clothes, and in that state he came to Castlebar, aforesaid. But
fearing to stay there, this deponent fled to the house of Walter
Bourke of Tyrloghe, Esq., who gave him not only clothes, but kept
and defended him against the rebels, although the Popish priests and
friars laboured to have him put to death. And as to the said Sir
Henry Bingham, he went to the town of Neale, where he stayed for
some time. But as for the rest of the English and Scottish that
went along with the said Lord of Mayo, which w^ere about fourscore
or upwards, whereof the Lord Bishop of Killalla was one, and eight
Protestant ministers besides, the said Lord of Mayo and his company
brought them all along to the bridge of Shrule, where a great number
of the rebels of the county of Mayo and the county of Galway met
them, and then and there assaulted and set upon them (they being all
without weapons, and not suffered to take away any from Castlebar
aforesaid), and slaughtered and murdered the most part of those
English and Scots, and amongst the rest six of those ministers, the
Bishop being shrewdly wounded, and but two of the ministers escap-
ing. And the said Lord of Mayo's company flying- to the rebels, and
he and his son Sir Theobald Bourke also flying away, left those they
conveyed to the usage and mercy of the rebels ; the ministers'
names then slain being Dean Farges (sic) of Killala, Mr. Corbett,
Mr. Bingham, Mr. Barnard, Mr. Rowledge (sic) and the Bishop of
Killala's chaplain, whose name he, this examt., cannot express.

And further saith, that the rebels in the barony of Costello and
Gallen, in the said county of Mayo, in mere hatred and derision of the
English and their very cattle, and in contempt and derision of the Eng-
lish law, did ordinarily and commonly prefer, or seem to prefer, bills
of indictment, and brought the English breed of cattle to be tried by
juries, and having in their fashion arraigned these cattle, their scorn-
fid judges, then sitting amongst them, would say (of the cattle in the
dock), ' They look as if they could siieah English! give them the hook
and see if they can read; pronouncmg the words ' Legit aut non '
to the jury. And then, because these English cattle stood mute and
did not read, the Irish judges would pronounce sentence of death
against them, and so they were committed and put to slaughtering.
And this deponent further saith, that in the time he stayed with,
and was protected by, the said Walter Bourke, the young priests
and friars demanded of Stephen Lynch, prior of Strade, in this de-
ponent's own hearing, if it was not lawful to kill this deponent,

6 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

because he would not turn to mass, which prior answered that it
was as lawful to kill them as to kill a sheep or a dog. And divers
of the Irish rebellious soldiers then told this deponent to his face,
that were it not for fear of offending the said Walter Bourgh, they
would make no more conscience or care of killing him than they
would do of a pig or a sheep. And the said Walter Bourgh (sic)
being threatened to have his house burned over his head, and to be
pillaged of his goods, if he kept this deponent any longer, he gave
him a pass under his hand to take to the Earl of Clanricarde at
Loughrea, which brought him thither accordingly in safety, where,
as otherwise without God's miraculous delivery, he could not, as he
is verily persuaded, have escaped murdering. And this deponent
ever after that time lived by the noble and free charity of that
good Earl, until of late that his Lordship sent him and divers
other Protestants away with a convoy. And this deponent further
saith, that one of those rebelhous murderers aforesaid, named Kedagh
Roe MacJames Clandonnell, boasted at his return from Shrule that
he had killed with his own hands four of the Protestants, namely,
Mr. Barnard, commissary ; Mr. Corbett, minister ; Edward Jones,
and Mr. Smith, a merchant. And in triumph of that his villany,
the said Kedagh brought their blood upon his hands, arms, and
weapons to Ballinacarragh aforesaid, sixteen miles distant from
Shrule, and being advised to wash his hands, arms, and weapons
of that blood, he answered, with an oath, that he would not wash off
the English blood until he came to Aheedrinay (sic) to Eory Oge's
house. And this deponent saw the said Kedagh afterwards wear a
suit of clothes he knew to be Mr. Barnard's, the same whi"?!! he
wore when he parted from this deponent at Ballincarragh aforesaid.

And further this examt. saith, that after the massacre at Shrule,
he, this deponent, having a daughter blind of both eyes, who went
to seek relief up and down the parish of Turloglv, where he had been
vicar, with a little boy that led her, also this deponent's child, these
two poor children of his being met on the highway by one Manus
MacJames, brother to the before-mentioned Kedagh, that bloody
rebel, knowing them to be this deponent's children, took the boy
and tied him to a tree and there left him, and the poor girl, weeping
and in great fear, almost starved with cold, when and where he is
persuaded they had both perished, had not one Donnell O'Duggan
by accident come that way, who, knowing the children, loosed the
boy from the tree and sent them both away.

And this deponent also saith, that while he was at Turlogh

DEPOSITIONS. 7

aforesaid, in Mr. Walter Bourgh's house, divers friars of the order of
!St. Doininick in their white habits, knowing this deponent to have
been vicar of that parish, and that he would not turn to mass, per-
suaded one Tirlogh Duffe, footman to the said Walter Bourgh, to set
up two cars to hang this deponent on, but he refused, and certifying
to his said master the same, the master sharply reproved those
friars. And he gave warnmg to all his tenants to relieve this de-
poneiit and suffer none to hurt him, which they accordingly per-
formed, and so by God's great mercy and providence his life was
saved, and he was sent with the pass to the noble Earl of Clanri-
carde, as aforesaid. And this deponent further saith, that he heard
divers of the soldiers at Mr. Walter Bourke's house earnestly protest
and say that they heard that Sir Charles Coote had given them
some overthrow, and that they were preparing to go against Castle
Coote ; that the titulary Archbishop of Tuam, Malachi Keely (sic),
had assured them all that they need not fear, for that the English
should not have power to fight against them, but should be de-
livered mto their hands, so as they (the Irish) might cut their (the
English) throats, or kill them at their pleasure. And that they
should have the Holy Ghost to say mass unto them thrice before
they went into battle.

Thomas Johnson,
Jurat, lith Jan. 1643, Vicar of Turlogh aud Killycomcn.

Hen. Jones.

Hen. Brebeton.

Note.

Mrs. Fargy, or Varges (the name is as usual spelt in various
ways in the deposition), widow of the Dean of Killala, sworn before
the Commissioners on the 19th of October, 1642, confirmed much
of the contents of the foregoing depositions. She says that, beside
the Bishop and the Dean and six other clergymen, there were about
fifty-five Protestants, amongst them her father, ' John Beucannon,
Esq.,' and that all the men in this party, except the Bishop and two
of the clergymen, were murdered at Shrewle bridge. Several women
were also murdered, two of them being enceinte ; all the rest were
stripped naked, and the examt. ' knew not what became of them.'
She further swore that she often heard the rebels say that they
meant to ' root out all the English and Scottish because they had
gotten all from them {the Irish) by their courts and assizes.' Walter
Bourke, who sheltered Mr. Johnson, was also examined on oath
before Sir Robert Meredith, Avhen he swore as follows : —

8 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

" This examt. saith, that such was the hatred of the English by
the Irish, in the county of Mayo, that they could not endure to see a
beast of English breed live amongst them, and not only destroyed
those cattle, but with all derision and scoffing carriage used to
bring a book before the cow or sheep of English breed, that they
had taken from the English, and ask it whether it could read, and
in case they were disposed at that time to spare the cow or sheep,
one of them answered it could read, and bade that its appearances
(recognisances) should be entered ; but if they (the Irish) were
otherwise disposed, they killed it. In conclusion, he saith they left
not a beast living that they took from an English Protestant."
This treatment of the unfortunate English cows was a double
satirical punishment of their owners and ' their courts and assizes.'
So late as 1688, three rebels and cattle-stealers were allowed at a
Wicklow assizes to plead the old exemption of punishment, under
' the benefit of clergy ; ' but two of them being returned by the ordi-
nary ' non legit ' were hung ; the third, and most guilty, it was said,
escaped. Corbet, the minister murdered at Shrule, was the author
of some severe pamphlets against the Covenanters and the Jesuits,
whom he charged with being in a confederacy against the king and
the Church of England. He was said to have been assisted in those
writings by Maxwell, Bishop of Killala, also a high churchman.
Baillie says that Maxwell ' received a warning from heaven, as dis-
tinct and loud as any used to be given on earth, to reclaim him from
his errors, for with his eyes he did see that miserable man John
Corbet, who took upon him the shame of penning a rabble of contu-
melious lies against his mother church, hewed in pieces in the very
arms of his poor wife ; the prelate himself, in the meantime, was
stricken down and left with many wounds as dead, by the hand of
the Irish, with whom he had been too familiar' {Vindication of
the Church of Scotland, p. 2), Corbet had been a Presbyterian
minister in Scotland, but adopting Episcopalianism Wentworth
gave him a valuable living in the diocese of Killala, displacing
Adair, the low church bishop of that see, and putting Maxwell in
his place. The latter was a learned and able prelate, but a violent
persecutor of the Presbyterians. He died in Dublin in 1G46, ' quite
worn out and spent,' says Ware, 'with the miseries of the times.'
An immense number of depositions were taken respecting the massa-
cres in Sligo and Mayo. Andrew Adah', of Magowney, in the latter
county, Esq., swore that he believed above six hundred Protestants
had been murdered in Mayo and Sligo by the rebels, and that he ob-
served one John Eeynolds, who had murdered Mr. Traftbrd, minister

DEPOSITIONS. 9

at Longford Castle {v. Deposition of Mrs. Trafford, p. 849, vol. i.),
to tremble most fearfully when he heard that minister's name men-
tioned. Thomas Hewitt, of Belcarron in Mayo, swore that the
Irish had often told him that they had drowned between two and
three hundred Protestants in the river of Moyne, within ten miles
of Strade, taking them out in boats on the river and throwing them
into it. Whether this was all vain and wicked boasting, or a true
relation of crimes they had actually committed, it is hard to say.
The mixture of superstitious devotion and bloodthirstiness in the
rebels is curiously shown in the deposition of another witness, the
widow of Michael Darby, gentleman, of the Creaght in Roscommon,
who swore that her husband, ' having died of fatigue and cold while he
served against the Irish, she and her father-in-law, Mr. Corshead, a
minister, went into the castle of Elphin, then held by Bishop Tilson,
which was besieged by the rebels.' She goes on to say that when
the besiegers ' saw that they could not prevail, but that many of
their party were slain, then they would say and confess that God
fought for the besieged. Howbeit, such was their foolish supersti-
tion, that those besiegers would blame one another for breaking
the stone font in St. Mary's church at Elphin, where, they said,
St. Patrick had left the print of his knee, and for other abusing of
that church, being our Lady's church, and they said therefore
God was against them.' A tolerably well-known passage in the
writings of Erasmus, in which he describes a ' religious ' of his ac-
quaintance planning an atrocious murder, and after praying for its
success, 'purely and piously,' assassinating his victim, occurs to one
when reading these and other similar annals of Irish crime.

CXXI.

Egbert Nesbitt, being of the age of twenty years, or thereabouts,
being duly sworn upon the Holy Evangelist and examined, saith,
that he lived with his father, Eobert Nesbitt, in Ardnaglass, within
the barony of Tiroragh {sic) and county of Sligo, at the beginning of
the rebellion, and that the said Eobert, with his wife and five small
children, were constrained to continue in the same place for a year
and a half, or thereabouts, after the said rebellion began, until about
the month of ]\Iay, in the year 1G43, at which time this deponent
saith there came a company of Ulster men to the said town of Ard-
naglas, commanded by one Captain MacSweyne, who (during the
time of their abode this deponent saith) they were hired (sic) by the
MacSwcynes of Ardnaglas to murder his father, his mother, and

10 THE IRISII MASSACRES OF lG-11.

their cliildren ; whereupon, on a Saturday at night, these murderers
came to this deponent's father's house and quartered there all night,
and did dress a heef for their supper, which Boger MacSwyne of
Ardnaglas had given them as a part of their hire ; and on the Sun-
day morning the aforesaid murderers bound this deponent's father,
Robert Nesbitt the elder, and in the meantime this deponent's
mother went to tlie said Roger MacSwyne's house, and told him
that they had bound her husband and intended to murder them all,
and prayed him for God's sake to save them ; whereunto the said
Roger replied that what was to be done was by his command, for
he had given orders to them, and commanded her to depart, adding
withal that, if they (his men) did not kill the thieves, as he named
them, that he would do it himself ; notwithstanding which answer
this deponent's mother came back to the house where her husband
was bound, and immediately they tied the said deponent's mother,
Emmeline Nesbitt, with ropes of hair, and drew them all, to wit,
the father, mother, and five children, to the place where they in-
tended to act the murder, and before they came to the place this
deponent, with his two sisters, Helen and Mary, shrunk back out of
the way, and hid themselves. The rest were led on to the slaughter,
when they murdered the father, and also the mother by ... . she
being then great with child, and threw a young child, newly weaned,
into the river. Whereupon, the eldest son, whose name was John,
fled away (being then sixteen years or thereabouts) until he met
with one Owen O'Dowd, now living in Ardnaglas, unto whom he
addressed himself, and told him that the Ulster men had killed his
father and mother, and prayed him to save his life, unto whom the
said Owen replied that he would, and yet he brought him back to the
murderers, and delivered him unto their hands, who killed him.
And this deponent, being further examined, saith, that Roger Mac-
Swyne, Edmund McSwyne, Alexander McSwyne, Roger McSwyne
Fitz Alexander, Hugh McSwyne, and divers others, were all of them
contrivers and assistants of the murderers in the fact ; and, further,
he, this deponent, saith that they, the said McSwynes, were always
jealous that the said persons should escape into the English
quarters, and discover their actions, which was the cause they mur-
dered them after so long a time. And further this deponent saith
not, but that one George Evans, now living near Donegal, can testify
to what this deponent hath saith.

Robert Nesbitt +
Being jyresent, 16th June, 1653,

Chables Gore.

DEPOSITIONS. 1 1

CXXII.

Egbert Lydford, of the abbey of Boyle {illegible) in Major
King's house, being duly sworn and examined, saith, that at the
breaking out of the rebellion in 1G41, he lived at Shrone, in the
county of SHgo, and soon after Candlemas in that year Sir Eobert
Hannay, with his lady, children, and many of the British nation
who had lost their substance by the rebels, little surviving but their
lives, were, by a convoy of the county Mayo, from whence they
came, brought towards Ardnaglas, but the said convoy being sur-
prised by the means of Eoger Oge MacSweyne of Ardnaglas, and
his brother Brian MacSweyne, the most of those distressed people
fell into the enemies' hands, and were murdered ; but this examt.
more particularly saw one Connor MacNamee pulling a pretty
youth of those prisoners, who, being brought within twenty yards
of the place where this examt. was then hiding himself, near the
church of Skreine, and took him (the youth) by the hair of the head
with one hand, and with the other hand cut his, the said youth's,
throat, by stabbing him through the same several times with an
Irish skean, and then seeing a poor churl accidentally pass by, caused
him to drag the said corpse to an open grave in the said church-
yard, and there to bury it. And when he, this deponent, had so
done, he saw the said Connor follow an old British man, who carried
a young child in his arms, and driving the old man before him out
of this exanit.'s sight, to murder him, as this examt. verily believes,
but what was done with the old man this examt. knoweth not. He,
this deponent, further saith, that there were three of the number of
those British at the same time hanged by the inhabitants of the
comitry thereabouts, which one Owen MacEdmunds, living there,
perceiving, and that the said Connor, with other wicked persons,
were saying that they would pass from Ardnaglas to the Skreine,
where this deponent lived, there to kill all British mhabitants, did
hastily run to this deponent to advertise him what he (Owen) hath
heard spoken, and to put this deponent upon his guard against the
said rebels' approach thither, which he did the best he might by
hiding himself up and down the country. This examt. further saith,
that one Thomas Coote and his wife, and one Thomas Carurie {sic),
and two Enghshmen were soon after that time murdered at {illegible)
by Hugh O'Connor, son of Tiegue O'Connor of Sligo, Esquire, de-
ceased, and his brother, Cathal O'Connor, and that Tiegue O'Connor

12 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lOU.

of Sligo, Esquire, and the said Hugli and Cathal O'Connor, brethren,
went together into the baronry of Tireragh, with many idle persons
calhng themselves soldiers, following them, a little while after the
murder at Sligo was committed ; and the first night they all lay at
Ardnaglas, and from thence went forward into the barony, and
within four or five days returned back and lay at {illegible) aforesaid,
when and where the said murder was committed, but whether the
said Tiegue O'Connor of Sligo, the eldest brother of the three, was
there at the instant doing of the same, this examt. cannot tell.
This examt. further saith, that Eobert Nesbitt and his wife, a British
couple, and inhabitants of Ardnaglass, were soon after that time
stabbed and murdered, but by whom this examt, doth not know,
the said woman being great with child, and this examt. heard that
when she was killed ... as was commonly reported in the country,

and further saith not.

Egbert Lydford,
Takeyi hefore me,
RoBT. Parke.

CXXIII.

The Examination of Editha Gardiner of Portumna, aged about
tioenty-five years, xoife to Bichard Gardiner, one of my Lord
President's troop, December 18th, 1662.

Being examined upon oath, saith, that in the beginning of the
war, her husband, Richard Gardiner, with his two brothers, Mat-
thew and Archibald Gardiner, and Mr. Walker, and Mr. Shauld,
ministers, with others, were besieged in the steeple of Roserke Abbey,
in the barony of Tyrawly, for three quarters of a year, by the Barretts,
and others of the enemy in that country ; being so long besieged
they sent to Mr. Edmund Burke of Rappagh, to deliver the place
to him, if he would give them a safe convoy for this examt., her
mother, Mr. "Walker, and his man, to Abbey Boyle in the county of
Roscommon, it being an English garrison, her husband and some
others that were in the steeple being to remain there with Mr.
Burke's people ; whereupon Edmund Burke of Rappagh came and
received the place, and sent his brother Richard Burke, a friar, and
six soldiers to convey them, two of whom left them at Ardnaree,
and the friar, and the other four went on with them to Ballyjordan,
where they broke their fast. And when they were going from
them after breakfast, the said Friar Richard Burke bid them go the
shortest way unto Lough Cuiltoge, over a bog, and he would meet

DEPOSITIONS. ] 3

them, and sent lour soldiers of Edmund Bourke along with them,
and about half an hour after they were gone out of the town
where they broke their fast, about seven or eight of the town's
people followed them, and fell upon Mr. Walker and his man, and
killed them ; and being demanded whether the four soldiers who
were to convey them did offer to prevent the killing of them, she
saith they did not, and she further saith, that, before the town's
people came to them, the said guard fell upon this examt. and her
mother, and stript them to the skin, saying, they (the guard) had as
well do it as others, and when this examt.'s mother saw the people
commg, she had some small linen and a gold ring, which she gave
to the soldiers, and asked them to take her and this examt. aside
and save their lives. Being exammed Avhether she knew any of
her convoy, she saith that she knew none but Eichard Burke, the
Friar, and one Gilduffe, and being asked whether the said Edmund
Burke did punish any of the soldiers, she saith she doth not know,
and saith that the soldiers told Mr. Burke and her husband that
they (Mr. Walker and his man) were killed. And after Mr. Walker
and his man were killed, this examt. and her mother went to Bally-
cottle, to this examt.'s father-in-law, where they remained, and
afterwards her mother was murdered, going between Ballimote and
the Boyle, but by whom she doth not know, and this examt. went
to Eoserke, and stayed there with her husband, till the Lord Presi-
dent came into the country, with a party for their relief. And
this examt. being demanded if she knew anything of the murder
that was committed between the Moyne and Killaly, saith that she
heard that one James Dexter did instigate the people to murder
them, in regard that some of the British had gone away in his
boat.

Taken before vie the day

and year above written,
Cha. Coote.

Note.

Editha Gardiner's husband swore to the same effect, stating how
the rebels had burned the town and forced the English to retreat
into the church tower, or steeple (tower), and that he had heard,
that when James Dexter's boat was stolen by three Scotchmen Avho
escaped in it to Ulster, he (Dexter), and some Irishmen, gathered
all the rest of the Scotchmen of that neighbourhood, and drowned
them in the sea and the river at Moyne.

14 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

CXXIV.
■ Julian Johnson, the relict of John Johnson, clerk, preacher of
God's word, parson of Athenry, Donmore, in the county of Galway,
sworn and examined, saith, that since the present rebellion began
in this kingdom, a little before Christmas, 1641, her husband, then
alive, and she, were robbed and despoiled of their means, goods, and
chattels, to their loss of 1,655Z. sterling, by, and by the means of,
the Lord Clanmorris, and his soldiers, who at first in a fawning
and seemly fair manner, as a man seeming to partake with the Et.
Hon. Earl of Clanricarde, came into her house, and by his promises
of loyalty to his Majesty, and love to her husband, was kindly enter-
tained by them, but when he, by information, had discovered and
searched out where all their goods were, he then discovered his
former dissimulation and treachery, and deprived them of all their
said goods to the value aforesaid. But before that time, viz. about
the beginning of November, 1641, her said husband and she were
forcibly robbed at Oorrindely, in the county Leitrim, and thereabouts,
of goods worth 760Z. by the treacherous rebel Owen McQuillen,
then bailiff and receiver of rents, and others whose names she can-
not express. And afterwards her said husband and she, forsaking
both those counties for safety, retired to the island called the Inch
in the King's County, to the house of Capt. Robert Smith, and stayed
there about five weeks, and then her said husband and her eldest
son, and one Mr. Baxter, a minister, and the said Captain Smith,
and twenty more Protestants of their company, being all slain in a
skirmish by the sept of the O'Molloys, and their soldiers, she, this
deponent, was robbed at the same Captain's house of goods and
chattels worth 241Z. more. And then and there the said Captain
Smith's wife was also robbed of all her goods, and she and this
deponent, after several days' restraint with those rebels, were con-
strained to eat and drink with those that murdered their husbands.
And saith, that Paul O'Molloy, a friar, was the principal man in that
slaughter and robbery, who quickly after that skirmish, in a tri-
umphant rejoicing way, said, ' It was brave sport ' to see the young
men, meaning some of the young Englishmen, then slain, defending
themselves, ' their eyes hxirningin their heads.' And saith also, that
the rebels robbed her of her clothes, and that that friar, though often
entreated, would give her none of her clothes again, because, as he
said, and as was indeed true, because she was a minister's wife.

DEPOSITIONS. 15

And then all the Protestants were turned out of the island, stripped
of all they had, and denied any of their meat and provision, which
the rebels had surprised, almost surfeited themselves on, and had
then thrown on a dunghill. And saith that, although this deponent
and the said Captain Smith's wife escaped away, and lived, yet the
rest, being in all about one hundred and forty, being turned out
without their clothes, died of hunger or starving. And this de-
ponent, after her removal from the island, being brought to one John
McFarrell's house, sho heard some one of the cruel rebel soldiers
then and there boast and brag of the brave sport he and others had,
in setting on fire the straw with which a stripped Englishwoman
had tied about her, and how bravely he said, ' the fire made the
English jade wince.' And this deponent afterwards endured many
miseries coming to Dublin, where she now is in great want and
misery, her former sufferings being too many to be related, and
she charged with nine small children, who for a year have been
maintained by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Clanricard, Captain Chidley
Coote, and Captain Parsons, out of their mere worthy bounty and
charity.

Julian Johnson.
J7(.rat. Sth Feb. 1643,

Henry Jones.
Hen. Brereton.

CXXV.

Ralph Lambart, late of tlie town of Gal way, gent., sworn and
examined, deposeth that he was robbed and despoiled of leases,
goods, and chattels, worth 401^., and upwards, at the beginning of
this rebellion. And further saith, that himself and his family, with
many other pillaged Protestants, repaired for refuge to Loughrea
and Portumna. And saith that one Hugh Langridge, a house-
carpenter, being a servant of the late and present Earl of Clanri-
carde for twenty-eight years, and a dweller in Loughrea, about July,
1G42, had occasion to go to the woods to cut timber about five
miles from home, taking with him his son of the age of fifteen years,
and lodging in an empty house one night in a scattered small village,
there came five men and broke in upon them both asleep, the chief of
these men being one Rowland Bourke, formerly a soldier in the said
Earl's foot company, but who, through some misdemeanours, was
cashiered ; they first bound the said Hugh with his son, and then
led them forth in their shirts, a quarter of a mile, and then bound

16 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

them to two trees about twenty yards asunder, and then began to
cut, hew, and stab them, as long as they perceived any life in them,
the said Rowland with his sword, and another with the said Hugh's
own axe, and the rest with darts and skeans ; tlie father received
seventeen wounds, and the son nine, and as soon as the malefactors
had ended their said mischief, they forthwith returned back to the
said house, to pillage further the said Hugh's tools and victuals,
and in a while the said Hugh, being a strong-hearted old man,
began to revive, and asked his son if lie were living, who answered
that he was so wounded that he coiild not tell whether he would
recover or not, for his head was almost cut open, but his throat had
escaped. The father replied he feared he never could recover, for
that he had received a stroke under his ribs with his own axe, and
that his bowels were coming through it, but he desired his son if he
(the father) should die, to commend him to his wife and other
children, and to report of his usage, and so, commending himself
and his family to Almighty God by an earnest prayer, he began to
sing a psalm, and by that time the cruel rebels returning from the
house, the said Eowland Bourke said, ' Are you singing ? then Til
sing with you ! ' and struck him on his head with his sword, so as
his brains did appear, as this deponent hath seen, within three days
after, when the corpse was brought into the town, but the youth
was cured at the Earl's charge, who did keep him some time. Also
this deponent saith, that about July, 1642, there was a poor old
minister named Mr. Korbett, living in the time of peace within four
miles of Loughrea, but in the troubles he remained at Loughrea,
for relief and safety as the rest did, yet in expectation of kindness
from his former parishioners, he went towards his parish, and by
the way had his head cut off by two young cowboys, one of whom
was apprehended by Captain Thomas Leicester, who should have
him hanged for that murder, but that one of Captain Burke's sol-
diers then being on the mainguard, let him out of the stocks, and
this deponent heard that prisoner say, when he was demanded
why he murdered so harmless a person, that he thought it a good
service to God, seeing that Mr. Korbett was an Englishman, and
especially because he was a minister. Moreover, this deponent
saith that he had a son at nurse with one that dwelt at Clancannon,
upon the Bourke's land, so that this deponent could not send for
him, it being January, 1G41, and the child was beaten by one of
Hubert Buie Bourke's soldiers, so that it died in three days after.
This deponent further saith that, about February, 1G42, there was

DEPOSITIONS. ] 7

a cruel murder committed at tlio abbey of Jjoylo, by Charles
McDermott.one of the great McDermott's sons, and his men, who one
night came into the said town of Boyle, and there murdered many
persons, amongst them this deponent's sister and her child, and her
Jnisband, William Stewart, were there slain, as this deponent hath been
credibly informed by both English and Irish. . . . And further saith,
that he heard it credibly reported, that about December, 1G41, one
Con O'Bourke of the county of Leitrim, then a new made colonel,
did produce a supposed commission from his Majesty, under the broad
seal, wherein full power was given to the Irish to banish all tho
English, and despoil them of all their goods, but this deponent hath
been credibly informed by some of the Irish, that the said broad seal
was the seal of a patent for lands that the said colonel had gotten
at Moliill, when he took it from Mr. Henry Crofton, and that he, the
said Con, or his son, did forge the said commission to the said seal.

Ralph Lambeet.
Jurat, dth July, 1G45,
Coram Hen. Jones.

Hen. Breketon.

CXXVI.

Colonel Fuancis Taafe, being duly sworn and examined,
doposcth and saith, that he knew Charles O'Connor and Hugh
O'Connor, the brothers of O'Connor Sligo, and he heard of a horrid
murder committed in Sligo upon Mr. Stewart, William Walsh, and
divers others, wherein the said Charles and Hugh were principal
actors. He further saith, that Major-General Lucas Taafe and this
examt. did, with five hundred men, apprehend the said persons and
brought them prisoners to Ballinafad in order to try them for the
said murder, where they were kept prisoners for a long time (bat the
certain time ho doth not remember), during which time he believed
the said Major-General Taafe sent to such as had the chief authority
in this province, desiring that the said parties might be brought to
a trial, and at length, finding it very inconvenient to continue there
any longer in that place, the said Major-General caused them to be
conveyed to Castle Coote, to the intent they might be there brought
to justice, as he believes, whore Lieut. -Gen. Bourke there was with
an army, who then commanded in chief both in the army besieging
that place, and in the whole province where the said Charles and Hugh
were left prisoners, and were within a week set at liberty, but by
what means or by what order he knoweth not. He further saith,

VOL. II. c

18 TTIK IRISH MASSxVCRES OF 1(541.

that about a twelvemonth ago lie saw the said Hugh O'Connor
come into the Lord Clanricard's army near Bally shannon, and dis-
cover himself to his lordship and desired that ho might be ques-
tioned for the aforesaid murder, who promised and engaged that so
soon as he got into Ballyshannon he would have the said Hugh
hanged, which was prevented by the sudden approach of the English
army, and the said Hugh is now in actual rebellion, not daring to
come in because of the murders, as this examt. is informed.

Francis Taafe.
Taken before us ISth of May, 1653,
Charles Coote.
Walter Carwardine.

Note.

The deponent Colonel Francis Taafe was the fourth son of the
first Viscount Taafe by his wife, the daughter of Lord Dillon, and
having gone abroad after the Cromwellian Settlement, and married
an Italian lady, he died at Naples leaving a son Charles. The
elder brother of Colonel Taafe, Major-General Lucas Taafe, married,
first, Elizabeth Stephenson of Dunmoylan, county Limerick, by
whom he had a daughter ; and secondly, Annabella, daughter of
Captain Thomas Spring {v. Deposition CLXXXVI.) of Kerry, by
whom he had a son, Christopher, who married and left issue a son,
Abel Taafe of Tipperary, living in the early part of the last century.

CXXVII.

Margaret Kelly, of Dundalk, in the county of Louth, widow,
aged forty years or thereabouts, taken the 24th of June, 1654,
being duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that on or
about the 23rd of October, 1641, this examt., then living at
Carrickm across, in the county of Monaghan, did there and then see
Patrick MacEdmund MacMahon, Patrick MacToole MacMahon,
where they now live she heard not, Toole MacEward now in the
county of Do\vn, Patrick MacCollo Eoe MacMahon, Hugh Bander
(sic) O'Collan, and Patrick O'Lerdy {sic), all three prisoners, now in
Dundalk gaol, and several other rebels whose names this examt.
remembereth not. She saith that the said rebels did then and there
seize on the several English inhabitants and Protestants of the
town of Carrickmacross, and amongst them seized on John Jackson,
George Gedden, and Tiiomas Alsdersly, and committed and kept

DISPOSITIONS. 1 9

tliein prisoners in the said town, until the 1st of Jimuary, 1G41,

and then the said rebels having erected a gallows near to the Castle

of Carrickmacross, this deponent did see the said Patrick MacCollo

Eoe MacMahon, Hugh Rander O'Collon, Patrick Lerdy, Patrick

MacEdmund MacMahon, Patrick MacToole MacMahon, and Toole

MacEward, and several other rebels aforesaid, carrying the said

John Jackson, George Gedden, and Thomas Aldersly, to the said

gallows, and the said rebels being come to the gallows she did then

see them ready to hang the said Jackson, Gedden, and Aldersly,

and this examt. having gone a little way into the said town, and

returning immediately, did as she Avas passing by see the said

Jackson, Gedden, and Aldersly hanging dead upon the said gallows,

and the said Patrick MacCollo Roe MacMahon, Hugh Eander

O'Collon, Patrick O'Lerdy, Patrick MacEward MacMahon, Patrick

MacToole MacMahon, and the said Toole MacEward standing at

the said gallows among the other rebels, aiding and assisting at the

hanging of the said Jackson, Gedden, and Aldersley. This examt.

further saith, that about a month or six weeks after the 1st of

January aforesaid this examt. did see the said Hugh Rander

O'Collon and Toole MacEward present, and assisting other rebels

at Carrickmacross aforesaid at the hanging of Mr. Russell and his

wife, whose Christian names deponent remembereth not, and further

saith not.

Margaket Kelly.

Taken and deposed before me the day and year aforesaid,
Thomas Dongan.

cxxvni.

Anne Moobb, of Portfreany, in the county Down, aged fifty years
or thereabouts, duly sworn and examined, saith, that at the begin-
ning of the rebellion she and her husband, Edward Moore, lived in
the parish of Ballydowney, and they removed from their own house
(when all the goods they had therein were taken away by the Irish
party) to the house of Phihp Kelly, bemg a neighbour of their own,
where they tarried one night, and the next morning this examt. 's
husband went into one John Porter's hard by to hear what news
there was, and at his coming into the said Porter's house he was
seized upon by Callo McKnogher and others, whose names slie
remembers not, to about the number of six persons, when he, her-

c 2

20 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

said husband, was taken a little way and killed by tliem. And the
cause of this examt.'s knowledge is that she chanced to look out of the
said Philip Kelly's house towards John Porter's, when she saw the
said Callo and the others carrying her husband by the said Porter's
house ; upon which she hasted after them as fast as she could, but
before she could come unto them her said liusband was killed and
the Irish had left him full of wounds. And she further saith, that
the saw the corpse of one Hugh Wild, who was murdered at the
same time, by the same party. And she saw his entrails coming
forth of his body ; and she did hear among the Irish, while she was
their prisoner, that one Pat Oge O'Hoolihan was amongst them that
committed these murders. And further saith not.

Ann + Moore.
Jurat. 13 Matj, 1653,
Edwabd Conway.
Geo. Kawdon. Note,

John Porter, sworn, confirmed the above in all particulars,
adding that Art O'Huolihan, a priest, was amongst the party that
committed these murders.

CXXIX.

Edward Wilson, of Lattmarkmurphy, in the parish of Augh
{illegible), in the barony of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, gent.,
being duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that in the
beginning of the present rebellion, and by means thereof, to wit
on the 28rd of October last, he was robbed or otherwise despoiled of
his goods and chattels worth 870^., by, or by the means of, Shane Oge
MacCanna {sic) of the barony of Truagh, county of Monaghan, gent,,
Toole MacCanna and his brother Cuconnaght MacCanna, Patrick
MacCanna and his brother, and several of the septs of the Mac-
Cannas. And this deponent saith, that there was murdered at
Aghalon aforesaid, by the rebels, men, women, and children, to the
number of one hundred persons or thereabouts, some whereof they
killed with swords, others they hanged, others they shot to death,
others they hung up by the arms, and with their swords did hack
them, to see how many blows they could endure before they died,
and others they knocked on the head with hatchets. And further
this deponent saith, that he heard it credibly reported by men
of credit that the rebels of that county publicly said that the
king of England should no longer be tlieir king, saying further.

DEPOSITIONS. 2 1

• Hang him, the roijiic ! he has been too long our king already ! '
and they said the king of Spain should be their king, and they
drank his health in the house of a Scotchman they had mur-
dered. And further saith, that he hath also heard it credibly
reported that at other times the rebels said Sir Phehm O'Neil

should be their king.

Edwabd Wilson.

Jurat. IQth October, 1742,

Coram John Watson.

Wm. Aldiucii.

cxxx.

The said Edwakd Wilson, of Lattmarkmurphy, in the parish of
Aghalon, in the barony of Dungannon, being duly sworn and ex-
amined, on behalf of Robert Rowan, a little child, son to James
Rowan, late of Magharnahaly, in the county of Armagh, gent., mur-
dered by the rebels, deposeth and saith, that the said James Rowan
before the rebellion began was worth and had in estates, lands,
leases, ready money in his house, and money owing him by men
now in actual rebelHon, and in other goods and chattels to the
value of 2,000Z. and above ; and having such an estate as aforesaid,
was, since the rebellion began and by means thereof, expelled from,
deprived,, robbed, or otherwise despoiled of all his moans and estate
aforesaid, and after half a year's imprisonment was himself murdered
in prison. And his wife and four small children, going towards
Clannaboys for safety of their lives, were all most cruelly murdered
by the rebels on the highway, to wit, the mother was knocked on the
head, being great with child, and two of her children were hanged
over their mother's shoulder before they murdered her, and the other
two children were laiocked on the head and so killed ; and at the
same time and place four of her servants were also murdered by the
rebels. And saith, that the rebels that robbed the said James Rowan
aforesaid were the inhabitants of the Newry. But the names of
those rebels that committed the aforesaid murders, nor their places
of present abode, this deponent knoweth not. And that the estate
of the said James Rowan aforesaid, by the death of his wife and her
other children, of right belongeth to the said Robert Rowan.

his
Jurat, nth October, 1642, Edward + Wilson.

Wm. Aldeich. mark

John Watson.

22 TllK IRISH MASSACRES OF lOll.

Note.

John Henderson, gent., sworn on the 2ncl of May, 1G53, before
Colonel George Kawdon, deposed that he and about forty other
Protestants were imprisoned at Armagh in the spring of 1641, by
order of Tirlogh Roe O'Neil, that he looked out one morning of a
window in the back of the gaol, and saw ' James Rowan, an inhabi-
tant of Newry, brought thither by one Walter Bodley, Hugh Modder
MacCadden {sic), and Neil O'Mallan, with others whose names he
knoweth not, and there murdered by them.' Henderson further
swore that Mr. Griffin, curate of Armagh, William Cammoge, and
others to the number of about twenty, were all taken away from
Armagh to Munolly, about twenty-four miles distant, and all mur-
dered except Cammoge, who escaped and told him the fate of the
rest, and that thirty-six persons were drowned or murdered by the
rebels at the ToUwater.

CXXXI.

The examination of Humphrey Stewart, taken before me, this
8rd day of May, 1653, being aged forty years or thereabouts, who
being duly examined and sworn, saith, that the next day after the
town of Lisnogarvey was burnt by Sir Phelim O'Neil, and his army
returning home scattered, this examt, coming down to the Tollwater
the same day saw Joseph Hanley, his wife, and their children, cast
into the Tollwater, with one Plenry Taylor, son of William Taylor,
and there drowned by Donnell O'Neill McCann, David McVeagh,
Edmund Roe MacEIevay, and Neil O'Doven, whereupon this
examt. was glad to fly back into the woods for shelter and there
hid himself. And as for the drowning at Portadown, he, this
examt., saith, that he and one James Jackson being at plow for
Mr. Jones, about Lammas last, there came to them wlion they
were ploughing one Toole Oge McToole dubh MacCann, and they
falling into discoiirse about the great murders committed at Porta-
donne, this examt. charged the said Toole with being one of them
that committed them, to which the said Toole answered, that he
did nothing but what he had command for ; for that Toole McRory
liad the command of many men and him amongst the rest, and
that he commanded them not to suff"er any of the British nation to
pass over the bridge, without money and some of their clothes,
and this examt. saith, he heard there wore drowned by the said

DEPOSlTIOiNS. 23

men about seven score men, women, cantl cliildren, among whom
were AVilliam Taylor, Avith four or five cliildren, Alexander Rose,
with six or seven children, John Jackson and his wife, Edward
Eaton, James Rumbold, and very many more of this examt.'s
neighbours, but this examt. knoweth not the names of those that
were at the said drowning, but heard from many it was done by
the command of the said Toole McRory McCann, and further saith
not.

Geo. Rawugn. Humphrey Stewart +

CXXXII.

John Hickman, late of Tinakeertagh, in the parish of Armagh,
county of Cavan, yeoman, sworn and examined, saith, that in the
beginning of the present rebellion, viz. about the 24th of October,
1041, he, this deponent, was deprived, robbed, or oihorwise despoiled
of his lands of inheritance, worth 48/. yearly, and is like to lose
the future profits thereof, mitil a peace be established, and of goods
and chattels worth IIGZ. more. And also this deponent's house
was taken up by the rebels, Hugh O'Reily, gent., of Drumnaloe,
and Hugh McDonough Malmore O'Reilly of Ardlough, in the same
county, Owen O'Gowen of Cordnashure, who forcibly took from
this deponent his horse and stripped his father-in-law and his wife
of their clothes. And further saith, that when this deponent and
his wife and children intended to come away from the rebels, one
Donnell O'Leary, his brother-in-law, who is an Irishman and yet
a Protestant, being not allowed to come away with them, took this
deponent into his own house, and there kept him for about one
year together, during which time the rebels sent them word and
threatened them all with death, if they would not go to mass.
And the rebels forcibly took from his said brother-in-law, Donnell
O'Leary, the possession rents and profits of his land, and some of
his goods, and promised to restore all unto him if he would forsake
the Protestant religion and go to mass. And further saith, that
Avhilst he was so kept at his said brother-in-law's house, he and his
brother-in-law drew cut of the river of Lough Erne the corpses of
six persons that the rebels had formerly drowned, which corpses
they buried. And this deponent observed that although those
corpses had lain long in the water, yet they were not torn, iior
eaten by the fish, nor devoured, but their skins were whole. And
further saith, that since those persons and other Protestants
were drowned in that river, which is called Lough Erne river, this

24 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

deponent liatli heard divers of the rebels complain that they could
not get bream, pike, or other fish in that river, since the English
were drowned there, as formerly they had done, and they used to
say that they (the Irish) thought all the fish and the English had
gone away together.

John + Hickman.
Jurat. IQth Feb. 1G42,
Randal Adams.
Will. Aldeich.

CXXXIII. ^

Randall Adams, clerk, duly sworn, saith, that about the 1st of
November, 1641, being in company with some of the chief gentle-
men of Westmeath, near the place of his and their residence, he
heard some of the said gentlemen profess and say to some friars
then in their company, that they, the friars and their fellows, were
the cause of this great and mischievous rebellion, and showed to
their face what little, and indeed no cause they had to have begun
so many foul abominable actions ; as first, generally they enjoyed
the highest benefits the kingdom could aftbrd, and that none even
of the best and greatest, all things considered, could be so fully
made partakers of them, the benefits aforesaid, than they were,
and for further convincing them of their damnable villainy, they
instanced, in very many particulars at first, the great freedom they
had in religion without control, and that they, the friars, had
generally the best horses, clothes, meats, drinks, and all provisions,
delightful or useful, as none others had, or could hope to have, the
like on such cheap and easy terms, for they had all without care or
cost of their own, and many other privileges, beyond any of their
own function either regular or secular, through the Christian
world ; and therefore those gentlemen most bitterly cursed them,
the friars, to their teeth, saying they hoped God Avould bring that
vengeance home to them which they, by their wicked plots, laboured
so wickedly to bring on others. The gentlemen before named that
spoke these very same words were Sir Phelim Tuite, Knt. and
Baronet, Edward Tuite, Esq., justice of the peace, and Andrew
Tuite, Esq., justice of the peace.

Randall Adams.
Jurat, August 22ncl, 1G42,

John Watson.
Wm. Aldrich.
Hen. Bkeueton.

DEPOSITIONS. 25

CXXXIV.

The Examination of Christopher Hampton, taken before me, by
direction of the Bight Honourable the Lords Justices and
Council, this 11th of December, 1G41.

The said Hampton, being sworn by the clerk of the Council,
saith, that he and divers others coming ashore on the 5th of the
present at the Skerries, within ten miles of this city, one called
Father Malone, with many 4iccompanying of hun, laid hands upon
this examt. and the rest, and stripped them of all they had, and
likewise entered into the ship, and rifled and took away what was
there, which being done, the said Malone sent this examt. and the
other passengers by a warrant under his hand, from constable to
constable, to Eogcr Moore, colonel in the army. According to the
warrant of the said Malone, this examt. being brought before Mr.
Eoger Moore, he after some time let this examt. and the rest go
free and at large. This examt. further saith, that at the same place
and time there was present at the Church of Duleek, in consulta-
tion, sundry of the Lords of the Pale, namely the Lord of Gormans-
town, the Lord Netterville, the Lord of Slane, the Lord Louth, the
Lord of Iveagh, the rest were miknown to this examt.

Egbert Meredith.
Note.

Was this Father Malone the provincial of the Jesuits before
mentioned {v. ante, p. 88G) or a parish priest in Wicklow ? This
outrage was committed on the day that Sir Charles Coote was sent
from Dublin into Wicklow, and six days later another English bark
was pkuidered in the same neighbourhood, as appears by the next
deposition.

cxxxv.

The Examination of David Powell, taken before me. Sir John
Temple, Ent., December lith, 1G41.

David Powell, one of the inhabitants of Clontarf, saith, that a
bark belonging to Philip Norrice, of Liverpool, ran aground near
Clontarf on the 11th of December, that some dwellers of {sic)
Eahenny, to the number of fourteen, came and pillaged the said
bark, and took away all the best commodities that Avere then in her.

26 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

and that when one Evers and a miller came to liclp to save tlie
goods, they fell xipon them and womided the miller to death, and
caused Evers, for fear of losing his life, to tm-n Papist. On the 14th
of December the inhabitants of Clontarf, chiefly fishermen, came
and took away out of the said bark such coals and salt and ropes as
were left in the said barque and carried them to their houses. And
saith further, that FitzSimmons of Eahenny, gent., was amongst
those at Rahenny that pillaged the bark all night. And saith
further, that there came some of the rebels on the 12th of December
to Clontarf, and that they came to the house of this examt., finding
no other English in the town, and rifled all he had, and said they
would set fire to his house if he would not leave it, and that they
would not leave an Englishman dwelling upon the land, and they

said they would go from thence to Howth,

{Unsig7ied.)
J. Temple.

Note.

The above deposition appears to be a copy of a lost original.

CXXXVI.

Joseph Smithson, minister and preacher of God's Word in the
parish of Clonskerme [sic), in the county of Dublin, and barony of
Eathdown, being duly sworn and examined, deposeth, that in
December last, upon {illegible) day at night, he was robbed in house-
hold goods to the value of 40Z. ; in hay, 50^. ; in {illegible) 21. ; in bills
and bonds, 101. ; in the loss of his glebe lands and garden, 5/. ; in
divers hens, geese, ducks, pigs, and turkeys, 18s. ; offerings and other
duties, 51. And that his wife was that night taken prisoner in her
own house at Dean's Grange, county Dublin, by the servant of
Richard Rochfort of the same parish, in the county of Dublin, gent.,
viz. Phelim Malone and John Carrick of {illegible), and others
whose names are James Goodman of Ballinley, Alexander Rochfort
and Patrick Sherman of the Kill, all of the parish and county
aforesaid, and being so taken in her own house, her apron pulled
off and herself dragged out by the hair of her head, she was then
pinioned and set upon her own horse, her clothes plucked from her,
and they drove her horse through bogs to one Mr. William Wolver-
ston, of Stillorgan, in the said county. Esquire, who gave command
to the rebels to hang her but not upon his land. Afterwards she
was carried, still on horseback, a matter of twenty miles after the
same manner. And this deponent further saith, that the said Mr.

DEPOSITIONS. 27

Wolverstoii told him, this deponent, that he would pay no more

tithes but to the mass priest. And this deponent is like to be

deprived of the same tithes which since the rebellion began ]\Ir.

Wolverston hath detained from him. And saith also, that Mr.

Eichard Rochfort, a wilful Papist, kept from this deponent as many

tithe furs as came to 51., and said to this deponent that he kept

them in hopes to see the Protestants buried in them. And this

deponent is like to be deprived of those tithes also due from the said

Rochfort since the rebellion, he peremptory denying to pay them.

And further the said Rochfort did say to one Thomas Frisby, that

if he would get him Mr. Smithson and his wife he would shoot

them to pieces with his pistol. And further this deponent saith,

that he credibly heard that the robbers that took away his wife

were of the council of {illegible) the said William Woolverston

aforesaid, and of one Patrick Coleman, Nicholas Farrell, Daniel

McQuin, Nicholas Rochfort, and William Taylor, of Stillorgan,

being all Papists and rebels, as he considereth. And this examt.

is credibly informed that the said rebels have most barbarously

and cruelly hanged his said wife till she died, and a servant woman

of hers also. And this examt., for fear of the cruelty of the said

Wolverston, Rochford, and the rebels before mentioned, was enforced

to fly from his benefice, with his two sons, whither they dare not

return, but arc deprived of the bench t thereof, being worth yearly

40^., and above, and being as aforesaid robbed of his other goods,

hath no means whereby to maintain himself and his children, but

they are all exposed to great want and misery.

Joseph Smithson.

Jurat, coram nobis, IStJi Jan. lG-11,

Wm. Hitchcock.

Wm. Aldrich.

Note.

In former times Wicklow was well stocked not only with the red-
deer which Strafford loved to hunt {v. Introduction, note p. 71),
but with otters and other small wild animals, the furs of which were
valuable. In a letter to Strafiford, Laud thanks him for a gift of a
cloak lined with Irish furs, in which it appears from the above deposi-
tion portions of the Established Church tithes were sometimes paid.

CXXXVII.

Denney, the relict of James Montgomeky, clerk, parson of
Donnamayne, in the county Monaghan, being duly sworn and

28 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

examined, deposeth and saitli, that since tlie beginning of this
present rebellion and by means thereof, her said luisband, and she,
this deponent, were expelled from, deprived, robbed, or otherwise de-
spoiled of their goods and chattels to the value of 703/. And further
saith, that the rebels that so robbed and despoiled them were Colonel
MacMahon MacBrian, and Patrick MacLaughlin, Colonel MacQuin,
Colonel MacArt Ardle MacMahon, and Ewer MacCallan. And she
further saith, that on May day last, when the rebels were beaten at
Ardee by the English army, they all came to Carriclanacross, and
then they killed her, this deponent's, husband, and said they would
not leave a minister alive in Ireland, because, as they said, the
English army killed all their priests at Ardee. And the chief captains
and colonels in the Carrick said they did God good service in killing
the ministers. And this deponent saith also, that at Christmas last
the rebels most cruelly murdered, at three several times, nineteen
Englishmen, and since Christmas killed and drowned, at or near
the Carrick, of men, women, and children, to the number of eighty-
nine persons. And saith, that the persons that did these murders
and cruelties were Colonel MacBrian MacMahon, a chief rebel in
Carrickmacross, Ewer MacLoughlin, a rebel bishop who was the
chief director and causer of these murders, and Patrick Mac-
Loughlin, a colonel also among the rebels. And this deponent
further saith, that such was the cruelty of those that murdered her
husband, that after they had hanged him up they cut his head from
his body and stabbed him with skeans. And that one Friar John,
who was one of the principal murderers, took hold of her husband's
leg while he was hanging, saying, ' Go tell the devil I sent thee to
him for a token.' And the same rebels did commonly say that tlie
Protestants were to be all crushed. And this deponent saw one
who termed himself to be the priest of Carrickmacross sprinkle
water on and christen anew one Francis Williams, of Carrickmacross,
and his wife, who were formerly Protestants, but turned to mass, ho
further saying they could not be Christians until they were so
christened. And the rebels before her husband's death prest him
much to turn to mass, but he told them he would die in his own
religion.

Denney Montgomery +
Jurat, nth November, 1642,
John Watson. Eandal Adams.

Wm. Aldricii. Ed. Pigott.

Hen. Brereton.

DErosmoNS. 29

CXXXVIII.

John Joice, Vice-Constable of the Black Castle, of Wicklow,
sworn and examined, saitli, that since the beginning of tliis present
rebellion, and by means thereof, he was deprived of his goods and
chattels hereafter expressed, viz. upon and from his farms of-
Greenane and Ballinowle, in the county of Wicklow, and within
Wicldow aforesaid, of beasts and cattle worth lOOL, horses worth
801. , sheep worth 26L, neAV tanhouse and bark worth IQOL, in his
haggard of corn and hay lOOL, hogs, rents, owing by tenants that
are now in rebellion, 15L, by those rebels following, Luke Toole of
Castle Kevin, Tiegue Oge Birne of Ballinvallagh, Esquire, an
ancient traitor in the time of Queen Elizabeth, Brian Birne of
Killnamonagh, gent., Walter Birne of Neuragh, gent., John McBrian
Birne of Ballhiater, gent., Luke Birne of Killwanagh, gent., James
Birno of TinwilUn, gent., William {illegible) of Ballireagh, Brian
McDonogh of IJehanagh, Donogh Commian of Kilnemanagh, gent.,
Thomas Archbold of Wicklow, gent., Alexander McDonell of the
same, gent., John Coghlan of Wicklow, gent., all of the county of
Wicklow, Patrick Bane O'Cullen, James McOwen Doyle, Owen
Doyle, a butcher, Edmund O'Cleary, Art McShane, Gerrot McShane,
Shane O'Cleary, Michael Bassmore, Brian McArt, Edward McBrian,
Tirlogh Birne, Nicholas Doyle, Turlogh Doyle, Harry Barnewall,
Eichard Barnewall, Patrick McDermot, James Corley, Nicholas
McBroder, Henry White and John his son, Tadey Newman, Eichard
Hore, Shane McEdward, Thomas White, James White, Wilham
Mcllderry, Edward Connell, Shane IMcMurrogh, Edward and Peter
White, Fitz Andrew; Eichard Kinn, Edward Duffe, WiUiam McDer-
mot, John McDermot, Tiegue O'Cullen, Hugh O'Eonon, Eichard
O'Eonon, Laughlin O'Eonon, Patrick and Nicholas O'Eonon, Walter
White, Eichard Cottner, Gillernow Cottner, John Toole, William
Kearny, James McEichard, Henry Bronocke, James McDermot, Don-
nell Eoe Slater, Nicholas ]\IcMurtagh, George Sherlock, Laughlin
McTirlagh of the town of Wicklow. And further saith, that Oliver
Masterson in the county of Wexford, gent., James Fullam of the city
of Dublin, shoemaker, Tiege McDonnell Enos, Tirlagh MacGerald,
who are now in actual rebellion, were and are indebted to this depo-
nent in several sums amounting to 881. is., and by means of their
being in rebellion he hath lost the same.

And this deponent further saith, that Thomas Mullinex, gent.,
now resting by commission in the castle of Wicklow, told this dcpo-

30 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF KUl.

iient, and so have others whom this deponent gives credit unto hke-
wise informed him, that Philip Birne of Barnasoile, in the comity
of Wicldow, gent., son-in-law to Mr. Edward Leech of the Grange
near Wicklow, was, about seven weeks since, by or by the means of
the said Mr. Mullinex, apprehended in Dviblin for partaking with
the rebels, and especially for writing a letter to him and this depo-
nent for delivering up the castle of Wicklow unto the rebels. And
that the said Philip Birne was brought before Sir Cliarles Coote,
and there examined and committed, and threatened to be hanged,
but how he was enlarged this deponent knoweth not. Howbeit, by
some means he hath gotten fi-esh liberty, and at or about the Gth
or 7th of April last this deponent received another letter from him,
which followeth in these words, \'iz. —

Mr. John Joice. — So it is, though (as) you partly know, I intend to

assault the Oastle of Wicklow, hefore I depart, I do not desire to take the

lives of any Christian, so I desire you and the rest to prepare yourselves

to serve God, so I rest

Yours as you deserve it,

Philip Birne.

Which letter this deponent received about the 7th of April afore-
said, 1642, which letter was thus endorsed, * To John Joice and the
rest in the castle of Wickloiv.' And afterwards this deponent re-
ceived a letter from the said Luke Birne, colonel of the rebels, thus
directed, viz. ' To my loving and respected friend Mr. John Joice,
and the rest of the gentlemen in the castle of Wickloiv, these.'

CoiniTEGUS GENTLEMEN. — It is Dot unknown to men of your litteration
{sic) and experience, that it is no perfect point of Christianity that men
should, in scorn of other Christians, rather untimely perish hetweeu hope
and despair than yield to many well-disposed men of note, as many other
gentlemen of your country have done and some to myself, for which they
received the benefit of faithful promises faithfully performed to their
content in the present, and ever shall, by God's grace subsisting, which
gentlemen like (illegible) and quarter of goods and lives shall j'ou receive,
with all sufficient security of performance, if it shall please God Almighty
to mollify your hearts, no longer to stand in your own light, and to listen
with attentive ears to your own good and safe desires, wished by your
true and aflectionate friend to do you service ; in expectation of your
answer I rest.

Lttke Birne.
April 2Gtk, 16J2.

Since which time this deponent received another letter, delivered
mito him about the last of April, 1G42, from the said Walter Birne,
thus directed, ' To Mr. John Joice and the rest of Jiis company.'

DEPOSITIONS. 31

Mr. John Joice. — Being not otliorwise employed, I am bold to write
to you and the rest of my ueigliljours here with you ; we were not wont
to be so long in one town, but we drank and made merry together. For
my part I am here since the day that Thomas Marcor was killed, who I
protest should not be killed if I were present ; in the meantime, I gave
way to others to send letters to you, which I know to be no great purpose.
But if you were in that mind or in that want whereby that you would
leave that place, which I know to be no pleasant place for you, my word
should be as (illcqible) as any man's in the country. I will not threaten
you, nor tell j'ou of anything that is like to befall you, for I know you
would not bolievo it, but I will toll you some news, that you may believe
if you please. The English army took the castle of Oarrigmaino on Sunday
last, was sinnoige (sic) and killed fourteen men, that were warders there,
and many women and children. But there was killed of the English Sir
(illegible) the colonel, his lieutenant, five captains, and 200 soldiers. So
I rest yours as you are mine,

Walter Birne.

2,th April, 1642.

Notwithstanding which letters, and the often assaults and
attempts of the rebels aforesaid, whereby some of the people of the
castle perished, the castle was not taken, but the enemy from time
to time repulsed by his Majesty's small number of soldiers there.
And this deponent further saith, that the rebels ni the town of
Wicklow have burned, pulled down, and destroyed 23 of this
deponent's houses or tenements in Wicklow, upon one of which
this deponent «pent IGOL in buildings, by which burning and
spoiling this deponent hath lost to the value of 500/. And this
deponent hath afterwards been despoiled by the rebels of corn in
the ground worth 40/., and there is now due unto him by one
Dudley Birne of Ballinmacshannon, who is now in rebellion carrying
arms against his Majesty and his loyal subjects, and therefore this
deponent maketh accompt that he shall lose by the same 10/.
sterling. And this deponent is also expelled from, deprived and
forcibly dispossessed by the rebels of his lands of inheritance lying
in the Eanelagli worth 40/. per annum, whereof one year's profit is
already lost, and this deponent is like to be deprived of their future
profits until a peace be established. So as his present losses by
means of the rebellion come to 1,102/. 45. and his future loss to 40/.
per annum as aforesaid.

Jurat. Idth AucjJist, 1G42,
John Watson.
Wm. Aldkich.
Hen. Breeeton.

John Joyce {sic).

32 THE IRISH massacres of igii.

Note.

John Joyce held the Black Castle of Wicklow, the ruins of which
I believe still remain, for three years after he mailo this deposition,
until the rebels, despairing of being able to take it by force or per-
suasion, obtained admittance by treachery and sot it on fire, when
the brave warder perished in the flames. From Byrne's letter it is
evident that Joyce had Kved on good terms with his neighbours in
times of peace, but when they went into rebellion he was their
stoutest opponent, until the Black Castle became his funeral pyre.
(See the trial of his murderers hereafter given.)

CXXXIX.

Edward Deane, late of Oghran, in the county of Wicklow,
tanner, sworn, saith, that on or about the firstday of November last
he was by the rebels robbed and despoiled of his goods to the value
following : of corn worth lOL and above, of beasts, garrons, and sheep
worth 1001. , household goods worth above 20Z., leather and bark worth
250Z. , wearing apparel worth lOZ. , in all 380Z. And this deponent and
his wife and seven children were expulsed from their house and his
farm at Oghran aforesaid, whereof he had a lease fi-om Captain
Bryford for 48 years in being under the rent of '61. per annum, his
interest therein being worth 1001. And for another lease of 29
years in being of a farm in Tennekilly in the same county, whereof
his interest was worth '2.01. at least. And that the parties that so
robbed him were Luke Toole of {illegible), ^Yit\nn the county "Wicklow
colonel of 500 rebels, Luke Byrne of Killarlonon, in the same
county, gent., captain of 100 rebels, John MacBrian, the son of
Brian MacPhelim, gent., Turlogh MacIIugh Duffe, lately resident
with Mr. Job Ward of Knockreagh and steward of his court, another
captain of 100 rebel soldiers, and about 500 others in their company
and under their command. And that divers of those rebels said they
were the queen's soldiers, and fought for her, and they made a
proclamation that all the English men and women that did not
depart the country should be hanged, drawn, and quartered in 21
hours, and that the houses of the Irish that kept any English
children should be burned. And afterwards the same rebels, or
some of them, did murder and hang one Edmund Snape, and
Thomas Hanpath, smith, and others, being Enghshmen. And
further saith that the rebels about the same time did prey and

DErOSITIONS. 33

despoil the said Captain Byford, Nicholas Bretxiay, Thomas Holman,
Clemence Stephens, widow, David Stanhope, Peter Deane, Thomas
Walton, James Shuttleworth, and Stephen Sandes, all this de-
ponent's neighbours, and English people, and their wives and
families, of their goods and clothes. And the rebels burnt two
Protestant bibles, and said it was hell fire that burnt, and burnt all
this deponent's rescripts, bonds, and leases.

Edward Deane.
Jurat. 1th Jan. 1G41, cora nobis,

Roger Puttock.

John Watson.

CXL.

David Koch, of Dublin, labourer, duly sworn upon the Holy
Evangelists, deposcth and saith, that at the beginning of the rebel-
lion in Ireland he lived with Robert Kennedy, Esq., of Ballygarney,
as plowman. And saith, that he did then know John Leeson,
shepherd to the Earl of Mcatli, and Nathaniel Snape, sometime
servant to Mr. Silvester Kennedy, son to the said Robert Kennedy,
and that they were both English Protestants. He further deposeth,
that at the beginnnig of the rebellion aforesaid Colonel Luke Toole,
of Castle Kevin, in the said county, having the chief command of
the rebels there, entered into possession of the house at Ballygarney,
belonging to the said Robert Kennedy, Esquire. This deponent
further saith, that whilst the said Luke Toole was in the said house
he (this deponent) saw the said Nathaniel Snape and John Leeson
brought into the said house, as prisoners to the said Luke, by some
under his command, but their names he knowcth not. And about
a half an hour after he saw the said Nathaniel Snape and John
Leeson brought out of the said house, and carried to two thorn-
trees, near to the said house, and there hanged until they were dead,
and, as some of the soldiers under the said Luke Toole told this
examt., the same was done by directions of the said Luke. This
deponent further saith, that the said Snape and Leeson were, as he
believeth, hung because they were English Protestants, and he saith
that after they were dead he did help to bury them. And further
he cannot depose,

•David -f Roche.
nth Jan. 1G52,

James Donnelan. Dudley Loftus.

Thos. Dongan. Thomas Hooke.

VOL. II. • D

34 THE IRISH MASS ACHES OF 1011.

TJie said David Borke is botmd in 101. to give evidence against
Luke Toole for the aforesaid murder in the High Court of Justice
at Dublin, the first day of the sitting of that court, and not to depart
hence ivithout licoise, dc.

CXLI.

Luke Toole, of Castlekevin, in the county of Wicldow, aged
seventy-five years or thereabouts, examined before us, saith, that
at the beginning of the rebelhon he was summoned by Hugh
McPhehm Byrne, Lieutenant-General of the running army for the
Irish, to be at Ballygarny, to join with others of the Irish army
there, to give opposition to Sir Charles Coote, who about that time
with a party of the English army marched into the county Wiek-
low. He saith, that he being come to Ballygarney, found Phelim
McRedmond Byrne, who commanded in chief over this examt., and
the rest of the party at Ballygarney. He further saith, that he
coming in and entering into the said town of Ballygarney, there
was a man hanging upon a bush near the house of Ballygarney, at
which his horse started, and upon inquiry he, this deponent, was
told by some of the soldiers there that the man was a sheplierd,
but to whom he, this deponent, cannot now remember, nor doth he
know the man's name, nor whether he were English and Protestant.
He saith that he did not give any order for the hanging of the said
shepherd, or any other person at Ballygarney, neither doth he
know of any other that gave an order for the hanging of any one
there, nor doth he know of any other man that was hanged there.
He saith he doth not know of any Englishman or Protestant being
brought into the said house at Ballygarny, before him, this de-
ponent, or any other person, he, this deponent, and the rest of his
party having gone away early the next morning, after his coming
there as aforesaid, to meet the said Sir Charles Cooto. Ho furtlior
saith that ho neither saw or knew John Leeson or Nathaniel
Snape.

Lu. Toole,
^Ith Jan. 1G52,
James Donnellan. Thos. Hooke.

Isaac Dobbon. Dudley Loftus.

Thos. Donqan.

DErOSITIONS. 35

CXLII.

Elizabeth Leeson, late of Delgany, in the county of Wicklow,
widow, sworn, deposetli and saith, that since the beginning of the
present rebelHon, viz. about a month before Christmas last, her
late husband, John Lisson {sic), late of Delgany aforesaid, was
hanged at Ballygarney, in the county of Wicklow, by Morgan
McEdmund and Brian of the Killory in the said county, and Brian
Fynn of the Doune in the said county, yeoman, as this examt. was
informed, and as they both confessed afterwards to this examt.
herself. And further saith, that ever since her said husband's
death she lived with John Walshe of Killenargy, with whom her
said husband formerly lived, and that about three weeks before
Easter the said Morgan McEdmmid and Brian Fynn, with two
others, whose names she knoweth not, came to the said John
Walsh's house, he and his wife being absent, and from thence
violently took her to Ballygarney, in the said county, to one Captain
Toole, a commander of the rebels, and to George Hacket, then
marshal there, who threatened to hang this examt., except she
could procure security to be true to the Irish army, and thereupon
sent her to Arklow gaol, where she had been committed in a most
miserable manner, but that one of their commanders there, whose
name she knoweth not, took pity on her and let her go abroad, by
means whereof she escaped, and coming to Dublin was several
times on the way threatened to be hanged by the rebels, and at
Bolton Hill, in the said county, upon Monday in Easter week,
several rebels, whose names she knoweth not, took her and put a
rope about her neck and tied her up to a gallows, until she was
almost hanged, but afterwards took her down and said she should
not be hanged but shot to death, which the said rebels would have
done, but that their chief commander sent her away, after he had
sworn her not to go near the English army. And she further
saith, that before her said husband was hanged as aforesaid, they
were robbed of cows, horses, household goods, provisions and
clothes, besides clothes which she had to leave at Mr. Walsh's
house, when she was taken away from thence, to the value in
all of 561., all which were taken from her by the said Morgan
]\IcEdmund, Brian MacFinn, and Philip O'Eeilly, near about the
Killory aforesaid, and others whose names she knoweth not.

Elizabeth Lisson (sic).
Jurat. 21st April, 1642,

William Hitchcock.

William Aldkich. v 2

36 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGJl.

CXLIII.

George Twelly, sworn and examined, saitli, tliat at the
beginning of the rebelhon, and about a quarter of a year before, he
served Dean Bartley, of Truaglitown, in the county of Monaghan, and
that on the rising of the rebellion one Neil MacCannan possessed
himself of the Dean's house, and took him prisoner, together with
about fifty or three score English and Scots, men, women, and
children, all of the said Dean's family and tenants, and about a
month after, he, the said Neil MacCannan, conveyed the said Dean
to Enniskillen, and promised to protect the servants and the rest of
the said family and tenants with him at Truaglitown, which he ac-
cordingly did for the space of three-quarters of a year, about which
time Sir Phelim O'Neil and many more rebels in his company came
to Truaglitown, to make merry, as this examt. then surmised, who
perceiving so many English and Scots there, he, the said Sir Phelim,
uttered words to this effect in English ; ' Cozen {sic) Neil MacCan-
nan, I wonder you keep so many English and Scots about your
house.' ' Why,' said MacCannan, ' they he poor servants of the Dean's
and I keep them under myself, you need not fear what they can do,
poor things, they had rather have a hit of meat than to do any mis-
cJiicf against you or I.' Sir Phelim replied, ' I desire that you
make away with them, for they may do mischief hereafter, if their
army should he near us, and any escape from you.' Then said
MacCannan, * J have kept them. Sir Phelim, so long, that I am
loath to see them suffer death noiv.' Sir Phelim hastily made
answer again, * Plague on them I ' or some such reviling words, ' set
out all your guards, and let me see afire made for them hefore I go
hence I ' ' No I ' said MacCannan, ' Ituill not,' and thereupon some
difference about it seemed to arise betwixt them, and Sir Phelim
told MacCannan that he might be assisting at his own death in
keeping these servants alive, and MacCannan then said, that not-
withstanding that, he would protect them, and did so accordingly.
That this discourse, or the substance of it, this examt. was ear-
witness of himself, being one of the servants of the said Dean, when
he was a prisoner under the aforesaid MacCannan, And further

saith not.

George Twelly.
Taken hefore us [illegihle], 1G52,
R. Tigiie.
R. Ryeves.

DEroSlTlONS. 37

CXLIV.

Anne Shebring, late wife of John Slierring, of the territory
of Ormond, at the Silver Works, in the county of Tipperary, aged
about twenty-fivG years, sworn and examined, deposeth and saith,
that about Candlemas was two years ago, the said John Sherring,
her then husband, going from his farm which he held from Mr.
John Kennedy, Esq., near to the Silver Mines, one Hugh Kennedy,
one of the brothers of the said John, a cruel rebel, with a great
number of Irish rebel soldiers, then and there forcibly assaulted and
set upon her said husband, and upon one John Brooke, William
Loughlin, and eighteen more English Protestant men, and about
ten women and four children in their company, and then and there
first stripped them of their clothes, and then with stones, pole-axes,
skeans, swords, pikes, darts, and other weapons most barbarously
murdered and massacred them all ; in the time of which massacre a
most loud and fearful noise and storm of thunder and lightning,
Avind, hailstones, and rain began, the time being on a Sabbath day,
about an hour before night, the former part of that day being all
very fair. But that thunder, lightning, and tempest happening
suddenly soon after the massacre began, much affrighted and terrified
this deponent and many others, insomuch that those very murderers
themselves confessed it to be a sign of God's anger, and a threatening
of them for their cruelty, yet it restrained them not, but they per-
sisted in their bloody acts till they had murdered her husband and the
rest of these Protestants, and had hacked, hewed, slashed, stabbed,
and so massacred them that they were all cut to pieces, her husband
for his part having thirty grievous wounds then and there given
him, some near or through his heart, some mortal wounds in his
head, some in his belly, and in cither arm four wounds, and the
rest in his back, logs, thighs, and neck. And that murder done,
those barbarous rebels tied withes about the necks of those mur-
dered and drew them out of the refining mill, where they slew them and
threw them all or most of them into a deep hole, formerly made, one
upon another, so that none of those men, women, and children
escaped death ; liowbeit, one Thomas Laddell, a Scotchman, and
Thomas Wallop, who then and there received many grievous wounds
and had been left on the ground for dead, crawled up, after the
rebels were gone away, and with much difficulty escaped with their
lives. And further saith, that such was God's judgment, upon the

38 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

said Hugh Kennedy, for that bloody act, that he fell into a most
desperate madness and distraction, and could not rest day nor night,
yet coveting to do more mischief on the English, but being pre-
vented and denied to do it, he about a week after drowned himself
in the next river to the Silver Works. But his barbarous and
wicked soldiers went on in their wickedness, and afterwards bragged
how they had killed a minister and his wife and four children near
the city of Limerick. And this deponent is too well assured that
those and other Irish rebels in that part of the country executed
and committed a great number of bloody murders, robberies, and
outrages, against the persons and goods of the Protestants, so as
very few escaped with their lives, and none at all saved their goods.
And further saith, that all the Popish gentry in the country there-
abouts, especially all those of the septs and names of the O'Brians,
the Coghlans, and the Kennedys, were all actors in the present re-
bellion against his Majesty, and either acted or assisted in murders,
robberies, cruelties, and rebellions aforesaid. And she further saith,
that by means of the said rebellion her said husband and she were
in Ormond aforesaid, about Candlemas 1G41, robbed and stripped of
goods to the value of lOOL at the least. And that the said John
Kennedy, being their landlord, was the man that so deprived them
thereof, and the other rebels stripped her.

Anna + Sherring.
Jurat, coram nobis, 10th Feb. 1643,

Hen. Jones.

Hen. Brereton.

Note.

Several depositions were taken about the murders at the Silver
Mines. Amongst others William Timms, gentleman, sworn before
Jones, Brereton, and Aldrich, on the 26th of May, 164.5, deposed,
that he was made prisoner by the Irish and that he and his
wife and children were robbed and stripped. He confirmed Mrs.
Sherring's statement as to the murders and the mangling of the
unburied corpses, and he goes on to relate how either through
inability or disinclination to punish the murderers, they as usual
escaped serious punishment.

'After the cessation proclaimed in October, 1643, this de-
ponent coming from Cork to Sir George Hamilton's house, where
he had sent his wife and children before him, he stayed there
and at the Silver Mines until about the 14th of January, 1644,

DEPOSITIONS. 39

wlien there came directions from the Supreme Council at Kilkenny
unto the said John Kemiedy of Dounally, to apprehend and
bring into prison the persons of all those that committed the
said murders at the Silver Mines. Whereupon the said John
Kennedy apprehended and carried to prison all the known
murderers saving his brother Hugh, who had before that time
drowned himself, and one Hugh O'Coghy, who was servant to
himself, the said John Kennedy, which said Coghy, whether to
prevent some confession and discovery of hia said master's
wicked acts, or to preserve him, the said Coghy, to act more
mischief, this deponent cannot tell, he, the said John Kennedy,
did not or would not apprehend, but rather sent or suffered him
to go away, and stay mitil the danger was passed over, amongst a
wicked company of priests and friars. And when the other persons
so apprehended and imprisoned for that foul massacre aforesaid
had been imprisoned for some time, and slightly questioned for
the fact, then they were either suffered to escape, or set at liberty
and so came home again. And then the said Coghy returned
home unto his said master's house, where he was entertained
and harboured as formerly, served and attended his master, and
for anything this deponent knoweth to the contrary he doth so
still, without being punished for his wicked acts.'
Another witness, John Powell, sworn and exammed on the
15th of July, 1G45, confirmed the truth of Mrs. Sherring's and
Mr. Timms' depositions, adding that when John Clark was mur-
dered at the Silver Mines, his wife flung herself on her knees
before Hugh Keimedy crying out, ' I have but a shilling left, but
I ivill give it to you to save my child I ' on which he took the child
by the legs, ' dashed out its brains against the stones, and then
his followers ripped up the woman, who was great with child, and
murdered her with the rest.' {MS. Depositions, Tipperary, T.C.D.
p. 407.) See the royalists' and Catholics' account of the massacres
at Cashel and Silver Mines and the fate of the murderers hereafter
given.

40 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

CXLV.

GiLBEET Johnston, late of the town of Casliel, parish of Cashel,
within the county of Tipperary, husbandman, duly sworn and
examined, deposeth and saith, that about the 1st of January last,
1641 (0. S.), this deponent was robbed and forcibly despoiled of
his goods, &c., to the value of 32Z., part consisting of debts due to
him by Papists now in actual rebeUion, as Philip O'Dwyer of
[illegible), and James Butler of Ballynahinch, in the county afore-
said. And further saith, that about the same time this deponent
and divers other English and Protestants betook themselves for
their safeguard into the city of Cashel, yet the mayor of the city,
James Sail, and the corporation of the same admitted the under-
named persons with forces and arms to enter the same, namely
Philip O'Dwyer aforesaid, Charles O'Dwyer, James Butler of
Ballynahinch aforesaid, they being accompanied by five hundred
or six hundred men, and having entered the said city, in a most
rebellious and inhuman manner they stripped the most part of
three hundred persons there, men, women, and children, Enghsh
Protestants. This deponent further saith, that at that time he and
to the number of forty more, young and old, in one company, being
all stripped as aforesaid, by the direction of the said parties were
in one flock stark naked driven to one of the gates of the city, and
then and there in a most barbarous manner, before they could get
out of the gate the said parties and their followers and servants
murdered John Linsay, clerk, Thomas Charleton of Cashel, sadler,
Mr. Carr, a schoolmaster of Cashel, and this deponent was
dangerously wounded in his head, arms, and thighs, and was left
for dead amongst the corpses under the gate, where he lay from
four o'clock in the forenoon until four in the afternoon, during
which time, it being then frosty weather, this deponent's body, after
he came to himself, was frozen to the ground with his own blood,
and the blood of those that were killed close by him, so that he had
much to do to loose himself from the ground. After this while,
and during the time that the murders and stripping were com-
mitted, the said Philip O'Dwyer {toni) stood in a window at the
said mayor's house, perceiving what was done. And after this
deponent recovered himself, m the way going to {illegible) was
apprehended by some of the said party's company, as he believeth,
and commanded to stand to a post, where they shot several shots

DEl'OSITIONS. 41

at him, to wrest a confession out of liim where his money was,
being before robbed and stripped of all that he had. Yet God
miraculously rescued him from them.

About the 3rd of January, aforesaid, this deponent, his wife,
and children went to Golden Castle, in the same county, to save
their lives, where two hundred persons, young and old, English
and Protestants, got themselves in for fear of the rebels, and were
afterwards closely besieged by Pierce Butler of Banslia, and divers
others of the gentlemen of that county, till towards Easter following,
the besieged having no relief for a long while, but a little oatmeal
and water, divers of them died, and at length the provisions being
spent, the survivors ventured to steal away by night, and coming
in the way towards the English quarters, in a place hard by
Closhguire, in the said county, were assaulted by the rebels, who
then and there cruelly murdered some of them, some others they
hanged ; this was in or about Easter last, the names of those that
were so murdered this deponent partly knoweth, namely James
Hook of Golden, aforesaid, tanner, George CrafFord and Jane his
wife, who was great with child, which child they took up and
tossed upon a pike, Anthony Patten of Ballygriffin, miller, and
his wife, James Guthrie of Ballygriffin, yeoman, and the names of
the rest he knoweth not, or doth not remember. He also saith,
that the said parties being come away from Golden Castle, the
wife of George Miller being then left sick, as soon as the rebels
entered, they dragged her out of bed by the legs down stairs, till

they knocked out her brains.

Gilbert + Johnston.
Jurat, coram nobis, 2Qth Feb. 1G42,
Phil. Bisse.
Thos. Bettesworth.

CXLVI.

Ellish Meagher, alias Jbanes, sworn and examined, 23rd
of August, 1642, saith, that she is aged thirty-three years, and is
the wife of Thomas Jeanes, of Captain Perry's troop in the Lieut.-
General Cromwell's regiment, and that she was formerly married
to Peter Palfrey of Cashel, and that she did nurse a child to Eobert
Brown of Cashel, in the year 1641. That at the latter end of
December, viz, the 31st of the month, 1641, Philip O'Dwyer of
{illegible) entered the town of Cashel, with a number of the Irish

42 THE imsii massacres of kwi.

in arms and plundered all the English and Protestants of the said
town, and the next day, the 1st of January, they fell a killing of
them, and murdered John Beane, innkeeper, with his hrewer and
tapster, whose name she remembereth not, Mr. Ealph Carr, school-
master, about eighty years old, Thomas Charleton, commonly called
Thomas Sadler, Eichard Lane and his two daughters, John Linsey,
Mr. Bannister, minister, a man who was a tyler and his wife great
with cliild, John {blank), a glazier's son, about eleven years of age,
Peter Murdoch and his child about seven years old, John Anderson,
an old woman about eighty years of age, and six more, whose
names this examt. remembereth not, but she saw them lie dead.
That she herself received eleven wounds, and many other women
and children were then and there wounded. That of the murderers
of the English, Eichard O'Molony, of Captain Patrick Boyton's
company, William Conway, John O'Herrick (stc), Thomas O'Gorman,
Eichard and William Fleming, James Minoge and others, were
afterwards killed or are since dead, whose names she remembereth
not, they being of the town of Cash el, as for others who also acted
in those murders and cruelties, she remembereth them not by name,
being strangers unto her and she knoweth not who wounded her.
That between thirty and forty women and children were then
stripped quite naked, and kept in guard together under the upper
gate, about three or four hours, and after the gate was opened, they
were sent out in frost and snow, naked, and betook themselves to
Moyldrom, two miles from Cashel, where they were entertained by
James Sail, until about ten days or a fortnight after they were
sent for to be returned to Cashel, by Colonel Philip Dwyer aforesaid,
then governor of the town, by whom they were committed to prison,
where the poor creatures were again stripped of the clothes they had
gotten at Moyldrinn, and the plasters that were laid on their wounds
were plucked off lest they should be cured. And that while these
women and children aforesaid were at Moyldrum, all the English
Protestants were cast into a dungeon at Cashel, being in water up
to their knees, and that they were sent away afterwards by a convoy
to Clonmell, which convoy was commanded by the said Captain
Patrick Boyton, and Pierse Boyton, his lieutenant, that three of the
said Protestants were by the said convoy killed, by John O'Herick
aforesaid, who killed theA and there the aforesaid glazier's son.
That some men followed the convoy, especially to kill Edward
Bourke, one of the said Protestants, whom they wounded, but he
was rescued by Eichard Conway of Cashel, who went with the

DEPOSITIONS. 43

convoy. That she, this examt., did see the said O'Herick afterwards
in the company of the said Boytons, and that neither of them did
hinder the said persons of their company from kilhng the English
in the way aforesaid. This examt. further saith, that one named
George {blank), an Englishman, was murdered on the way between
Ardmaile and Casliel, but by whom she knoweth not.

Ellish + Meagher.
Deposed before us,
the day and year above iV7'iUen,

Hen. Jones.

Char. Blount.

CXLVII.

The Examination of Nicholas Sall, of Casliel, taken the
2ith of July, 1G52.

This examt. swoni and examined, saith, he is aged forty-five
years or thereabouts, and further saith, that he is an inhabitant of
the town of Cashel, and was there resident on the 31st of December,
1641, when Colonel Philip O'Dwyer and his party did enter the
said city with about 2,000 men, and that so soon as they entered
they began to plunder the English and Protestants, bringing in all
their plmider to Mr. Beane's house, which was appointed as a store-
house for the said goods. And further saith, that the next morning
early they murdered divers English Protestants to the number of
fifteen or sixteen ; he further saith, he did not see those persons as
they were being murdered, but heard that they were murdered by
one James Eoche of Ballygrilfin, the sons of John MacMaglumagh
of Crossall, and Edmond MacDonagh and William MacShane.
And further saith, that Philip MacThomas O'Dwyer of Moorestown
cast a dart at one Mr. Bannister, smiting him in the leg as he was
running away to save his life, by which means he came to a stand,
and then they murdered him, as this deponent was credibly in-
formed, and that William MacPhilip of Ardmaile killed Thomas
Sadleir, as he was credibly informed, and further saith not.

Nicholas Sall.

Jurat, coram nobis,
Hen. Jones.
John Booker.

44 TIIIC IRISH MASSACRES OF KUl.

CXLVIII.

Edmund Spillane, of Cashel, aged about twenty years, deposeth,
that he was present when one Conogher MacShane Glas and liia
son murdered Mr. Francis Bannister, and took some of his money
away.

John Booker.
Nath. Willmer.
John Hacket,
Mayor of Cashel.
28th Aug. 1G52.

CXLIX.

William Power, of Cashell, sworn and examined, saith, that he
was at Cashel when Phihp Dwyer and his forces came thither, and
that he saw one Thomas Charleton murdered by WiUiam MacPhihp
O'Dwyer of Ardmoile, and that he also saw one William J3cano,
imikeeper, murdered by James Roche of Griffinstown, and that
when he was standing in the street Thomas Brown, cooper, was
murdered by the said Eoche, and that he was present when John
Dwyer of Knockgorman thrust with a naked sword at Mr. Beane,
the innkeeper's ostler, wherewith he wounded him, and further saith
not.

CL.

Joan Meagher, of Cashel, aforesaid, aged about thirty-five
years, being sworn on the Holy Evangelists, deposeth and saith,
that she saw Mr. Bannister and John Linsey murdered by some
of the party that came into Cashel, but their names she knoweth
not.

CLI.

Ellen IIanrahan, aged sixty years, deposeth, that she did see
one William McPhilip of Ardmoile murder Thomas Sadlier, and
that she did see four or five of the soldiers of the O'Dwyers murder-
ing John Linsey.

DEPOSITIONS, 45

CLII.

Catheeine Hooan, aged fifty years, deposefch, that she saw Mr.
Beane and his tapster murdered by some of the soldiers that came
into the town, whose names she knoweth not, but was informed by
divers of the neiglibours that Phihp MacShane of Kilhiamanagh
and his sons were the murderers.

CLIII.

Daniel Bourke, of Cashel, deposeth that he was present when
Thomas SadHer and Ealph Carr were murdered, and that Connor
FitzJohn Began of Poulvaly and Wilham MacPhihp of Ardmoile
woro tho chief actors in these murders. And further saith not.

Note.

The foregoing depositions of Spillane, Power, Meagher, Ellen
Ilanrahan, Catherine Hogan, and Daniel Bourke appear to be copies
of originals taken before Booker, Willmer, and Hacket, the Mayor of
Cashel, for the High Court of Justice in 1652-3. They are all un-
signed by deponents.

CLIV.

John IIacket, Mayor of Cashel, duly sworn and examined, the
24th day of August, 1G52, deposeth and saith, that he was an in-
habitant of Cashel, and there present when the rebels entered the
city aforesaid, being on New Year's Eve, 1G41, and that the chief
commander of the Irish party was one Phihp O'Dwyer, a colonel,
and with him there entered into the aforesaid town, Tiegue Oge
O'Meagher, Douogh O'Dwyer, brother to the said Philip ; Thomas
Purcell, brother to the baron of Loghmoe, Philip Magrath of Cluain,
in the Ormond ; Philip McThomas O'Dwyer, Philip MacTiegue
Eyan of Kippensally, Thomas Eoo Began of Clonulty, Hugh
McShane Began of Clonulty, James Eoche of Ballygriffen, the three
sons of Daniel MacMahounagh O'Dwyer of Crossall, James Bourke
of Scarte, and many others, whom this deponent knoweth not, all
of whom began the same day to strip and plunder the English
of that city, and cast them into prison, and the next day, being

46 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

New Year's Day, in the morning at the daybreak, they began to
wound and murder the said English, killing outright sixteen of
them, men and one woman, viz. Ralph Carr, William Beane,
John Linsey, Richard Lane, Thomas Charleton, Thomas Browne
Cooper, William Manifold, alias Captain Kerog, and his wife, Wil-
liam Bean's ostler, whose name this deponent romembereth not,
and further saith, that James Roche of Bally griffen, and the three
sons of Daniel MacMahounagh O'Dwyer of Crossall, Thomas Roe
Ryan, Hugh MacShane Ryan, aforesaid, Brian Carney of Tief-
knockan, were the chief actors in the murder of the Protestants afore-
said, and further saith, that Edmund McRoas O'DAvyer of Knockgor-
man, Owny MacCollum and Thomas McWilliam Dwyer of the same,
were then keepers of the magazine, and John Dwyer of Gurtonaske,
Philip Magrath of {illegible) in Ormond, Tiegue Oge O'Meagher,
Donogh O'Dwyer, Thomas Purcell, Philip MacThomas Dwyer,
Philip MacTiegue Ryan, and James Bourke aforesaid, were some of
the chief murderers, and further saith, that James Roche aforesaid
bragged that he had revenged the death of his wife, by killing two
of the English with his own hands, and Philip MacShane being
slain by some of Captain Peisley's troop, the son of the said Philip
made his brags that he had revenged the death of his father, for that
he had killed twice as many of the English in Cashel, and that he
had killed Thomas Charleton, for that he, the said Charleton, was
one of the troop under the command of Captain Peisley, and that
he heard it was he (Charleton) had killed his father. And further

saith not.

John IIaoket,

Deposed before us, the day and Mayor of Cashel.

year first above ivritten,
Hen. Jones.

Jo. BOOKEK.

CLV.

DoNATus O'Connor, late of Ardtramon, in the county of Wex-
ford, clerk, duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that
since the beginning of the present rebellion, viz. a week or there-
abouts about All Hallowtide, 1641, this deponent was by the rebels
at Ardtramon and Castlebridge in the same county deprived, robbed,
and otherwise despoiled of his means, goods, and chattels, to his
present loss of 120Z., and of the rents and profits of the church

DEPOSITIONS. 47

livings worth 200Z. yearly, but who they were that so despoiled him
he cannot tell, since at that time he had fled for safety of his life to
the town of Wexford, where he stayed two days, until his wife,
children, and family came to him, and afterwards he and they
stayed there until about the 1st of March, subsisting principally on
the means they had from friends in the country thereabouts, and
then by, or by the means of, Nicholas French, and other priests
and friars there, he, this deponent, because he w^as a Protestant
minister, was put in prison in a most dark, odious, loathsome
dungeon, exceedingly fraught with the ordure of former prisoners
imprisoned there, which dungeon indeed hath killed him indeed, as
he knoweth, but that God gave him strength and power to survive
and overcome that heavy calamity, and yet there the deponent
endured restraint until about the 1st of July following, at which
time the great God, his sure deliverer, gave him a way to go from
thence by the warrant of the Lord Mountgarrett, and the Lord
Gormanston, and others of the rebellious council at Killkenny to
appear before the said comicil, in which town he stayed for three
months longer, viz. July, August, and September, and part of the
j)resent month of October, when the rebellious party often endea-
voured to seduce or draw him from the Protestant religion to mass
and the Popish religion. But he, this deponent, by the help of
God continued constant in his true religion as a Protestant, and
endured his misery, restrahit, and want, which was very much, with
the fitting patience of a true Christian. And Avithin that time he
was greatly taxed with malice and plotting against them, the said
rebels, especially by one Mr. Hore of Killsallaghan, in the county of
Dublin, Esq. (one of their grand council), for writing a letter in his,
this deponent's, own blood to his father in England, which letter the
rebels intercepted, pen and ink being denied him, and for other acts
against them. And whilst this deponent was in restraint in Kil-
kenny, he observed by general report that seven heads of Pro-
testants, whereof one was that of Mr. Bingham, a minister near
Ballinakill, in the Queen's County, were cut off, and brought by
the rebels to Kilkenny, where a gentlewoman of the rebels, in her
malice, drew out a skean and stabbed the said Mr. Bingham's head
through the cheeks. And further saith, that whilst this deponent
was at Kilkenny, the great councillor men that sat there, with, for,
or amongst the rebels were, first the Lord Mountgarrett, the Lord
Gormanston, the Lord Netterville, Sir Edward Butler, Sir Richard
Butler, Pierce Butler of Monihore, in the county of Wexford, Esq.,

"48 THE IRISH massacijes of igii.

the said Philip Hore, Eichard Bealing, son-in-law to the said Lord
Mountgarrett, David Rowth (sic), titulary Bishop of Ossory, the
titulary bishop of Downpatrick, and divers other titulary bishops and
abbots whose names he Icnoweth not, and divers Jesuits and friars,
and amongst the rest one that called himself Sir Nicholas Shea,
who lately, as was generally there reported, came fi'om Eome, and
brought with him a great deal of ammunition to Wexford, and
that called himself the parson of Callan by jurisdiction from Rome.
And another, a Franciscan friar, by naine, as he styled himself, Sir
Eichard Synnot, was a rebellious councillor there. And one
Nicholas French, a seminary priest, who, being at Wexford, when
this deponent was a prisoner there, said, upon controversy concern-
ing the jurisdiction of the Church of Ireland, that if Charles,
meaning the King's Majesty, were there himself, he would not
give him an inch of right over the Church. For that he, meaning
the King's Majesty, hath no power over it, or words to that effect.
And saith, that the said French and Synnot, being at Wexford in
the beginning of the rebellion, when the state of Dublin had sent
gunpowder or other provision there, to be transported to Dun-
cannon, they undertook to convey it with their assistants, but they,
being the chief guides, they carried it to the rebels there, being
about two or throe barrels of powder, with shot and match. And
further saith, that the rebels from time to time divulged that the
cause of their insurrection was, that ten thousand at least of the
Protestants in England and Ireland had put their hands to a note
to hang all the Papists at their own doors, unless they came to
church within a short time afterwards, and so would excuse their
rebellion and bloody acts comniittod. And therefore, they alleged,
it was time for them to prevent the danger the Puritans intended
to do them. And saith, that this deponent was told by an Irish
captain, who came lately out of France, that the Romish priests
sent from Dublin by the State as banished men, not long after their
arrival beyond sea, falsely and publicly divulged, or caused to bo
divulged, over France and Spain, that the English had committed
divers outrages and cruelties in Ireland upon the Romish Catholics,
namely, ripping up women great with child, throwing children
into the fire, and other supposed barbarous cruelties, which this
deponent is assured the rebel Irish in this kingdom were guilty of,
and manually exercised against the Protestants. And further saith,
that the rebels frequently protested that the Lords Justices and
Council here, and all that took their parts, or the part of the

DEPOSITIONS. 49

Parliament of England, were notorious rebels. And saith, that the
rebels have often, in this deponent's hearing, commonly observed
that they would not if they might be pardoned, and every one called
home to his own living, submit, unless that all the church lands
and livings of Ireland were restored to the Eomish Church, and that
they might enjoy their religion freely, and that the Protestant
religion might be rooted out of the kingdom, and the Church of
Rome restored to its ancient jurisdiction, powers, and privileges,
within this kingdom of Ireland. And the rebels also publicly and
frequently villified the Protestant religion, and all Protestants, and
said that the priests formerly banished should return to Ireland.
And this deponent hath been credibly and secretly told, that he
hath been put to death by the rebels, if they had had a competent
luimber of their bishops together, who would have degraded him
first, but because they had not he escaped with his life, as they told
him, ho having been formerly been a Eomish priest, but the light
of truth gave him power to become a Protestant. And this de-
ponent did still observe, that the Romish priests and friars did
frequently in their sermons and in other ways persuade the rest of
the Romish faction to extirpate and root out all the Protestants in
the kingdom. And saith, it was generally reported amongst the
rebels of Kilkenny that the Pope of Rome had engaged himself to
give 50,000^ per annum for the maintaining of the wars ui Ireland,
against the Protestants, so long as the said war should continue,
and that the rebels expended GO,OOOL more for their colleges and
religious houses to that end. And this deponent continued a
prisoner at Kilkenny, until within the present month. But then
the great God in whom he trusted offered him a way of escape.

DoNATUs O'Connor.
Jurat. 28th October, 1GI2,
Will. Aldkich.'
Hen. BiiEiiETON.

CLVI.

Robert Wadding, of Killstoune, in the county of Carlow, gent.,
duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that he was robbed
and despoiled of his sheep, cows, goods, and chattells by the Bagenals
of Dunleckny, the Byrnes, and Nolans, to the value of 2,835Z. 9s. 2d.
And this deponent further saith, that coming to Leighlin to make
inquiries for his sheep aforesaid, thinking the rebels to have de-
parted that town, at the house of one John Carron, this deponent

vol. II. E

50 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

was beset by ten or twelve of the rebels, armed with guns, pikes,
and skeans drawn, some they held at the deponent's throat, some
at his breast and back, and took his money from his pocket, likewise
his cloak and hat, and were unbuttoning his doublet, insomuch that
he verily thinks they would have stript him naked, but that Owen
Garkagh O'Birne in the interim came in and rescued this deponent
out of their hands, and procured this deponent his hat and cloak
again, whereat they were grieved, but durst not oppose him, he
being powerful amongst them, but they swore they would inform
against him that he was a protector of Protestants. However, they
would not let this deponent go until the said Owen O'Birne made a
solemn promise unto them he would not depart with this deponent
until he, the said Owen, had delivered him unto the priest to be re-
conciled, as they termed it ; who accordingly brought this deponent
to the house of Mr. Reynolds, where the priest of that parish, one
Butler, was so busied in giving absolution to the poor English
Protestant inhabitants thereabouts that this deponent had to wait
his leisure, and while he was so attending it, this deponent heard
him, the priest, before absolution given, tender to them an oath to
this effect, viz, that they should continue true and faithful subjects
to the king of England, and should honour and obey him in all
matters temporal, and that they should acknowledge the Holy
Church of Rome to be the true Church, and the Pope of Rome to be
supreme head of the Church of Ireland, and should honour and
obey him in all causes spiritual whatsoever. In conclusion, the
priest's leisure serving, he came to this deponent, and told him by
way of advice that his only course was to go to mass, and to hold
with them, and by so doing this deponent should get restitution of
all his goods that he had lost, and should live among them and
come to great preferment, if not, there would be no living in this
country for the deponent, for no Protestants must abide therein.
Whereupon this deponent seemed to take time to consider of the
matter, and desired a pass to Carlow, where he might have further
conference with Sir Matthew Roth concerning the same, which being
obtained, this deponent missed of going to Father Matthew Roth,
and betook himself to the Castle of Carlow, where the English
kept in hold, until he had the opportunity of coming to this city.

Egbert Wadding.
Jiirat. nth March, IQU,

Roger Puttock.

John Sterne.

DEPOSITIONS. 51

CLVII.

Anne Hill, wife of Arthur Hill of Hacketstown aforesaid in the
county of Carlow, sworn and examined, deposeth, that about the 7th
day of November last she lost from Hacketstown aforesaid three
cows worth six pounds, robbed from her by the hand of Pierce Grace
of Bordkillmore, in the county of Wicklow, as she is credibly in-
formed, who is now in rebellion, and who, accompanied by one
Maurice Bane, alias Birne, and others, this deponent divers times
since the beginning of the rebellion saw in Hacketstown, rifling the
houses of Protestants, among others robbing the house of John
Watson, Archdeacon of Leighlin. And this deponent further saitli,
that she lost from the lands of Killerlonagh, in the county Wicklow,
a mare worth 3^. ster., but by which of the said rebels she knoweth
not. And further saitli, that the said Maurice Banc, alias Birne, of
(illegible) in the said county of Wicklow, with certain other rebels of
the said county under the command of Luke Birne, robbed and
despoiled her of household goods to the value of 80/., and of 205. in
money, and drove her with her four small children from her house
and grounds Avhich she held in Hacketstown aforesaid, worth 301.,
and took away from her hay worth 30s. and of household provisions
worth 71. 10s. And she further saitli, that as she was coming to
Dublin, through the lands of Bordkillmore, in the said county of
Wicklow, she was assaulted by Mortogh Ewy (sic) of Hacketstown
aforesaid, and one William of Killolonagh, in the parish of Kiltegan,
county of Wicklow, accompanied with about nine or ten more, who
pulled off her back a young child of about a year and a quarter old,
and threw it on the ground and trod on it so that it died, and stripped
herself and her four small children naked, threatening to kill her
and drown them. And through the cold contracted by such usage
her other tlirce children are since dead.

Anne Hill +
Jurat. April llth, 1G41,

John Watson.

Wm. Aldrich.

CLVni.

Dame Ann Butler, wife unto Sir Thomas Butler, of Kathhelin,
in the county of Carlow, knight, and baronet, duly sworn and ex-
amined, deposeth and saith, that about St. Patrick's Day last and
since she was robbed and deprived of her lands, rents, goods and

B 2

52 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 10(1.

chattels, to the value following, by means of this rebellion, in
sheep, cows, oxen, young cattle and old, in breeding mares, saddle
mares, horses and other cattle, to the present loss of 1,542/. at
least. In corn in the haggard, the house, and the ground, which
by means of this rebellion she utterly despaireth to have any profit
by, to the loss of 1,412L In household goods, provision, and furni-
ture necessary for a house 832Z. 5s. 4.d. In plate 200/. at least, in
rents due from those that are rebels and from others that are un-
done by the rebellion 750/., and more. Money lent to Mr. John
Thompson, who by means of this rebellion is utterly disenabled to
pay lOOZ. Houses burnt, wasted, and depopulated 70/., so as this
deponent's losses by this rebellion amount to the sum of 4,90G/. 5s. id.
And this deponent further deposeth, that the parties that so robbed
and despoiled her were Sir Morgan Kavenagh of Clonmullin, in
the county of Carlow ; and Walter Bagenal of Dunleckny, Walter
Butler of Polestown, living in the county Kilkenny, Thomas
Daniels of Killeghan, the son of Oliver Costae, a captain of the
rebels, Ambrose Plunkett of {illegible), James Allen of Linkerstoune,
Turlogh Brian of {illegible), all these being freeholders, living in
the county of Carlow ; Tybot and Walter Butler of Tully, sons to
James Butler of Tully, in the county Carlow, who besieged this
deponent's house, with about six or seven hundred men, and in the
dead of night burnt the outer gate of her house, and at length with
great violence did approach and undermine the said house, so as
this deponent, her husband, and family were constrained to desire
quarter, and had only their lives promised. And after the rebels
had in this violent way entered, she and her husband, not being
able in any way to resist, the rebels set strict guard over them,
and brought them from their said dwelling unto the castle of
Leighlinbridge, where they kept herself, her husband, and children
for two weeks, and from thence conveyed them under a strict guard
to the town of Kilkenny. And there they were brought before the
Lord of Mountgarret, when Walter Bagenal and James Butler,
brother to the Lord Mountgarret, did use all means possible to
move the said Lord to put them all to death, alleging that they
were rank Puritan Protestants, and desperately provoking in these
words, saying, ' tJicre is but one ivay, we or they,' meaning' Papist
or Protestant must perish, to which malicious provocation the said
Lord Mountgarret would not hearken. And this deponent further
deposeth, that Walter Bagnall, with his rebellious company, appre-
hended Richard Lake, an English Protestant, and his servant, with

DErOSITIONS. 53

liis wife and four children, and one Eicliard Taylor of Leiglilin-
bridge, his wife and children, Samuel Halter of the same, his wife
and children, an Englishwoman called Jones, and her daughter,
and as she was credibly informed by Dorothy Eeinolds, who had
several times been witness of these lamentable particulars, that they
violently compelled another Englishwoman, who was newly delivered
of two children in one birth in her great pain and siclmess, to rise
from her bed and took the mfant that was alive, and dashed out
its brains against the stones and afterwards threw him into the
river Barrow. And this deponent one day having a pioco of salmon
for dinner, Mr. Brian Cavenagh's wife being with her, she refused
to eat any part of the salmon, and being asked the reason, she said
she could never again eat any fish that came out of the Barrow,
because she had seen twenty-three Protestants and other carcases
taken up out of it. And this deponent saith, that Sir Edward
Butler did credibly inform her, that James Butler of Tenahinch
had hanged and put to death all the English that were at Goran,
and thereabouts, Jane Jones, servant to this deponent, going to
their execution, and as she conceived they were about the number
of thirty-five, and she was told by Elizabeth Humes that they
were all executed. And further saith, that being in restraint and
having intelligence that some of her own cattle were brought
thither by Walter Bagenal, she petitioned, being in great extremity,
the Lord Mountgarett to procure her some of her own cattle for
her relief, whereupon he recommended her unto the mayor and
corporation of Kilkenny, who concluded that because she and her
family were Protestants and would not turn to mass, they should
have no relief.

Ann Butler.
Jurat. 1th Sept. 1G42,
Fban. Pigott.
John Watson.

CLIX.

Sir Edward BuTLEB,'Knt., aged sixty-six or thereabouts, being
duly sworn and examined, saith, that about the 1st of May, 1642, there
came a company of James Butler of {illegible) and his servants with
others, armed, into the town of Graigue in the county of Kilkenny,
to search, as this examt. was informed, for his tenants, then in-
habiting the town, being English men and women, and there they
seized upon the bodies of John Stone, his wife and son, Walter

54 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lOJl.

Sliirly, witli others whose names he rememhereth not, who they
carried out of the town and hanged, some of them upon the lands of
{illegible) near Graigue ; tlie rest were carried furtlier hy Gibbon Fore-
stal, Garrett Forestal, Donogh 0' {illegible) now in Connaught, whither
he went with his master James Butler, and others whose names he
rememhereth not. And this examt. is confident that James Butler
was then at home in his house, but he doth not certainly know
whether Colonel Bagenal's wife was there or not, but saith that she
doth frequent the place and continue there sometimes two months or
thereabouts. He further saith, that soon afterwards he heard that
Morris Kelly with others brought divers English prisoners from
Gowran to Graigue, amongst whom was Henry White, tenant to this
examt., at which time there was there Edmund Butler, Sir Walter
Butler, Captain Shortall, and Captain John Butler, this examt. 's
son, and this examt. hearing that these prisoners were so carried
away, he sent his servant Andrew Barlow to use his utmost endea-
vour to save Henry White, by reason he was his, examt. 's, tenant,
who so prevailed with Colonel Edmund Butler, then commanding
in chief, that he got off the said White, and the rest, as lie heard,
were conveyed to Boss, and near to that place put to death, as he
was informed ; and that the said Kelly did convey them to Graigue,
and thence to the gates of Boss, and that he, this examt., sent his
said servant and another to mediate to save their lives. Being
demanded what he knoweth of the death of Richard Lake, he saith
he heard he was hanged, and further saith not.

Edward Butler, Knt.
Taken on the IBth August, 1G52, before us,

Hen. Jones.
. Hen. Stamer.

CLX.

Sarah Francis, alias Boulger, aged thirty-six years or there-
abouts, duly sworn and examined, saith, that she lived at the Graigue
at the beginning of the rebellion, and continued there five or six years
after. That she is the daughter of Barnaby Boulger of the Graigue,
and was formerly married to Walter Shirley of the Graigue, who
by his trade was a carver and joiner. That he, her said hus-
band Walter Shirley, did work with James Butler of Tennahinch
near the Graigue, and made up a gate for his house at Tennahinch.
That there then lived at the Graigue of English, John Stone, Robert
Pyne, William Stone, one John, servant to the said John Stone,

DEPOSITIONS. 55

Zacliary Pyne, a child of about a year and a half old, Joseph
Valenthie married to the examt.'s sister Katharine, and Walter
Shirley her husband, as before mentioned, Margaret Stone, wife of
John Stone, Margaret their daughter, then wife to Thomas White
of Goran, Barbara Pyne, wife of the said Kobert Pyne, and others
whom she, this examt., remembereth not. That Walter Bagenal,
Esq., now called Colonel Bagenal, was at Tennahinch about the
beginning of May, 1G42, where Avas also his wife, and Colonel
Edmund Butler was there also. And this examt.'s Imsband did
make some pistol and carbine stocks for Colonel Bagenal and others,
he being promised thereupon a protection to live quietly in the
country. And the said Shirley, this examt.'s husband, having
finished his work and brought it home, obtained from the said
Bagenal fifteen shillings for it, and a protection under the said
jliagenal's hand for his quiet living in the place. But before her
said husband could recross the bridge of Graigue on his way to his
house, he was followed by one fi-om Tennahinch to deliver back the
pass he had received, which he refusing to do he was brought back
to Tennahinch house, where it was taken from him, but by whom
this examt. remembereth not. The same day James Butler of
Tennahinch and the said Colonel Edmund Butler went from that
place on horseback ; this deponent did see them going, but did not
know that Colonel Bagenal was with them. The same night about
midnight Dermot O'Donoglme and Connor More, servants of James
Butler aforesaid, knocked at this examt.'s house, and she opening
the door, they entered and took away her husband, and the examt.
going forth found all the rest of the English taken out of their
houses and carried over the bridge of the Graigue by James Butler's
followers. That this examt., fearing some mischief to her husband,
went to Ballyogan to her landlord Sir Edward Butler, living about
a mile from the Graigue, to desire his assistance for preserving
her husband. That returning with a paper signed by the said
Sir Edward Butler, those persons in whose hands her husband was,
seehig her commg with the paper, hanged her husband forthwith, and
cut him down when he was so hanged before she, tliough making
all haste, could come to him ; that a little Avay from thence they did
also hang Joseph Valentine aforesaid, this examt.'s brother in-law,
his wife, this examt.'s sister, being then present, who came along
with this examt. from Ballyogan aforesaid, and overtook her husband
before he was hanged. Being demanded who of the Irish were present
at these executions and driving away of the English, she said that

56 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

she saw Garret Codd, Gibbon Forestall, and about ten more that she
knoweth not the names of. She further saith, that Jolm, the afore-
said servant of John Stone, was also lianged on the same tree that
her husband was hanged on and at the same time, and that John
Stone and the rest of the English were carried towards Ross, and
by the way murdered. She further saith, that the same day towards
evening, William Stone, son of Jolm Stone, working at the river
on a ship for Sir Charles Coote, was brought to the Graigue and
hanged on the same tree that her husband was hanged on. And
that one . . . Bennett of Ross came riding thither post to save
William Stone if he could, but could not prevail by reason of
Mrs. Ellen Butler, who tlien lived in the house of James Butler of
Tennahinch aforesaid, and opposed his saving said Stone. That this
examt. did that day see the said Bennett on horseback bareheaded,
and that she was told by others that he had neither cloak, band, or
hat on, through riding in haste to save the said William Stone.
She further saith, that she hath heard that Gerard Codd, Gibbon
Forestal, and a servant of Henry Bagenal's were present at the exe-
cution of the said Stone.

Saeaii Francis +
Deposed before us, IGth October, 1G52,

Thomas Herbert.

Hen. Jones.

Thomas WiijSOn,

Note,

James Butler of Tennahinch, mentioned in the foregoing deposi-
tions, was the younger brother of Lord Mountgarrett, who was the
father of three sons, viz. Edmund Roe, his heir; Edward of Urling-
ford, whose examination is hereafter given, executed in 1G53, like
Bagenal, for his share in the murders at Kilkenny in 1641-3 ;
Richard, also a captain in the Irish army in those years. Carte's
abstract of the missing portion of the Plunhet MSS. which Mr.
Prendergast copied for Colonel Plunket Dunne [v. ante, p. 107, note)
gives the following account of Bagenal's conduct, but it is shown
to be wholly untrustworthy on the vital point of his guilt by the
documents here printed for the first time : —

" When Colonel Bagenal," says Carte's MS., " was by the
Supreme Council made governor of the county Carlow, Mr.
James Butler of Tennahinch, brother to the Lord Mountgarrett,
was competitor with him for the place, and missing his aim,

DEPOSITIONS. 57

■ advised him to write a warrant to put William Stone to death.
Bagenal, just then turned of thirty (Butler about sixty), ordered
it. Butler advised the wife of the man who had Bagenal's order
to keep it carefully for preventing future danger. Bagenal when
a hostage ten years after was arraigned for this and other
murders in Lady Butler's deposition, who was summoned to give
witness against him, though the whole story was but hearsay
from one Dorothy Eeinolds, wife to a native of the country,
enemy to Bagonal, on account of his estate. Nor does she charge
Bagenal with the murder of the tliirty-fivo, and in her ovidonco
she deposed nothing of consequence against him at his trial,
so that he had been acquitted, if they had not arraigned the
wife of the man, as egging Bagenal thereto, who by his order
executed Stone. She (this woman) heroically sent for a friend
of Bagenal's and told liim, * Sir, your friend Colonel Bagenal
will be tried for the death of Stone, and I am imprisoned for
it, all they aim at from me is, to get the warrant my husband
had for his (Stone's) execution, thereby to charge Bagenal.
Here, take the warrant, carry it to Colonel Bagenal, my life
is not worthy to be saved where he is in danger, if he thinks it
will injure him let him burn it, I'll leave myself to God, if it will
do him no hurt, bring it to me again.' Bagenal after perusing
it returned it. It was thus ;

' Whereas proof is made before me that William Stone, a late
convert, hath lately and often resorted to the garrison of Dmi-
cannon with intelligence as a spy. These are therefore to re-
quire you to apprehend the said William Stone and him so appre-
hended to hang till he be dead,'

or words to this purpose. Bagnal though a hostage was tried and

put to death at Kilkenny, though he apprehended no guilt either

on evidence of the warrant or rather his own confession, and yet

so ill an opinion of their sentence {sic) that they sent in vain to

Leighlin Bridge for intelligence of Sir John Temple's thirty-five

murdered persons. As to Sir John Temple's charges against

Bagenal of designs agamst Lady Butler, &c., they needed only

to have left them to the rabble and it had been done." {Carte

Papers, Bodleian Library, pp. 418 et seq.)

The original pages of the Plunket MSS. of which the above

professes to be an abstract have long been lost or destroyed, so

that we have no means of testing its accuracy. But whether the

abstract be true or false the account it gives of Bagenal's conduct

58 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

and tlie charges on which he was condemned and executed is, as I
have said, shown hy Lady Biitler's deposition to be wholly untrust-
worthy. Plunket probably, and Carte certainly, were too blinded by
party prejudice to aclmowledge, what they must both have well known,
that no prisoner in the High Court of Justice was ever found guilty of
murder and executed for it, when he could bring reasonable proof
that the death of the person laid to his charge occurred in open war,
or that such person, man or woman, was adjudged by the rules of
such war a spy, and had been seized and sentenced to death while
acting in that capacity. A prisoner in the High Court, like Lord
Muskerry, as will be seen hereafter, was tried separately for each
murder of which he was accused. When he could prove that one
of these, say, four or five murders charged against him was really a
case of sentence of death against a spy, he was pronounced not guilty
of that charge and then the rest were heard in turn, and if they were
proved to have been murders of persons who had never acted as
spies, but lived peaceably and were unarmed, the prisoner was
pronounced guilty of murder and executed accordingly, although
he had been cleared of the guilt of the spy's death. Carte's
theory, which he would have us to take for truth, that the finding
of the warrant with the woman whose husband had hung William
Stone would have secured the condemnation of Bagenal, and saved
her and her husband, and that she acted ' heroically ' in sending it
to him, is untenable. The production of such a warrant as Carte
gives would have almost certainly procured a verdict of ' not guilty '
for Bagenal, the woman, and her husband, inasmuch as it distinctly
states that Stone was regularly employed as a spy against the Irish
army. The warrant which is in the books of depositions in Trinity
College differs somewhat from Carte's copy and is as follows : —

" Whereas proofs have been made before me that Mr. William
Stone {illegible) is a spy and hath of late resorted to Duncannon,
and that he would be a guide to the enemy to distress the country
and the inhabitants thereof, this order is given to apprehend the
body of the said William Stone, and having so apprehended him
to hang him, for which this shall be your warrant. Dated at
Tennahinch, May 2nd, 1642.

" Walter Bagenal."

It was often difficult to ascertain whether the person killed had
been really acting as a spy between the hostile armies. Prisoners
brought before the High Court endeavoured sometimes to prove by

DEPOSITIONS. 59

perjury that their victims were spies (knowing the result would
be a verdict of ' not guilty') when in fact they were nothing of
the kind, but inoffensive men and women, endeavouring to live in
peace, or to escape to Dublin or England. Some of the rebels, as
we have seen {v. Depositions IV. : XXII.), put a very wide inter-
pretation on the word spy and murdered or wished to murder those
poor fugitives, lost they should ' carry news to England ' or the
English army. The judges in 1652-4 had no easy task to ascertain
the truth in such cases, but the prisoners were allowed to make the
best defence they could, and call witnesses on their behalf. If
William Stone had never been hung, it is probable that Bagenal
would have been condemned on the evidence of Lady Butler, who
swore positively that he had urged Lord Mountgarret to murder
her and her husband. She may have been too willing to listen to
rumours, and may have been deceived by Dorothy Eeynolds and
Jane Jones, but she was an eye-witness and an ear- witness of what
she relates about Bagenal and James Butler, and no impartial per-
son will reject her testimony. Taken in] connection with the de-
positions of Mrs. Shirley, Morris Kelly, and others, the evidence
was quite enough to condemn Bagenal. Carte's observations on her
deposition are alike incomprehensible and absurd. The following
letter from Lady Butler to her brother-in-law, Brian Cavenagh, son
of Sir Morgan Cavenagh, is amongst the MSS. in Trinity College.
Lady Butler and Mrs. Brian Cavenagh were the daughters of Sir
Thomas Colclough of Tintern. The spelling of this letter, bad as it
is, is quite as good as that of many ladies of rank in both islands
between IGOO and 1780 :—

" To my loveing brother, Bryan Cavenagh, Esq.

" Dkati BiiOTiiER, — I am hartily groavcd for the troblo yow
are in, and do condoale with yow, as being one that hath felt it.
And now I was told by Bryan MacWilliam who came from the
county Carlow, that they will preasently apprend yow and com-
mitt yow to the Black Castle of Loughlin. Yow do not know
what may befall yow in it and I do think it is the saffer way for
yow to come hither, where my Lord of Mountgarret is, who I hope
will use yow no wors than he hath used us ; but he hath been
earnestly presed to take away my life by your unkle James and
Bagenal, but I thank God he refused it. So God grant yow may
find the same favor at his hands but yow must instantly heaste

60 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

away. Thus beseecbing tbe Ahnigbty God to direct yow to the
beste and to grant yow favor amongst them first,

" Yovir trewly lovemg sister,
" Ann Butler."

Brian Cavenagh's mother was tlie sister of Lord Mountgarret
and of James Butler of Tennahineh. From her marriage with Sir
Morgan Cavenagh (chief of the Slught Dermot) descends the present
Art MacMurrogh Cavenagh of Borris House, Carlow, formerly M.P.
for Wexford.

CLXI.

Elizabeth Ennis, alias Harris, aged fifty years or thereabouts,
sworn and examined, saith, that she laiew Edward Butler of Urling-
ford, second son to the late Lord Mountgarret, two years before the
rebellion began, and about a week after Easter, in the year 1G42,
this deponent with several others, to the number of eighteen men,
women, and children, were carried from Freshford to Ballyraggett,
by a company of foot soldiers, whom this deponent doth verily
believe were commanded by Captain Edward Butler aforesaid, who
was then in Ballyraggett, commander m chief of the castle and
company, and upon the application of Mr. Clerk and Mr. Byfield,
both of Parkscrone, English Papists, prevailed with the said Captain
Edward Butler to spare the life of this deponent, and one Anne
Deals, and this deponent's husband, who was horse-rider to the said
Edward Butler's father ; and this deponent was told by Mr. Clarke
and Mr. Byfield aforesaid that the said Edward Butler told them
that if he hanged his father's horse-rider, his father would hang
him ; whereupon the said horse-rider was saved, with his wife and
children, and being demanded by whose order the five English
Protestants who were then in prison in Ballyraggett with her, this
examt., were put to death, she saith, that the said Clarke and
Byfield told her that it was by Captain Edward Butler's order, and
she further saith, that she knoweth that the said Captain Edward
Butler durst not come into his father's, the late Lord Mountgarret's
sight, for his hanging of the said five persons.

Elizabeth + Ennis.
Sworn before us, the 5th Feb. 1G52,
EiCHD. Stephens.
(illegible) Evans.

DEPOSITIONS. 61

This examt. being furtlior asked whether the aforesaid five
persons were hanged, were thrown into a pit, and buried before
they were dead, she saith that she often heard from several persons
of credit that said they saw it, that they saw the persons that were
so hanged, as they lay in the pit, throw back the earth with their
hands upon the enemy, the persons that suffered thus being two
men, two women, and a boy.

CLXII.

Anne Bradford, aged about thirty years or thereabouts, duly
sworn and examined, saith, that she was born in Gowran, in the
county of Kilkenny, but descended from English parents, and that
she living in Gowran, with her parents, at the beginning of the
rebellion, that Walter Butler of Polestoune and Pierce Butler, son
to Sir Edward Butler, came to Gowran, and the places there
adjacent, and seized upon and took all the English inhabitants
they could find, and gathering them together put them into prison
in Gowran, where they continued a fortnight or thereabouts, and
afterwards took them and pretended to send them with a convoy
to Ross, and bound them two and three together, and that Morris
Kelly of Gowran aforesaid, being ensign to Captain Pierce Butler,
commanded the said convoy, who conveyed them within a musket
shot of Ross, and there left them, who were in number about thirty
or forty, young and old, as she thinks, viz. Thomas "White, this
examt. 's brother, her husband's father, mother, and sister, James
Bromfield, and his wife and three children, Arthur Scott and his
wife, one Thurston and divers others, whose names she remem-
bereth not. And saith, that after the convoy had left there, the
said Kelly went into Ross and presently after there came out of the
town of Ross seven or eight persons, with swords and batts in their
hands, and did drive them all below Ross for a mile to a woodside,
and there they murdered all these English, except this examt. 's
husband's sister, and her four children, but who these murderers
were or their names she knoweth not.

Anne f Bradford.

August , 1652, examined before us,
Hen. Jones.
Jo. Stamer.

G2 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

CLXIII.

The Examination of Morris Kelly, of Gowran, taTcen before us
this [blank) day of August, 1652.

This examt. saitli, that at the time of phmdoring, when the
rebellion first broke out, and he came out of [illegible] and was in
Gowran, and when Captain Pierce Butler raised his foot company
he was made ensign of it against his will, as he now allegeth, and
saith that about eight or nine weeks after he was made ensign, the
rendezvous being at Tennahinch, near the Graigue, he repaired
thither and then divers Englisli people, viz. Erasmus Bradliold,
James Blomfield, Arthur Scott, with divers others, men, women,
and children, to the number of 134 persons as he remembereth,
being then prisoners, brought from Gowran to Graigue, were de-
livered to this examt. by Colonel Edmund Butler, Major Kobert
Shortall, Captain Pierce Butler, and Sir Walter Butler, and James
Butler of Tennahinch, who were all present together, and saith
that Colonel Edmund Butler, then commanding in chief, com-
manded this examt. and gave him orders to receive the said English
into his charge, and to convey them to Boss, which he did, and
delivered the said order to Captain James Duffe, who there had the
command of a company of foot, according to the directions thereof,
which said Duffe was by the said orders commanded to convey
them to Duncannon ; but what the said Duffe did therein this
examt. knoweth not, but said that at the first he refused to receive
the said orders, but afterwards he took them ; and this examt.
saith he left the English prisoners at the gate of Boss, and at his
return in three days he heard that they were murdered, but by
whom he knoweth not. And further saith, that he received the
said prisoners bound, yet notwithstanding when he was marched
out of the commander's sight he unbound them.

The examt. being demanded why he did strike Alexander
Bradford and threaten that neither he nor any of his generation
should be living within a month, he denied that he struck the said
Bradford, or used any such threatening language. He further
saith, that after he heard that the English who were committed to
his charge, whom he safely conveyed to Ross, and left there, were
murdered, he laid down his arms and never bore arms after.
Examined before us, Morrish Kelly.

Hen. Jones. John Stamer.

DEroSITIONS.

CLXIV.

The Examination of Edmund Scott, of Balliraggctt, gent., aged
forty years or thereabouts, sivorn and examined saith.

That in the beginning of the rebellion he lived under Edmund
Butler, Esq., who was elder brother of Edward Butler of Urlingford,
Esq., and living in the town of Ballyraggett ; in the year 1641 [sic)
there was brought six or seven English Protestants, from Freshford
to Ballyraggett, by the said Edward Butler and his company, and
this deponent saith that there was a little boy amongst the prisoners
about sixteen years of age, that was going to be hanged, and the
mother of the said child, whose name this deponent knoweth not,
earnestly besought this deponent to beg for her son's life, where-
upon this deponent went presently to his own house, where the
said Edward Butler then was, and desired him that he would be
pleased to give the said boy's life to this examt., and that he would
keep him to be his servant, whereupon the said Edward Butler
said that he should have the boy, and sent a token to the Marshal
by this examt., that was then executmg the prisoners, but before
this deponent could return to the place of execution the boy was
hanged, and this examt., being asked what commander was then
in the town of Ballyraggett, at that time, saith he knew or hoard
of no other but the said Edward Butler. And further saith not.

Edmund Scott.
Taken before us, 31si Jan. 1G52,

EiCH. Stephens.

Aethur Bell.

CLXV.

The Examination of Edward Butler, of Urlingford, Esquire, in
the county of Kilkenny, taken before Colonel Thomas Herbert
and Bobert Doily, Esquire, members of the High Court of
Justice sitting at Dublin,

Who saith, that he hath lived at Urlingford in the county
Kilkenny for twenty years past or thereabouts, and that he is the
second son of the late Lord Mountgarrett, and that his eldest brother
is called Edmund. And being demanded if he Avas in that party of
GOO or 700 horse and foot, which his brother commanded, and

64 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

fought with, against four score Englishmen in the year 1G42, a
little before Michaelmas near to Ballinakill, in the county Kilkenny,
at which time that Irish party killed amongst others Lieutenant
Gilbert, Ensign Alfrey, Mr. Thomas Bingham, a minister, Eobert
Graves, Eichard Bentley, and others whose heads as a trophy of that
victory were sent to be set up at Kilkenny, a piper playing before
them ; he, the examt., saith he was not in that fight, but at his
own house at Urlingford, about ten miles from Ballinakill, but heai'd
of the Englishmen that were then killed, and that his cousin Walter
Butler was also killed there, and he, this examt., was at the burial
of the said Walter Butler the next day, his brother Edmund was
also at that burial. Being further demanded if he had not the
command of a foot company that year, or the year after, he said
that he had such command that year, and that so soon as that
fight aforesaid was ended, he laid down his command, and was not
in arms since, but continued at his aforesaid dwelling-house at
Urlingford, and hath not since meddled with any military employ-
ment.

Being demanded if he was governor of Ballyraggett in the year
1G42, and if any of his foot soldiers were quartered there, he saith
he never was governor there, nor did any of his foot live in that
place to his knowledge, but he confessed that he was in the town
of Ballyraggett about Easter after the rebellion broke out, and in
one Edmund Scott's house there. Being demanded if he saw any
English people brought prisoners into Ballyraggett at the time he
was there in Scott's house, he saith he did not that night hear
anything of them, but that next morning, being the next day of his
coming thither, he was told by Mrs. Scott, wife to Edmund Scott,
that there were some prisoners then going to execution, and she
earnestly desired this examt. to save their lives if he could, and that
thereupon he went in person to the place where the marshal's man
was hanging them, and he did see three hanged, an old man, an
old woman, and a boy, and that he saved all the rest who otherwise
had been hanged, all having ropes about their necks, that he was
so troubled at it, that he called the marshal's (Cantwell's) men
rogues, and demanding of them by whose order they hanged these
prisoners, they could not show any order in writing for the fact,
but alleged it was by the provost marshal Cantwell's order. Being
demanded if there were not five hanged at that time, he said ho
saw but three, nor did he hear of any more being executed of that
company.

DErOSITIONS. C5

Being questioned if upon Mrs. Scott's begging the boy's life, he
did not give the said Scott a token by which the marshal should
deliver the boy to Mr. Scott, he said he is assured Mr. Scott never
did ask such a ring of him, nor did he, the examt., give him any
token to have the boy delivered to him or any other. Being de-
manded if Mrs. Scott did desire him to save one Anne Trout, alias
Deals, who was going to execution and was one of those brought
from Freshford to Ballyraggett, he said that Mrs. Scott did not
name any one to him in particular, but in general words coming
hastily into his chamber betimes in the morning, she told him that
some English people were going to be hanged, and desired him to
use the best means he could to save them, and he thereupon
presently went to the place of execution, with his sword in his
hand, and did save all that were not put to death, as he hath
already declared. Being also demanded if Mrs. Scott did not
entreat him to save the life of a poor Scotch woman who was
then to be hanged with the others, and if he did not send his man
with her to the guard near the gallows, he, this examt., saith, that
he did save that poor Scotch woman, whose name is Kincade, wife
to a corporal in the Earl of Ormond's regiment, and to that end
went thither in person, denymg that he sent his man thither, but
remenibereth that Mrs. Scott, and he thinks her husband, also went
with him to the said place of execution. Being demanded if Mrs.
Scott went upon her knees to beg from him the lives of those poor
English people, he saith not, nor any other person did so, as he
remenibereth. Being demanded if he knew Mr. Bifield and Mr.
Clerk, he said he did know them, and that they lived at Parkscrone,
half a mile from Ballyraggett. Being questioned further if these
two gentlemen did not intercede to him for the saving Elizabeth
Ennis, alias Harris, and her husband, who was ambler or rider to
his father, and were likewise then to be executed, he, this examt.,
saith, that he well remembers they were led to execution with the
English before mentioned, and that he then saved their lives also.
But remembereth not that they spoke with him before Mrs. Scott
and he went together to the place of execution, but well remembers
that he saw them and the said Bifield and Clarke in town that day.
Being questioned if at his apprehension by Sergeant Williams
and Jeremy Weaver he did not desire them to shoot him, being
sure that he should be hanged if he came to Kilkenny, he said that
their usage was so violent and uncivil towards him, taking from
him his money, jewels, and cloaths, that he confessed in his passion
VOL. II. F

GG THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

he desired tliem to slioot liim, rather than to use him so, but denied
that he was afraid of going to Kilkenny, or that there was any Avord
spoken of it at that time. Being lastly demanded why, having
solemnly engaged himself to the Countess of Ormond to see the
poor stripped English safely conveyed from Kilkenny to Waterford,
at the first outbreak of the rebellion, he forsook them at Knock-
topher, and thereby exposed them to the rage of the bloodthirsty
Irish, he, this examt., saith, that he did promise the Countess to
secixre those English {illegible) Waterford, and accordingly went
with them to Knocktopher and two miles further, and being that
cold and snowy day surprised with a quartan ague, he was so ill
that he was thence carried in a horse litter to Urlingford, and for a
month after was forced to keep his bed, and that if those English
received any bad usage afterwards, he could not help it, but denies
that those English were plundered that night or had any loss of life
or goods while he had charge of them. And further saith not.

Edwakd Butler.
Taken before us,
26 Feb. 1G52,

Thos. Herbert.

E. Doily. Note.

The following are also in the Kilkenny volume of depositions.

For y" Lord Pressident of if higli Court of Justice in Dublin,

These,
My Lord — I have sent your Lordship the enclosed examina-
shuns aganst Mr. Edward Butler, second son to the late Lord
Mountgarrett, and I shall only give your Lordshipp my knowledge
conserning him. When I had reseived orders from the hands of
the parliment to aprehend all such perssons in these ptes, that
had bin guilty of sheding the English inoscent blood in the first
year of the rebellion, I sent a pty in the night. to cease the sd
Butler, but he was not at home, and he, heareing that there was
a cesuir of blood guilty persons, he fledd into the boggs and
fastnesses out of y® parlement's quarters for his safty, and thaire
continewed, untill he was going in a disguise habitt to Spain with
some Irish offisers, and was providencialy taken between Thomas-
town and Waterford, by some soldiers that knew him of Captain
Frank's troop. I shall not ad but reraayne ^ly liord,
your Lordshipp's humble servant

D. AXTELL.

DEPOSITIONS. C7

{Enclosiire 1.)

The Examination of Jeremiah Weaver, of Captain John Frank's
troop, against Echvard Butler, of Urlingford, Esq., taken
before us on oath 31si Jan. 1G52.

This deponent saitb, that when the said Edward Butler was
apprehended by him, he made resistance and laid hands on Captain
Heygate's sergeant's carbine, and called to some Irish officers there
to assist him, saying, ' Will you leave mo so ? ' This doponcnt
asked him for arms, he denied to have any but a laiife, but behig
searched by me I found a maddeogue or skean with the haft in his
hand and the blade in the sheath. The said Edward promised me
lOOZ. to run away with him for Spain, and promised to make me a
captain there, and he then desired to be shot by me and the others
that apprehended him, for he knew that he should be hanged if he
were brought to Kilkenny, and further saith he feared nothing but
false information.

Jee. Weaver.

Taken before us,

EiCH. Stephens.
John IlEyDON.

[Enclosure 2.)

The Examination of Sergeant Egbert Williams, against Edward
Butler, son of the Lord Mountgarret.

That the said Edward Butler when he was apprehended laid
hands on my carbine. I asked him if his name was Butler, he said
it was not, he asked me why I laid hands on him, he being under
protection and having his protection in his pocket. Then the said
EdAvard Butler desired those Irish officers that were present to assist
him, saying, ' Will you leave me thus ? ' I asked him for arms. IIo
said ho had not any but a knifo, but being searched by one Joshua
Weaver, of Captain Frank's troop, a maddeogue (Irish dagger) was
found about Mr. Butler, the haft thereof in his hand and the blade
in a sheath. The said Edward Butler desired me and the rest to
shoot him, for he said he knew if he were brought to Kilkenny he
should be hanged, and further he saith he feared nothing but false
information.

Bobert + Williams.

Taken before us,

on oath, dlst Jan. 1G52,
EiCHARD Stephens.
Wm. IIeydon. f 2

08 THE TRI3II MASSACTES OF 1G41.

CLXVI.

Magdalen Eedmaine, late of Dowry in tlio King's County,
widow, the relict of Thomas Eedmaine, who was one of tlie soldiers
that were slain with Captain Smith by the rebels, sworn and ex-
amined, deposeth and saith, that since the beginning of the present
rebellion, viz. on or about the 26th of December, 1641, when her
husband was slain, she, this deponent, was deprived, robbed, and
despoiled of her goods and chattels, consisting of tanned leather,
bark, green leather, corn, cattle, worth llil. 10s. id., by the rebels
Costiny Molloy, gent., Art Molloy, Shane O'Farrell, and their ac-
complices and soldiers whose names she cannot express. And
further saith, that this deponent and divers other Protestants, and
amongst them [illegible) widows, after they were all robbed, were
also stripped naked, and then they covering themselves in a house
with straw, the rebels then and there lighted the straw with fire and
threw it amongst them on purpose to burn them, when they had
been all burnt or smothered, but that some of the rebels, more piti-
ful than the rest, commanded these crueller rebels to forbear, so as
they did, yet the rebels kept them (the English) naked in a wild
wood from Tuesday till Saturday, in frost and snow, the snow un-
melted long lay upon some of them, so as three children died in
their arms. And when this deponent and the rest endeavoured to
have gone away for refuge to the Birr, the rebels turned them back,
saying they should go to Dublin, and when they attempted to go
towards Dublin, they (the rebels) hindered them again and said they
should go to the Birr, and so tossed and haled them to and fro, yet
at length such of these poor stripped people as died not in the hands
of the rebels escaped to the Birr, where they were harboured and
relieved by one William Parsons, Esq., and yet there died at the
Birr, of those poor stripped persons, about forty of men, women,
and children. And this deponent and those other stripped people that,
survived lived miserably at the Birr aforesaid until they and the
rest had quarter to come from thence to Dublin.

Magdalen Eedmaine -f
Jurat. 6th March, 1642,
John Watson.
Wm. Aldrich.

DEPOSITIONS. G9

Note.

It lias been said by not a fewwriters on 1G41, that no massacres
or oven niurclors of unarmed persons were committed in Leinster,
but such writers must change their opinion after reading the above
and many other depositions in the Leinster volumes. Isabel, the
widow of Christopher Porter, one of the poor women so mercilessly
treated, as Mrs, Eedmaine relates, sworn and examined before the
same commissioners, confirmed all she had related of the cruelty of
the Leinster Irish.

CLXVII.

Nicholas Walsh, of Harristown, in the King's County, clerk,
duly sworn, deposeth, that on the Gth of December, 1641, he was
robbed and despoiled of his goods and means worth 888Z., by the
hands and means of Henry MacOwen Dempsy, Colonels Donogh,
Nicholas and John Dempsy, Brian MacGlashny Dempsy, and others
their Icindred and followers. And this deponent further saith, that
on the 10th of the said month of December he was robbed of and
lost in the castle of Castle Dermot, county Kildare, ready money,
plate, rings, jewels, and household goods worth 200L by Pierce
FitzGerald of Ballysonan, now a colonel among the rebels, Luke
FitzGerald of Molamoy, Ensign Gerald FitzGerald of Castleroe, and
their servants. Further he saith, that the graves in the churchyard
and church of Harristown were digged up, and the corpses of Pro-
testants that were there interred for seven years at least before that
time were taken up and their bones and bodies thrown into ditches,
and other base places, by the directions of the Vicar-General James
McShane Dempsey. And a poor Englishman called Toby Emmet
being by the rebels drawn to go to the mass, was on the same day
of his reconciliation returning homeward hanged, the rebels them-
selves saying that they hanged the English after their reconciling to
the Eoman Church, that they may pray for their souls.

Nicholas Walsh.
Jurat. Gth Jan. 1642,
John Sterne.
Wm. Aldrich.

70 THE misTi massacres of un.

CLXVIII.

Richard Taylok, late of the Birr, alias Parsonstowii, in the
King's County, shoemaker, sworn and examined, deposeth andsaith,
that about All Hallowtide, 1641, the rebellion began about Birr and
the country thereabouts, and then this deponent being bound
prentice unto and living with one William Remington, an English
Protestant, stayed with his said master working at his trade. And
saith, that soon after Hollandtide aforesaid, or thereabouts, the
murders and cruelties after-mentioned were committed by the rebels,
viz. : One Mary Nelson, a Scottish Protestant, was at Craghan, in
the county of Tipperary, very near the Birr, assaulted by two rebels,
viz. by one William Oge and William Buie of Craghan afore-
said, and as she was stoutly defending herself, one Donogh
McThomas of the Birr aforesaid, a bloody butcher coming towards
her, she conceiving him to be her friend, cried out to him and said,
' For God's sake help vie ! ' whereunto he answered ' / loill help you
I ivarrant yoii,' and thereupon coming behind her, he with a beef-
axe first knocked her down, and then with the axe cut her in the
head and hand, and then with the others gave her thirty wounds,
so as then and there she was barbarously murdered. And at the
same time and place there were six more Protestant women, viz.
Ellen Palmer, and one Mary Taylor, and four others murdered by
the three rebels before named, and others to the number of a hun-
dred or thereabouts, which seven murdered Protestants were all
stripped stark naked and left lying on the ground weltering in their
blood in the open air for a day and a night, and then Mr. Parsons,
governor of the Birr, made such means that they were sent for and
carried there and buried in this deponent's presence. And about the
same time was murdered at the Birr one Thomas (illegible), servant
to Mr. Heyward, an English Protestant, each of the said so murdered
having several wounds. And further saith, that about a quarter of
a year after these murders were committed, viz. about Candlemas,
1641, one Edward Garner of the Birr, a tailor, and his wife, being
taken from the Birr aforesaid with a convoy towards Dublin, were
on the way, at a place called the Island in the King's County about
three miles from Birr, murdered by one Turlogh Carroll, now of the
Birr aforesaid, and his companions, as they were travelling at niglit
a little beyond the convoy, which said Carroll and his wife did then
and tlicre strip naked the said Garnet and his wife, saving that they

DErosinoNS. 71

left lier a pair of stockings on her legs, and there they were left lying.
And about a week after a Popish priest, called Father Caliir Farrell,
coming by with his boy, and being displeased that the woman had
her stockings left upon her, said to the boy that he would give him
sixpence to pull off ' that English sow's stockings,' which the boy
eftsoon performing, found 51. in her stocldngs, which they then
carried away, but left the dead bodies there still until the crows and
ravenous creatures devoured them.

About Easter, 1G42, one Edward Erwin, late of the Birr, being
sent from Birr towards Banaghcr to fetch salt, was met by the way
at Dolnagh in the MacCoghlan's country, in the King's County, by
some of the Coghlans and their confederates, the soldiers of John
MacCoghlan, chief of the country, since Imighted as is reported, who
carried him thence to Ormond, hard by Timielogh, in the county of
Tipperary, where they first half hanged him, and then letting him
recover breath, buried him alive in a hole with rubbish and stones,
yet so that about a month after the dogs drew the body out of the
ground and devoured the flesh.

And this deponent further saitli, that quickly after the time the
town and castle of Birr was upon a siege taken from the English by
the Irish rebels, viz. about February, 1G42, there was left in and
about the town to the mercy of the rebels about seventeen of the
children of the English, whose parents were either formerly slain by
the rebels or dead, as namely, three children of one Samuel Smith
of the Birr, named Euseby, Anne, and Margaret, who, being almost
starved with hunger and cold, and denied to come into their father's
house by one Eobert Tew that had gotten possession thereof, those
three poor children for shelter from the cold crept into an oven in
the back yard of their father's house, whither that inhuman rebel,
Eobert Tew aforesaid, brought some straw and putting it into the
oven with the children set it on fire, so as then he burnt all three
in the oven to death. About the same time a young Irish rogue
called Adam, son of the said Eobert Tew, with a cudgel knocked on
the head and killed another of those fatherless children, that was the
daughter of one Patrick Taylor, a Protestant, and that done tied a
withe about her legs and drew her up and down, making that good
sport and recreation.

In or about the month of February aforesaid, 1G42, two other
of those fatherless children, by name Grace Middleton and Anne
Middleton, children of John Middleton (who with his wife was for-
merly hanged to death at Castletown by John O'Carroll of Clontisk,

72 THE IPJSri MASSACRES OF UMJ.

Esq., and his soldiers), were at Birr aforesaid Icnocked on tlie head
and murdered when they came to beg rehef by certain stranger
rebels that were said to have come thither out of the Pale, whose
names this deponent cannot express. Ilowbeit they are or very
lately were dwelling at the town of Birr aforesaid. And the residue
of all those fatherless children, save only one, are also murdered or
starved to death at or about Birr. All which this deponent knoweth
to be true, for that from the very time of the beginning of the rebel-
lion until about the 15th of March, 1G44, he was restrained and
kept at Birr aforesaid, by and amongst the rebels, to make shoes and
boots for them, and then by God's providence he escaped from them
one morning when they were at mass. And this deponent saw most
of the murdered bodies aforesaid, and might have seen more of them
if he durst have gone to them, and at length God delivered him out
of their hands, who doubtless else would have murdered him also,
wanting not malice to do so.

RiciiARD Taylor +
Jiirat. 21si October, 1G45,

Hen. Jones.

Wm. Aldrioh.

CLXIX.

Martha Mosley, the relict of Samuel Mosley, late vicar of
Carlow, now deceased, sworn and examined, saith, that about th
beginning of November, 1641, when the rebellion was begun at
Carlow, her said husband was then alive. And that then he and
she, this deponent, were forcibly expelled, deprived of and from the
possession of his benefices, or church means, and of their goods
and chattels to the value in all of 1,000^,, and above, by Thomas
Davells of the Queen's County, Esq., Mr. Wall of Loughlan, in the
county of Carlow, Esq., and Eobert Harpole of the Queen's County,
Esq., and their soldiers and partakers, whose names she knoweth
not. And that this deponent's husband and she, and their four
children, and her mother fled from their habitation into the Castle
of Carlow, where they remained for about one year, and there en-
dured much grief and calamity, insomuch indeed, that she thinketh
it was the death of her said husband, and also of her mother. And
she further saith, that during the time that she and the rest were
in the said castle, viz. betwixt St, Stephen's Day, 1G41, and the
week before Easter, the said castle Avas besieged by the said Thomas
Davells, Wall, Harpole, and their soldiers, and by Walter Bagenal of

DEPOSITlOiNS. 73

Dunleckny, Esq., and Robert Evers of Cloglinory iu the county of
Caiiow, gent., and their soldiers and accomplices, whose names she
cannot tell. And saith, that one night, whilst that siege lasted,
there was slain and hurt near to the castle and church, to the
number of twenty-five, men, women, and children, English Pro-
testants, who were most barbarously mangled, hewed, and slashed
by the rebels. And one woman who had her hand cut off this de-
ponent, by God's assistance, cured, as she did divers others whilst
she was there. And amongst the rest she so cured, there was a
poor stripped woman, that the night aforesaid was most miserably
wounded, and had several great cuts through her skull, and one in
her face, who was left for dead, and lay there for twenty-four hours,
and at length, by God's great help, recovered her senses, and so
much strength that she crawled and came into the castle, being a
most miserable object of pity, and although such as saw her despaired
of her recovery, yet God, working through such means as this de-
ponent used to her, she afterwards very well recovered.

About Whitsuntide, 1G42, one Hugh Everardand Edward Howe,
two Protestants, were, within a musket-shot of the castle, both
murdered, mangled, and cut to pieces most barbarously by the said
Mr, Harpole and his soldiers. The wife of one Jonathan Lyn and
her daughter were also surprised by the rebels, as they were gather-
ing corn, and were from that place carried to Stapletown wood,
where and when those two poor women were hanged up on a tree by
the hair of the head all night. And the next morning they were
cut down by the rebels, and being found to have life in them, the
cruel villains then and there killed them outright. About the latter
end of August, 1G42, one Bcnnet Bower went out of the castle to
get in corn, and there went with him one Alice Chevening and her
little son, and another woman, that had been formerly his servant,
all which four about a quarter of a mile from the castle were met
by the soldiers of the said Harpole, who then and there took tho
said Bower prisoner, murdered the little boy and his mother, and
the said other woman, the poor child's head being pitifully mangled
and his belly so opened that his bowels fell out, and one of the
women's throat being almost cut through, and the other pitifully
mangled.

MAIiTHA MOSLEY.

Jurat. 2>dth October, 1G43,
Hen. Jones.
Hen. Brebeton.

74 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lOJl.

Note.

Charles Jewell, gent., of Dourigally, in the King's County,
swore before Jones and Brereton that of twenty-two families, his
near neighbours, in all about one hundred and twenty persons, he
believed only his sister and two others survived. The rest were
stripped, and in one way or another were murdered by the rebels.
He was himself sheltered by one Nicholas White and Brian Molloy,
but was beaten and wounded because he refused to go to mass.
While he was at White's house, one Ellinor Bycroft and her two
children were murdered in that neighbourhood, their bodies being
thrown into a hole in a ditch before they were quite dead, and the
earth cast over them while they were ' groaning miserably.' He
also swore that the rebels read aloud in his presence the commission
whicli they said they had received from the King, and showed a
broad seal attached to it. It would almost appear that there was
more than one of those mysterious real or forged documents in
circulation in 1G41. If so they were probably all forgeries.

CLXX.

James Benn, late of the city of Kilkenny, shoemaker, sworn
and examined, deposeth and saith, that since the beginning of the
present rebellion, that is to say, about the 26th of December, 1041,
he, this deponent, at Kilkenny aforesaid, was deprived, robbed, or
otherwise despoiled of leather, household stuff, and other things
worth 30L by one Mr. Codd, a commander of rebels, who that day
came into the said city, and one Bourke and other accomplices
and soldiers of or with the said Mr. Codd, whose names this
deponent cannot remember ; which said rebels then and there
forcibly robbed and pillaged all the Protestants in that part of the
city, or suburbs, called tlie Irish town, of their goods. The gates
of the city being at that time shut, and some others, especially
Eoe Purcell, merchant, then sheriff of the said city, and son-in-law
to Patrick Murphy, now mayor of the same city, and liis servants,
and others as well Papist inhabitants of the same city, and other
devilish rebels of the country that they had called to partake with
them, robbed and dispossessed the rest of the Protestants in the
city.

And further saith, that one of the rebellious cruel soldiers, about

DEPOSITIONS. 75

Easter, 1G42, did in Kilkenny aforesaid, in this deponent's own sight,
most barbarously and wickedly with a sharp skean rip open the belly
of a poor English young woman, that fled thither from Castlecomer,
for safety, so that her entrails tumbled out, and she received them
in her arms, and at the same time stabbed and wounded the mother
and brother of the said young woman, and had killed them outright,
as this deponent is verily persuaded, but that he sent one Eichard
Lawlor, a shoemaker, to rescue them, who carried the two, the
mother and son, to one Thomas Archer, then mayor of the city, to
whom complaint being made of these outrages, he so far sleightod
it, that he turned them scornfully away, so that the villainous
rebels of the city, viz. some men, but mostly women and boys there,
threw stones on them and dirt m the streets, and pursued and beat
them out of the town. But as to the poor young woman, she
crawled away with her bowels on her arms, out of the to^vn, and
died that night under a hedge. And further saith, that on the Sun-
day, in the mornmg next after that this deponent was robbed of his
goods, he went to the church of St. Canice to pray, where he saw
one Mr. Smith, a Protestant minister, late of Ballynekill, and one
Mr. Lemon, a Scottish Protestant, late a schoolmaster in Kilkenny,
which Mr. Smith was then and there stark naked, and the said
Lemon had only a pair of breeches on, both having been stript in
the church, and standing trembling near the altar ; when this de-
ponent not being able to relieve them, left them in that poor state.
And the same morning the deponent met coming out of the church
one Mr. Jones, late minister at Stroncarty, who was stript of almost
all his clothes, and had a great wound in his shoulder, given him
by the rebels.

And further saith, that w^iilst this deponent remained at Kil-
kenny, which was from the beginning of the rebellion until about
the 2(;tli day of Juno, IGIB, then ho, this deponent, observed and
saw in the houses and shops of Andrew Murphy, James Archdeacon,
Pierse Archer, Eobert Tobin, and divers other merchants in the
said city, the Protestant bibles and prayer-books torn in pieces, and
used as waste paper to wrap up soap, starch, candles, and such wares
as they sold. And further saith, that although after they were
robbed this deponent and some of the English were suffered to stay
at Kilkenny, yet the rebels gave them nothing, but they lived by
their hard labour. And when they had gotten anything, it was
taken from them, by cesses, presses, and soldiers. And this de-
ponent and the rest of the Protestants were often threatened to bo

76 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 10 J 1.

hanged, so as they stood in fear of their lives till they got away.
And further, this deponent hath been credibly told by some of the
Eomish and rebellious citizens there, that the titulary Bishop of
Cashel and Turlogh Oge O'Neil, brother to the devilish rebel Sir
Plielim O'Neil, and the Popish citizens of Kilkenny aforesaid,
petitioned and earnestly moved the council at Kilkenny, that all
the English Protestants there should be put to death, whereunto
one Kichard Lawless, an alderman of the city, in excuse of them
answered and said, that the English were all robbed before, and he
saw no cause that they should lose their lives. And at divers other
times, when it was pressed that the English should be put to death,
the Lord Mountgarrett, and his son, Mr. Edmund Butler, and Mr.
Philip Purcell, by their strength, means, and occasions prevented it,
they being, as the deponent believeth, commanded by God Almighty
so to do. And further saith, that the said Sir Phelim O'Neil, about
a month or six weeks since, came to Kilkenny (out of the north),
where this deponent left him and his lady, and the other grand
rebellious councillors.

And further saith, that about a month since, one Captain
Chambers being taken prisoner by the rebels, and promised fair
quarter, was brought to Kilkenny, when and where the base rebel,
Captain Eobert Harpole of Shrule, having begged leave to have him,
caused his, the said Harpole's own men to hang the said Captain
Chambers upon a gate, and before he was dead they cut off his head
and let his body fall to the ground, and cruelly and indecently
mangled it. And the stripped body was carried away into a ditch,
with the head, and there buried, as this deponent was credibly in-
formed by one Brian MacShane, his apprentice, whom he, this ex-
amt., sent purposely to see how they used the said Captain Chambers,

not daring to go himself.

James Benn.
Jurat. 8rcZ J%dy, 1G43,
Wm. Aldkich.
Hen. Pigott.

Note.

As I have already said, the fewness, comparatively speaking, of
massacres in the province of Leinster was made up for by out-
bursts of ferocious bigotry in the destruction of churches, the digging
up of Protestants from the graves in which they had rested for
months or years, and the casting of their bones into ditches and roads.
Nothing can whitewash some of the Roman Catholic clergy from

DEPOSITIONS. 77

the guilt of these outrages. The order of the ' moderate ' Bishop of
Ferns respecting the burial of Francis Talbot, given at page 1 55 , vol i. ,
and the testimony of innumerable witnesses at Kilkenny, Wexford,
Carlow, and other Leinster counties, show that the people acted
only in accordance with the mandates of their priests, when they
profaned the graves of the Protestants. And we have equally good
evidence to show that up to the eve of the rebellion those same
priests were, even in that intolerant age, treated with courtesy and
even kindness by the Protestants of those counties. A somewhat
rare edition of Lord Castlehaven's ' Memoirs of the Irish Wars of
1G41,' pubhshed in 1815, contains Lord Anglesey's letter of ob-
servations and reflections thereupon, written in 1G80. Of the terms
on which the Koman Catholics and Protestants lived in 1G40-1
Lord Anglesey says, ' there never was more miity, friendship, and
good agreement, amongst all sorts and degrees, excepting in the
standing root of mischief, the difference in religion, than at this
time, or more mutual confidence. ... I remember very well the
summer before the rebellion, the titular Bishop of Ferns coming on
his visitation into the county of Wexford, where I then dwelt, at
the request of the Popish priest, I lent most of my silver plate to
entertain the said Bishop with, and had it honestly restored.'
How this courtesy and tolerance, which, needless to say, would
never have been exhibited to a heretic bishop by a Spaniard or
Italian in their native countries, in 1040, was repaid by the Bishop
of Ferns and his brethren we know. John Mayer, sworn on the
29th of May, before Henry Jones and Henry Brereton, deposed
that the rebels of Kilkenny had brought into the town the heads
of ' Mr. Alfrey, son of the Lord Lieutenant's comptroller. Lieutenant
Gilbert, Mr. Bingham a clergyman, and four others,' which heads
they knocked against the stones, cut, slashed, and mangled, and
scorched the face of Mr. Bingham. They then placed his head on a
pole, and laid a leaf of a book before it, ' scornfully saying lie might
■preach now if he ivoulcl, for his mouth ivas open enough I ' The
same witness adds, that the rebels robbed the Protestant churches,
broke the pulpits, and made gunpowder in some of them, 'swearing
they would turn the bodies of the Protestants out of their graves that
had been buried a year before.' Long before Cromwell's soldiers
came over to desecrate, as is popularly supposed, the churches, they
were desecrated, plundered, and their bibles and service books
kicked into the kennel and trampled on by the orthodox Catholics.

78 THE imsn massacres of kmi.

CLXXI.

Ann, wife of Mervin Maudsley, late of the city of Kilkenny,
gentleman, duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that since
the beginning of the present rebellion, viz. about the 1st day of
(illegible) past, her said husband and she were, at Kilkenny afore-
said, deprived, robbed, and despoiled of their means, goods, and
chattels, consisting of household goods, linen, apparel, beer in the
cellar and other things, to the value of 69Z. 15s. ster. And saith, she
knoweth not the names of the rebels that so robbed them, but was
credibly informed and believes that they were the rebellious soldiers
serving under the command of Philip Purcell of Ballifoyle in the
county of Kilkenny, Esq., son-in-law to the Lord Mountgarrett and
captain of a company of rebels. And about the same time some of
the rebels in Kilkenny aforesaid struck and beat a poor English-
woman, until she was forced into a ditch, where she died, those
barbarous rebels having first ript open and let her child's guts
about her heels and most cruelly murdered her, being about sixteen
years of age. And further saith, that Joan Smith, this deponent's
mother, who dwelt in the house of her, this deponent, was also by
the rebels robbed and despoiled of her goods worth 60Z. And
further saith, that one (hlanh) Cantwell, provost marshal for the
rebels, at or near Kilkenny, and his company hanged seven English-
men that they foimd on the way from Ballin [torn], whereof one
was a tailor, named Kichard Philips, and they also hanged an Irish-
man, because he was in company with these Englishmen. All
which eight persons were hanged in the town of Kilkenny, on a
house of newly-framed timber. And also the rebels called on the
Lord Mountgarrett to have all the English there hanged, he
answered, that he would pistol any who made such a request
again, for that the English who were left would gladly enough go
away and leave the country, if they knew how ; which this deponent
knew they would, for the rebellious Irish would still abuse and
oppress those English whom they had not slain or banished, and

would commonly call them English dogs.

Ann Maudsley.
Jurat. March 28th, 1G43,
Hen. Brereton.
Wm. Aldrich.

DErOSITIONS, 79

CLXXII.

Ealpii Bulkely, of the town of Carlow, parisli clerk, sworn and
examined, saitli, that since the begmning of the present rebelhon,
that is to say, in the months of November and December, 1G41,
and since, he was robbed and forcibly despoiled of goods and chattels
to the value of 231/. by the Irish Papists and rebels, viz. Robert
(illegible) of Clownagh in the same county, gent., a captain of
rebels since slain in rebellion, Eobert Harpole of Shrewle in the
same county, another captain of rebels, Thomas Davells, Esq., of the
Queen's County, Edmund Wall of Loughane, and Edward Wall of
Ballynakill in the county of Carlow, Esq., another commander of
rebels, Walter Bagenal of Dunleclmy, another of their commanders,
who at the first, upon his promise of loyalty and to do his Majesty
service, procured to himself arms from the stores in Dublin and
then most perfidiously and treacherously turned rebel and used
those arms against his Majesty and his loyal Protestant subjects,
Murtogh Oge {blank) of Castletown, Esq., James Butler of Tully,
Esq., Garret {illegible) of Brisholstown (szc), Esq., and generally
all the other gentry and commonalty of Irish Papists, within the
county of Carlow. . . . And this deponent and many of the English
for the safety of their lives fled to the Castle of Carlow, to the
number of GOO men, women, and children, many being very poor
and having nothing to eat when they came thither. And further
saitli, that such was the providence and mercy of God to them in
the said castle, to save them from the rebels, that a great flood fell
into the river of Carlow aforesaid, about the beginning of December,
1G41, and continued until after Candlemas following, in such a
height, that he never saw the like there, where he hath dwelt
eighteen years. Insomuch that none could approach the castle
but upon a narrow causeway, which they might with difficulty
defend. Howbeit the rebels before named and divers others of the
country on St. John's Day of Christmas, 1641, while the flood was
high, came into the town of Carlow, and took it, and the Irish of
the town joined and resorted with them, and set and kept several
corps de garde, and hemmed in all those in the castle, so that they
could not stir out, so much as to fetch a pail of water, but they were
slain. And afterwards, viz. a little after Candlemas, the flood still
continuing, those rebels secretly in the night time with cotts, and

80 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF ICll.

on horseback approached unto, and summoned the castle, and laid
siege thereunto, and also to the church, and with pickaxes and
sledges broke down the church wall, but were repulsed-, and many
of them slain, but those of the English that were found out of the
castle, these rebels most barbarously murdered, some of them being
children, that were slain hanging at the breasts of their poor
mothers, and some very old people that could scarcely go. And
the said rebels, to their great loss of men, continued the siege until
the morning following, but were much aimoyed and hindered by
the water, insomuch that when they were quite repulsed, and forced
to leave the siege, many of them were put to deep wading and
swimming, and some in the cotts slain, wherein that flood and the
narrowness of the pavement, afforded to the besieged Protestants
not a little relief and advantage. By which repulse these rebels
were, as he conceiveth, so deterred, that afterwards they did not
attempt to besiege the castle or the church, but yet lying in the
town, kept the Protestants in the castle until his Majesty's army
did, about Easter following, march thither, and then all that were
there besieged went away with the army.

Ralph Bulkely.
Jurat. Sth Jan. 1G43,

Hen. Jones.

Hen. Breketon.

CLXxin.

Barnaby Dunne, of Brittas, in the Queen's County, Esquire,
being duly sworn and examined, deposeth, that about the end of
November, 1G41, and since, he was robbed and deprived of his goods,
rents, chattels, and other profits as followeth, by and through the
commotions and rebellions begun in that and other parts of the
kingdom of Ireland, viz. of corn, sheep, cows, oxen, garrans, and
plow harness, which he left as a stock in his lands of Ballyvadock,
Rahmore, and part of the lands of Stradbally, held by Robert
Robinson, Thomas McCarroll, and Walter Fullam, his farmers,
worth 400Z., which stock was taken for the most part, as he credibly
heard, by Henry Dempsey, Con Dempsey, Murtagh Dempsey, Failly
Dempsey, Rossa and Nicholas Dempsey, William Cosby, otherwise
called William Kelly, and others their adlierents. In cows,- mares,
sheep, horses, colts, swine taken and stolen from him in Irregan,
worth 400Z,, by and through the means of Daniel duna, Arthur and
Rory duna, John McWilliam Conraghy, and others, their adherents

DEPOSITIONS. 81

and confedoratcs. In corn and malt at Brittas, and corn in ground,
and household furniture and stuff which he is not permitted to pos-
sess or move from thence for not joining with these rebels, and
because he is a Protestant, worth 300/., of his rents due and payable
at Michaelmas, and Easter 400^., and the same for two years to
come, 800Z., which he doth not expect to receive by reason of the
rebellion and the banishment of his English tenants that he had
in Iregan, to the number of twenty and upwards, part of Avhom he
was driven to keep and relieve at his house of Brittas, until at
length they came with much difficulty to the fort at Maryborough
after Easter last, and partly by reason of the wasting, burning, and
destroying of his houses, mills, and other improvements that were
thereon by this unnatural rebellion. Also the rent of the impro-
priate rectory of Iregan for harvest, 1642, worth lOOZ., and is like
to lose the future profits thereof (until a peace be established)
through the intrigues of Ross Geoghegan, titulary Bishop of Kildare,
who doth claim the same, and inhibited the inhabitants of the
country by himself and Tiegue Delahunty, priest, to pay this
examt. the said rent and the rents and profits of the impropriate
rectory of Kilruish and Collier's land, in the said diocese, worth 34/.
per an., and is likely to lose the future profits thereof, also of arrears
of rents and tithes before the last year, and debts due by persons
who are likely to grow desperate, and not be recovered through this
rebellion, 400/., also 100/. due on a mortgage or rentcharge on part
of the lands of John Carroll of Clonlish in the King's County,
Esquire, and the said rentcharge for Michaelmas, 1642, 15/., also
a mortgage on the lands of Eory Oge of Banellileg, Daniel cluna
of Tinnahinch and John cluna of Coulloghlane, in Iregan, in the
Queen's County aforesaid, 100/., of which they intend to deprive
him, this examt., being now not amenable to his Majesty's laws,
nor he, according to their new ways and laws, capable to partake
thereof or recover the same. All which amounteth to the full sum
of 2,134/. sterling.

This examt. further saith, that about Christmas, 1641, one
Tiegue MacRory Dunne, Avho sometime lived with him, spake to
Sybil, wife to this deponent, as she told him this deponent, and as
the said Tiegue afterwards confessed, that there was no safety for
her life or this deponent's in Iregan, unless they went to mass.
Whereupon this deponent discharged the said Tiegue out of his
house, and bade him or any of them that were Papists to burn and
kill him this deponent, and his wife, and their children, if they, the

. VOL. II. Q

82 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGJl.

Papists, could or durst, for that he, this deponent, and his family,
would not join in the rebellion, nor change their religion.

He further saith, that one Robert Story, an Englishman that
then lived at Mr. Richard Redish's house, affirmed unto him that
about that time one Tiegue Delahunty, a mass priest, that lived in
Iregan, desired him, the said Robert, to carry a message from him
to the said Sybil, which was that if she did not go to mass she must
leave Iregan, and go to her father. Sir Robert Pigott.

He also deposeth, that Daniel Dunne of Tomgraney, gent., and
Arthur Dunne of Ballynahonne, gent., told him that it was certain
that there was some powerful personage in the Irish army in the
north that used to sit under a tent cloth or canopy, and that none
but prime men or commanders were admitted to his or her presence,
some saying it was the young prince, others the queen or the queen
mother. And said, that those that begun this commotion gave it out
for certain that they had the king's commission to do what they did,
and that they were to extirpate or banish all the English and
Protestants that would not become Roman Catholics.

He also saith, that Plielim Dunne of Lackamore, and Elinor
FitzGerald, wife to Brian McDonnell, told him that the titulary
bishop and the priests said they could not consecrnte the churches
wherein to celebrate the mass, until the corpses of the Protestants
should be removed thereout.

He further saith, that in January last, or February, the fore-
named Ross Geoghegan, titulary bishop, came with others to this
deponent's house at Brittas where he then was, being sickly, saying
that this deponent was one of his charge, and that he was bound to"
labour to reduce him to be of the Roman Catholic religion, where-
upon divers arguments about religion, the king's prerogative and
supremacy, past between them, which this deponent put down in
writing, and upon the said Geoghegan's earnestners, this deponent
alleged that he was the king's sworn officer, as being a justice of tlio
peace and twice a high sheriff, and had sworn the oath of supremacy
which he held to be lawful, and he in conscience tried to observe
the same ; to whom the said titulary bishop replied that it was an
unlawful oath, pretending it might safely be dispensed with, further
urging that God would not permit any to have power above his
vicar on earth, meaning the Pope. Whereupon this deponent
alleged a passage that fell out concerning the King of Hungary being
in league with the Turk, who, by the persuasion of a legate from the
Pope, violated his oath in breaking that league and joined in battle
with the emperor against the Turk. And the Turk having a copy

DEPOSITION,^. 83

of the league and oath taken betwixt them called upon Christ Jesus
to avenge Himself upon the perfidious Christian that brake the oath
taken in His name, upon which it was observed as remarkable that
the Turk gahied the victory against the Christian army.

And further this deponent saitli, that 'about the end of that
month of February, one Brendan Conn, a friar, as he heard him to
be, came to this deponent, labouring to persuade him from being a
Protestant, and to join and subscribe to a writing that he, the friar,
had drawn up, the contents whereof, as this deponent remembercth,
was to bind himself to join with the undertakers of that commo-
tion in their confederation for banishing the English that would not
conform to the Eoman Catholic religion, and doing such further acts
as the undertakers or rebels would appoint, which this deponent
refused to yield unto. During which time some forbearance was
shown to this deponent in permitting him and some of his English
tenants to remain there, hoping from time to time they would be as
they (the rebels) were. And divers messages and threatenings were
brought to this deponent from Florence FitzPatrick, Arthur Molloy,
and some of the Dempsies, and divers others that if he did not put
away his English tenants and servants and become as one of them,
they would pull him out by the heels and take all he had. And
this deponent, seeing the dangerousness of the time, and perceiving
the rebel's evil intentions and cruel dealings with others, and pro-
clamations for robbing all Protestants, and to kill them if they would
not leave these parts, though the said rebels pretended to be autho-
rised by the king to do as they did ; which this deponent bclievetli
not, for that his Majesty would surely stand by his Protestant sub-
jects, and as soon as he, this examt., got a little cured of his sick-
ness, he being altogether unable to suppress or resist them, being
one against many thousands, fled unto the house of his father-in-
law, Sir Robert Pigott, at Disart, in the month of March last. And
saith, that some of his servants in the night time, as they told this
deponent, brought unto him to Disart aforesaid, two beeves, twenty-
six muttons, some plate, and a little linen, for which he heard Daniel
Dunne and his rebellious adherents threatened to hang the said
servants, and in a rage wounded one of them. So that they durst
not any more come with any relief to this deponent.

Barnaby Dukne.
Jitrat. 2,2nd Nov. 1G42,

Cora Wm. Aldrich. Eandal Adahs.

John Watson. Hen. Brereton.

o 2

84 THE IRTSII i\rASSACT!ES OF KJJI.

CLXXIV.

Thomas Huetson (sic), of the town and county of Kildare, an
English Protestant, sworn and examined, saith, about a month or
three weeks since one John Courtney of Kildare aforesaid, weaver,
and IMartin Courtney, his son, Walter White of the same town,
labourer, Buonaventure Berry of the same town, the reputed son of
WiUiam Berry of the same town a Popish priest, and Thomas Berry
of Kildare aforesaid, near kinsman of the said William Berry, and
divers other rebels of the Irish, did in the cathedral church of
Kildare aforesaid dig up the graves of Dominick Huetson, this
deponent's brother, who had been buried about twenty months,
and of Christian Huetson, this deponent's grandmother, who had
been buried about one week, and took their corpses out of the same
graves in the church, and laid them both in a garden, outside the
walls of the churchyard, which was done by the council and pro-
curement of Ross McGeoghegan, titulary Bishop of Kildare, and
James Dempsy, the Popish vicar general, William Berry, priest,
Dominick Dempsy, guardian to the friars, who live in Kildare afore-
said, James Flanagan of the same, a friar, Brian O'Cormady of the
same, friar, and other fiiars, whose names he now remembereth
not.' And further saith, that the same William O'Berry {sic)
brought this deponent before the said titulary bishop, and informed
him that this deponent was looking in the church window Avhen
the corpses of the said brother and grandmother were being taken
up, and that he writt down the names of those parties that so took
them up, and desired to know what must be done with this de-
ponent, to which the said Bishop Geoghegan answered that if he
found the report to be true, and that this deponent would do any-
thing against their Catholic cause, he would imprison and hang
him. And further deposeth, that some of the parties above named,
with divers others of the town of Kildare, said that they could not
sanctify or hallow the said church of Kildare until the heretics'
bodies were removed out of it.

Thomas Hewetson.
Jurat. 15th Feb. IMl,
Roger Puttock.
Wm. Aldrich.

Note.

Ralph Walmesly, farmer, of Ballynegulshy near Birr, sworn and
e:;amined, deposed to the murder of his mother and- his infant

D]:rosiTioxs. 85

child by an Irishman who was sent to convey them to Birr by Lady
Herbert. He also deposed as to several other murders of which he
had heard and to the seditious speecliea, drunkenness and profligacy
of a friar. But he spoke in high terms of the kindness shown to
him by Captain Turlogli Molloy and John McFarrell, gent., of
Ballycally in the Queen's County, saying that ' he (this deponent)
is confident that the said Molloy and IMcFarrell were much grieved
at the ill-treating of the English, which appeared not only by the
said ]\Iolloy's and MacFarrell's loving words, but by the real cour-
tesies they did the English at divers times.'

CLXXV.

The joint Examinations of Edward Saltinghall, late of the
Grange, in the parish and county of Armagh, gent., and
Geokge Littlefield of the said county.

These deponents, being duly sworn and examined, say, that
Manus O'Cahan of the Grange, in the county of Armagh afore-
said, colonel of the rebels, Brian O'Kelly of Charlemont, captain
of the rebels, Patrick O'Mallan late of Munroy (sic) in the county
of Tyrone, another captain of the rebels, caused to be gathered
together and put into the church of Loghgall, in the said county of
Armagh, three score and ten persons, all English Protestants, and
there kept them two days and two nights, and afterwards sent them
with one hundred soldiers to {blank). And the rebels did in
[illegible) aforesaid likewise suddenly gather all the English there
together and drove them to the bridge of Portadowne, and threw
them all over the bridge into the water, they being in all 154 Pro-
testants who were then and there most miserably drowned. And
afterwards the three rebels last above named gave to the rest of the
English a pass to go into England that they who were left behind
should not be afraid.

And further saith, that the said Manus O'Cahan and Brian
O'Kelly, and Shane O'Neil, and Art Oge O'Neil, gent., did take
William Blundell of Grange, yeoman, in the said county of
Armagh, and put a rope about his neck and threw him into the
Blackwater near Charlemont, and did draw him up and dowii in
the water to make him confess his money, who thereupon gave
them 211., yet within three weeks after he arul his wife and his
three children were drowned by tlie rebels, and one more of his

8G THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

children being left behind in Grenan, was afterwards taken by
Tatrick O'Donnelly of Knockaconey, in the county of Armagh,
gent., out of the same house, who caused it also to be drowned.
And further saith, that Samuel Law of Grenan in the parish of
Armagh, yeoman, was forcibly taken out of his house at Grenan
aforesaid, by the rebels Neil Oge O'Neil and Donogh O'llagan, and
Phelimy O'Mallon, all of Grenan aforesaid, and brought to a wood
and there they put a withe about his neck, and therewith drew him
up and down by the neck until he was glad to promise to give them
ten shillings. And further saith, that Art MacHugh Boy O'Neil
and Neil Modder O'Neil, both captains of the rebels, caused divers
of the inhabitants of Armagh to bo put to death, namely, James
Chappell, Esq., Thomas Whitacre, gent., Thomas Glover, gent.,
Mr. Starkey and his two daughters, William Wollard, yeoman,
Thomas ColUer, hatter. Christian Symonds, shoemaker. And there
were also divers other persons by the rebels put to death, as namely,
William Marriott and his son, and Kobert Spring, all of Loughgall,
gentlemen, who were hanged upon the butcher's stalls before their
own doors, and their houses set on fire and burnt. And the rebels
also murdered William Galvin and his brother's wife and children,
Thomas Sadlier, John Keighley and Peter Keighley, Samuel Birch,
Thomas Foster and James Berrall, Kobert Berrall, Patrick Erwin,
Joshua Griffin, James Rodes and John Bartlett, all of Armagh,
And further saith, that one Loughhn MacArtee {sic) of Horkly,
in the county of Armagh, boldly affirmed that he had killed one
Thomas Woodward of Horkly with a blow of his stave, and that he
made a woman help to hang her husband.

And saith, that the rebels Patrick MacPhelimy of Ballymoilmurry
in the county of Armagh did forcibly and cruelly throw one John
Hale of Ballimacroome into a river, when he swimming over to
the other side, the said Patrick ran on a piece of wood that lay over
the river, and with an axe knocked out the said Hale's brains.
And also saith, that Noil O'Hologan, William O'Hologan, and
Patrick Ballagh O'Donnelly, all of Torgardan, in the parish of
Kilmore, and county of Armagh, yeomen, did maliciously kill and
murder Richard Roe of Kilmanin, in the county of Armagh, yeo-
man, because he had justly caused some of their friends to be
hanged. And that Phelimy Mac (illegible) and Redmond Roe
O'Crelly, both of Ballaghkernon, in the county of Armagh, yeomen,
did take their master, Henry Pilkingfcon, gent., out of Loughgall
aforesaid, professing much kindness unto him, because he was their

DEPOSITIONS. 87

master, and said tlicy would keep him {illcyible). But as soon as
tliey had got him within less than a quarter of a mile of his own
house, they, thinking that he had money hidden thereabouts, took
his own garters and tied them about his neck to make him confess
the money. But because he would not confess to any they hanged
or strangled him on the highway, and stripped him of all his
clothes and put his head into a ditch and there left him. And
further saith, that the said Manus O'Cahan and Brian O'Kelly
received at one time from one William Fullerton, parson of Lough-
gall, 85L upon promise to send a convoy with him and one lUchard
Gladwich to Lisnegarvy, and gave the said William Fullerton a
pass to go .there safe and sound. But when the convoy of rebels
had carried or brought them about two miles on their way, they
cut off their heads. And the rebels James O'Donnelly and Hugh
MacManus, both of Dromoly, in the county of Armagh, gent., did
take and imprison John Piichardson, gent., and Christopher Blake
Francis Hill, butcher, and Ambrose Castleman, baker, all of Lough-
gall, in the said county of Armagh, until they were forced to give them
all the money they had, and then promising to get them a convoy
to the Newry, at length, when they had got their money, hanged
the poor men. And further saith, that one George Lawlis, a rebel,
of Loughgall, yeoman, resolving to kill John Corrider, told him he
Avould do so, but bid him first say his prayers, whereupon the said
Corrider kneeling down to pray, the said Lawlis instantly cut off
his head as he was upon his knees. And one Patrick O'Donnelly
of Knockcrony, in the county of Armagh, gent., being cured of a
wound which he had in his arm by William Wollard of Armagh,
chirurgeon, about a week after most barbarously and ungratefully
killed the said Wollard. And the rebels Hugh O'Farrel of Mount-
joy, in the county of Armagh, gent., did most barbarously murder
one Alexander Corridor and Bichard Humfrey and his wife, after
they had given him all their money and wealth. And further
saith, that Hugh O'Quin and Art O'Lockane {sic), both of An-
naghe, in the county of Armagh, rebels, most cruelly murdered
Williams of Drumakroffe, in the county of Armagh, yeoman,
when he was naked and his wife and children were looking on,
and also that John Proctor of the Oalmeton, in the parish of
Armagh, was killed by the said Hugh because he could give him no
money. But before they killed the said Williams they kept him in
the court of guard till he Avas scarce able to go, and then they let
him out, cut off his head and held it up to his wife and children.

88 THE irasii massacres of ig-ii.

And after the rebels were gone away, liis sorrowful and poor wife
burjnng him in the garden, one Patrick O'Daly, a rebel, took up his
corpse and threw it into a ditch.

And further saith, that Patrick O'Kelly, Hugh O'Kelly, Patrick
MacEarny, Shane MacCoddam, Ann ny Coddam, all of Clonedan,
in the county of Armagh, caused twenty-three of the poor English
who were made servants to Brian O'Kelly to be drowned because
two Englishmen that were in {illegible) company at the siege of
Drogheda fled into the city from the rebels. And these deponents
heard divers of the rebels often say, that if Owen MacArt should
not ere long come out of Spain, they would make Sir Piielim their

king.

Edwakd SaLtinhaltj.

Jurat. 1st June, 1G42, Geoege Littlefield.

Wm. Aldeich.
Wm. Hitchcock.

Note.

I have given the foregoing as a specimen of one of those very
unreliable depositions which the Eoyal Commissioners sometimes
received. One-fifth of it may be reliable, the rest is evidently mere
hearsay, {v. Introduction, pp. 135, 145.)

CLXXVI.

RiCHAED Hudson, of (illegible) Street, Dublin, carrier, aged
forty-five years or thereabouts, duly sworn and examined, saith,
that on the 24th of October, 1641, at the beginning of the rebelhon,
he was living at Kildargin in the territory of Idough, in the county
of Kilkenny, within two miles of Castle Comer, and saith that about
a month before Christmas, 1641, a company of the rebels, to the
number of fifty or thereabouts, fell upon this examt.'s house, and
robbed and stripped this examt., and that Edmund Brenan, late
of Ardee, deceased, was commander of these rebels. And further
saith, that the country being full of rebels, this examt, ran for
safety of his life into Castle Comer, in the said county, and there
continued, and saith, that after his coming to the said castle of
Castle Comer, the said Edmund Brenan, who was captain, one
Thomas Butler, brother to one Richard Butler, who lived in Castle
Comer, was made captain of the rebels in garrison in the said town
of Castle Comer, and that during his being in such command, a
youth called Richard Barnard being sent out of the castle, on some
occasion into the town, one Lisagh Brenan took the said Barnard,
and carried him and hanged him upon his father's tenter hooks.

DErOSlTiONS. 89

till he was deatl, his father being a clothier by his trade, the said
youth being so hanged on the tenter liooks within view of the said
castle. And further saith, that an Englishwoman, the wife of a
collier, being scut with a letter from some of the Irish to Captain
X^'arrer, who was in the same castle, was by some of the Irish
soldiers shot before the gate of the castle and died there of the shot.
And further saith, that about the secoiid week of Lent then follow-
ing, quarter being offered to those that were in the said castle,
he, this examt., and many of the English left the said Captain
Thomas Butler, and some of his soldiers followed them and by force
took from thence one Eichard Philips, and one John Showell, whom
the said Thomas Butler carried to Kilkenny and there hanged them
until they Avere dead. And further saith not.

Gekauu Lowther. Richakd + Hudson.

Edwahd Bolton.

Thos. Dungan.

CLXXVII.

Lucy Swift, of Ballyraggett, duly sworn and examined, deposeth
and saith, that she lived inldough in the beginning of the rebellion,
and being demanded what she knew of the murders committed in
Idough, she said that one Lewis Davis, a Welshman, was murdered
by one James IVIcWilliam O'Brenan, now in prison, and James
McDonnell, living in Idough, and that one William Stretton was
murdered by Melaghlin McTiegue, and that Barnaby Dempsy
hanged this examt. 's godmother Lucy Coale in his own town, where
she then lived.

Taken before us, lAtli Se2)t. 1652,
William IIeyuon.
[illegible.)

CLXXVIII.

Elizabeth Lawless, being examined upon oath, what she
knoweth of the murder of Eichard Barnard, son of Alexander
Barnard, deposeth that about Shrove Tuesday, in the year 1G41,
she, this deponent, being in the town of Castlecomer, did see Lewis
Brenan strike at the said Eichard Barnard (being then young, about
nine or ten years of age) with his sword drawn, and gave hiin first a
deep wound upon his head, and presently after on his face, and this
examt. thereupon saw the said Richard fall to the ground, and the
said Lewis Brenan, not being therewith satisfied, in pursuance of

90 THE IKISTI MASSACRES OF 1011.

his bloody and murderous disposition, took off a liempen cord from
a greyhound's neck, and put it about the said Eichard's neck, and
dragged him to his father's tenter hooks, and there the said Lewis
hanged him, the said Eichard, and being demanded what she knew
or conceived to be the reason of this murderous and bloody action,
she saith she knoweth no reason, unless it was because he, the boy,
was of English parents, and further saith, that the said boy came
out of the said castle of Castle Comer, not an hour, or thereabouts,
before he was murdered, and saith that the said LeAvis Brenan did
exceedingly vaunt, after he had perpetrated that bloody murder.

Elizabeth Lawless +
Taken before us,
John Stamer.

(illegible.) ■

Note.

William Collis of Kildare, saddler, sworn before Brereton and
Jones in 1G43, deposed that Walter White of Kildare, a commander
of the rebels, said in his (Collis's) hearing, that he thought ' tlie
worse of himself the day he saio any of the breed of English walk
along the streets of Kildare,' one of many proofs showing that the
rebels of English descent, but Irish by birth, were more inveterate
haters of the English rule than were the rebels of old Irish descent
and name. English writers of the seventeenth century noticed
that it needed only one generation to make the colonists of Ireland
more rebellious than the Irish themselves. John Glasse of Mount-
rath swore on the 8th of April, 1642, that Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson
were offered their lives if they would go to mass, but that they re-
fused to do so, ' the wife showing even more resolution than her
husband,' and ' when they pi'cssed her,' says the deponent, ' to burn
her bible, she said she would die on the point of the sword first,
which they both made good on the Sabbath day, tlie morning after
Twelfth Day last, when they were cruelly butchered and murdered
before mass time by the followers of Florence EitiiPatrick.' The
wife of FitzPatrick, according to several witnesses, was a most cruel
persecutor of the Protestants. Oliver Davoren of Eathmore, in
Kildare, sworn before Sterne and Aldrich, in January, 1641, deposed
that he was robbed of goods worth 281/. by one Lynch of Eathmore,
but that ' he saw no murders although ho heard that they were
committed.' He further swore that the said Lynch said in his
(deponent's) presence that ' it was no sin to rob and spoil heretics,
and that Catholics were not bound to spare them as neighbours.'

DEPOSITIONS. 91

CLXXIX.

The Examinal'wn of Alice Gregg, the widow of Richard Gregg,
late of LougJigall, in the county of Armagh.

(Ilarleian MSS., Erit. Mus. III. 5,999.)

This examt., duly sworn, deposetli that one Doglierty, a colonel
of the rebels, with others his soldiers and partakers, stripped at one
time three hundred Protestants about Loughgall of their clothes,
and then drove them like sheep into the church of Loughgall, and
there the said Dogherty publicly said to his bloody and rebellious
crew that all these, meaning the Protestants so imprisoned, should
be put to death, both men, women, and children, and then and
there caused the door of the church to be shut and locked, and left
them naked, save that some few covered themselves with straw,
where in that state they remained for four days after, having but
very poor allowance of victuals, and indeed scarce enough to keep
their bodies and souls together, and then by the command of the
said Dogherty, his merciless soldiers, with their skeans, set upon
this deponent, her husband, and children, and in the same church
gave her eight wounds in her head, and divided and cut her son
John Gregg whilst he was yet alive into quarters, and threw
them in his father's face ; then they stabbed her husband, and
gave him seventeen or eighteen wounds, and so murdered him, and
cut him in quarters in this deponent's sight. And then and there
in the same church the said rebels stabbed and quartered or other-
wise cut in pieces at least one hundred more Protestants, especially
those that were able to bear arms, and continued in their bloody
massacre and murder, which, as this deponent is verily persuaded,
had fallen upon all the rest, but that one Captain O'Eeilly forbade
them to kill any more ; so that these bloody and barbarous villains,
merely out of awe, desisted, and about a day after this deponent so
wounded, and many others all severely womided, were turned out of
the church, and were suffered to go up and down the country naked,
to taste of the cold and sorrowful charity of the usurphig, merciless,
and pitiless Irish. And this deponent is confident and partly
knoweth, that the rebels put to death, by drowning in the flood,
famine, hanging, and extreme tortures, almost all the Protestants
in the county thereabouts. Insomuch that one in a hundred
hardly escaped with life, as this deponent is verily persuaded. And

92 THE IRISH MASSACIJES OF IGll.

further saitli, that many of the poor Protestants tliat fled the bloody
hands of the rebel soldiers were afterwards most brutally murdered
by the very Irish cripples, and those women of base condition that
kept them company, which cripples and idle women did much vaunt
the glory of such their cruelties, wherein they had no little assist-
ance from their children, that, as far as their powers extended,
assisted and exceeded them in their merciless and bloody acts.
Jurat. 21si July, 1643,
Coram John Watson.
Wm. Aldkich.

CLXXX.

(Hiu-leian MSS., Brit. Mus. III. 5,999.)

Thomas Perkins, clerk, late curate of Lynally, in the King's
County, duly sworn, deposeth, that one Mr. Gearnye, who had been
in the said parish forty years, and was then near a hundred years
old, was killed by the Dempsies in his own house, and buried in a
ditch by the common road, and they murdered also one Jolm Ap
Hugh, and his wife, being sick in bed.

Note.
The above are accurate copies of the originals in the books in
Dublin, omitting details of the deponent's pecuniary losses, {v. In-
troduction, p. 129.)

CLXXXI.

Walter Disskcome {sic), a British Protestant of Mountrath, in
the Queen's County, sworn and examined, saith, that since the
beginning of the rebellion, viz. about the 11th of January, 1641
(0. S.), he was robbed of goods worth lOZ. by Captain Edmund
Butler and Tiegue {illegible). This deponent further saith, that he
knoweth Mr. John Nicholson and his wife were murdered upon the
Sabbath day morning, about seven of the clock, by the servants of
Florence FitzPatrick, to whom they (Mr, and Mrs. Nicholson) betook
themselves for protection, and this deponent hearing where and
how they were murdered, and finding the report true by finding the
said parties murdered in a wood near Mountrath in such a cruel and
barbarous manner as is hardly to be expressed, and this deponent,
desiring to do the neighbourly and Christian office to bury them in

DicT'osrrioxs. 93

the best manner lie was then able, he was pursued to all extremity of
his life because he tried to bury them, and the rebels came to his
house with their swords drawn to dispatch him, asking in Irish
' where that Enghsh churl was that buried Nicolson and his Avife,'
and they sought him all day in the neighbouring houses, thrusting
their swords into the hay to see if they could find him, but it pleased
God to offer an unexpected occasion to draw him from his own
house at the instant they thought him there, and his life was saved
by betaking himself to Maryborough. He heard that they inquired
whether the dogs and crows had as yet devoured Nicolson and his
wife, and it was answered they had not, for they were buried by
Disskcome, whereupon they (the Irish Catholics) professed he should
* need to-morrow someone to bury himself.'

Walter Disskcome -f
Jurat, nth April, 1G42,

Randalfj Adams.

rogek puttock.

CLXXXII.

Anne Southwell, late of Ballenekilly, county of Limerick,
widow, relict of Captain John Southwell, lately slain by the rebels,
duly sworn and examined before us, deposeth and saith, that about
Christmas last, and divers times since the beghming of the present
rebellion, she was robbed and forcibly despoiled of her goods and
chattels worth 1,472/. 10s. She further saith, that she was robbed
of all her goods, quick and dead, by the hands and means of William
CuUum of Lismoly, county Limerick, gent., and his eldest son ;
James FitzGerald of Kilkenane in said county, gent., Edmund
Pursell of Ballincullane, gent., and their soldiers to the number of
300. She also saith, that her said husband was, on Easter Tuesday
last, shot and killed by an ambush of rebels at Grange bridge in the
said county as he was on his way to relieve Newcastle. She saith
that one Maurice Herbert of Eathkeale, in the said county, Esquire,
about Candlemas last did hang three Englishmen of Eathkeale, but
their names she knoweth not. She also saith, that Mrs. Anne
Woodhall, wife to Mr. Woodhall, gent., with her daughter Amie, and
Josias Walker, gent, and his wife ; Anne Gerald, wife to Maurice Fitz-
Gerald, Mr. Jennings, a minister, Mr. Escott and his wife, late of the
Castle of Mahonagh, with divers others, unknown, to the number of
forty, were stripped naked by Thomas McGibbon of Mahonagh,

94 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

gent., and his followers, who hanged eight of those so stript parties
unlmown. This act was done about Christmas last. She also saith,
that she saw two letters under the hands of Richard Stevenson of
Dunmoylan, and Maurice Herbert of Eathkeale, Esq., aforesaid,
therein persuading this deponent's husband, to whom they directed
the said letters, to change his religion and join with them, and that
suddenly too, for otherwise it would not serve his turn, ' notwith-
standing all our. puritan helps that we were likely to have out of
England and Scotland.' She lastly saith, that Mr. Thomas Philips of
Ballyea, in said county, formerly a reputed Protestant, since this

rebellion is turned Papist.

Anne Southwell.
Jurat, coram nobis,
2dth Sept. 1G42,
Phil. Bisse.
Pvo. Southwell.

Note.

This deponent was Anne, oldest daughter and co-heir of Sir
John Dowdall of Kilfinny Castle, in the county Limoriclc, by his
wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Soutliwell of Poylong in
the county Cork, Captain John Southwell was the eldest son of
Edmund Southwell, Esq., of Castle ]\Iattress, in the county Limerick,
by Catherine, daughter and heir of Garret Herbert of Eathkeale, in
the same county. Thus Captain Southwell and the Herberts of
Eathkeale (the descendants of an Elizabethan or early Tudor colonist)
were relatives, which accounts for their warning him to change his
religion. Captain Southwell died s. p., his widow Ann married
William Piggott, Esq., of Kiliinny, by whom she had a son and heir,
John Piggott, and two daughters, Martha married to Lieutenant-
Colonel Stamerof Clare, and Elizabeth married Thomas FitzGerald
of Woodhouse. The Eathkeale Herberts lost almost everything in
1649, and the family is now extinct in the male line. The last notice
I have been able to find of them is in the will of Morgan O'Conncll
of Kilfinny in 1747 (my great-great-grandfather), which mentions
his ' nephew Garret Herbert of Eathkeale.' For Lady Dowdall's
curious account of her spirited defence of Kilfinny Castle against the
Irish in 1G42, see the appendix to Belling's History of the Irish
Catholic Confederation, edited by Mr. Gilbert as before mentioned.
One of her five daughters and co-heiresses marrying Sir Hardress
Waller, that regicide's life was spared after the Eestoration in con-
sideration of the Dowdall's loyalty.

DEPOSITIONS. 95

CLXXXIII.

Thomas Southwell, of Cloughkeltred, in the county of Lime-
rick, gent., duly sworn and examined, deposetli and saith, that he
was robbed and despoiled by the rebels of goods and chattels worth
1,854Z. He further saith, that Thomas Whitby of Eathkeale, hus-
bandman, James Bowerman of the same, husbandman, Edward
Parsons of the same, labourer, John Gale, tailor, John Sworder,
labourer, Maurice Branagh, an Irish Protestant, Tiegue McCono-
glier, of the same, an Irish Papist, yeoman, but true to him (this
deponent), Edward Harding of the same, were taken away about
Lady Day last and half hanged by Maurice Herbert of Eathkeale,
and Garret Herbert, his son, a captain of rebels, who threw three
of the said English into the river Deele ; also he saith, that a poor
English maid of Eathkeale was thrown off the bridge into the said
river, by the said Herbert's soldiers, and she swimming to the
shore was beaten off by them, and brained with stones. Not long
after one Stubbs, near Eathkeale, a fellmonger, was murdered, as
is conceived, by the said Herbert's directions ; also he saith, that
about the beginning of September last one Eobert Eice of Eath-
keale, gent., was nmrdered in his bed, after quarter given to the
Castle of Callow wiiere he was, also Thomas Eussell and Thomas
Eggshill of the same, husbandmen, were murdered at Eathkeale by
Stephenson's followers immediately after the report came that Oliver

Stephenson was killed in battle.

Thos. Southwell.
Jurat, coram nobis,
Ufh October, 1G42,
Phil. Bisse.
Tristram Whitcombb.
Eg, Southwell.

Note.

Thomas Southwell was the younger brother of the husband of the
former deponent and the fifth son of Edward Southwell by Catherine
Herbert of Eathkeale. For his services in 1G41 he was appointed
Commissioner for the precinct of Limerick in 1G53, and in the fol-
lowing year was High Sherill" for the counties of Limerick, Kerry,
and Clare. After the Eestoration he was created a baronet, and
from him descends the present Lord Southwell.

96 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

CLXXXIV.

Dame Barbara Browne, late of the town and parish of the
Hospital, in the barony of Small, in the county of Limerick, duly
sworn and examined on behalf of Sir John Browne, Knt,, her
husband, deposeth and saith, that on the 1st day of January, 1641
(0. S.), and since, by the means of the present rebellion in Ireland,
her said husband lost, or was robbed of goods and chattels, &c.,
worth 3,800Z. She also saith, that the said lands and house of
Hospital, oxen, cows, and steer were taken away by Murtogh O'Brian
of Duharra, of Upper Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, gent.,
and John O'Kennedy, of the same, on the 1st of January aforesaid,
and tlie horses and mares were taken away about the same time by
John Lacy of Karrigkelle {sic), near the said Hospital, gent., Maurice
Hurly of Knocklong, eldest son of Thomas Hurley of Knocklong,
Esq., and the household stuff was taken away by ]\Iaurice Baggot of
Baggotstown, in the same county, gent., about the 21st of March
last past, and Dermot O'Brian of Coonagh, gent., and his followers ;
another part of the household stuff' left at the castle of Lough Gur,
near Any, was taken away by' the Lord of Castleconnel, Captain
Pierce Walsh of the Abbey of Owny, Esq., in the said county, and
their followers. The rest that was kept at the Castle of Limerick
was taken when the said castle was taken by the besiegers with
General Purcell, &c. The corn in the haggard was taken away by
Morris Baggot and Dermot O'Brien aforesaid, on the 1st of March,
1641, the corn in the ground, as she is informed, was reaped and
taken away by means of the said Lord Castleconnell, the houses
were demolished by rebels whose names she knoweth not.

She also saith, that the Castle of Castletown, where she fled for
refuge, was besieged upon the 26th of March, 1642, by Luke Purcell
of Croagh, Lieut. -General ; Captain John FitzGerald, second brother
to Thomas FitzGerald of the Glyn, Esquire, Lieut, -Col, Garret
Purcell of Curragh, and divers others to the number of two or three
hundred rebels, who lay close to the castle, so that the besieged could
not stir out ; during which time she often heard the besiegers say
that they had the King's authority for what they did. During the
siege one Thomas Hill, shoemaker, of Castletown, was killed by a
shot from the besiegers, and at length for want of water the place
was yielded up, about the 13th of May following ; having been
besieged five weeks and odd days, the quarter was for their lives and

DEPOSITIONS. 97

wearing clothes, and a few other comraoditieg. After the quarter

was given and taken, this deponent was conveyed to Cork by a

sufficient convoy, the said Patrick Purcell conducting her with

wonderful civility all the way, and as they were going along the

said Purcell, in a serious manner, told this deponent that he had

been twice excommunicated before he would take up anns, and that

he would rather suffer for his religion than take up arms as he did,

if he thought that there was not the king's authority for it. She

also saith, that being brought near Macroom, the Lord Castleconnell,

her nephew, mightily tempted her to mass, promishig her thereupon

a restitution of what she had lost, which she denying, he wished

her to leave her children with him, that they might be bred up

Catholics under him, promising her withal that none but Papists

should possess a foot of land again in Ireland. And further she

cannot depose.

Bakdaka Beowne.
Jurat, coram nobis, itli Feb. 1642,

Peecy Smith.

Phil. Bisse.

Note.

This deponent was the daughter of John Boyle, Bishop of Cork,
and the wife of Sir John Browne, Knt., son of Sir Thomas Browne,
who had a grant in 1G04 of the preceptory or Hospital of Awney, in
the county of Limerick (a foundation of the Knights of St. John), with
the lands around it. The wife of Sir Thomas Browne was maternally
descended from an old Anglo-Irish family, named Brown, settled in
Limerick and Kerry before the twelfth century (and not related in
blood to her husband, who was an Enghshman), who were Masters or
Warders of Awney before 1560. The sister of Sir John Browne was
the mother of Lord Castleconnell, whom Dame Barbara Browne
therefore calls her ' nephew.' Iler only daughter Elizabeth, heiress
by survival of her brother to Hospital, married Captain Thomas
Browne of Molahiff, county Kerry, and had by him a daughter, who
married her cousin Nicholas, second Lord Kenmare, ancestor of
the present Earl of Kenmare. Castletown, the seat of Sir Hardresa
Waller, Lady Dowdall's son-in-law, was a rich booty for the rebels
if the immensely long bill for damages in the form of a deposition,
furnished by its owner m 1644-9, be not exaggerated. The inventory
of lands, houses, corn, hay, cows, horses, household furniture, &c., in
this deposition of Sir Hardress Waller's covers five or six pages of the
Limerick book, and over each one of them the pen has been drawn.

VOL. II.

H

98 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

It would have been too unmerciful to inflict the reading of this tedious

inventory on the king and parliament. But to modern readers it

lias some interest as giving us an idea of the fine and useful articles

in an Irish gentleman's country house in 1G41, and their separate

money values, compared witli the value of similar articles at tlie

present day. The following are a few of the items : —

£

Hangings and tapestry for drawing-room . . . 100.

Eiderdown and feather beds and flock do., with bol-
sters, pillows, blankets, rugs, and caddows . . 80.

Canapies [sic] and vallances . . . . .15.

One dozen of Turkey work cushions ... 3.

Do. of chairs 26.

Half a dozen very rich cushions .... 6.

Half a dozen cushions of satin richly embroidered . 8.

Six green broad cloth stools richly embroidered, with
a large carpet, and cupboard cloth richly em-
broidered . . . . . . . .10.

Three large cloth carpets, and one dozen of chair
covers, same cloth, three cupboard cloths of same
consisting of sixteen yards of broad cloth . . 5.

One large couch with bed and bolsters of rich taffeta 6.

Two very rich Turkey carpets 10.

Four copper vessels for brewing, washing, &c. . . 2G.

Four iron pots valued at . . . . . .2.

A great iron jack, being a thing hard to be got in this
kingdom . . . . . . . .8.

In white earthenware of all sort, basin, ewers, and
candlesticks ........ 10.

One great chest of books ...... GO.

One pair of great bossed andirons of brass and tAvo
pair bound with brass 10.

Three pairs of plain iron andirons, half a dozen spits,
and four great dripping-pans .... 3.

It is strange to find an ' iron jack ' costing more than half as
much as a ' Turkey carpet.' The ' caddows ' in the first item must
have been counterpanes, the word was used for such articles in
Ireland until the middle of the last century. The ' Turkey work '
must have been a kind of ' crewel work,' the former name being the
most appropriate to describe the useless expenditure of woman's
time, lounging on one embroidered cushion to embroider another.
Every pound in the above probably represented ten of our present
money.

DErOSITIONS. 99

CLXXXV.

Beatrice, tlie wife of CnRiSTorHEE Hopditch, late of Esuddogli
{sic) in the county of Clare, sworn and examined, saitli, that since the
beginning of the present rebellion, that is to say about Christmas,
1G41, this deponent and her said husband were robbed and dis-
possessed, at Esuddogli and Kilfenora, of horses, cattle, corn, pro-
vision, and other things, their goods and chattels, worth 1501. , by
the rebels, John Anderson now of Esuddogli, yeoman, Dermot
O'Brian of Dromore Castle in the county of Clare, Esquire, nephew
to the Earl of Thomond, ]\Ioyle MacBrody of the parish of Inslii-
crony in the said county, gent., Cahil O'Eoghan of the same, gent.,
Garrald O'Flannigan of Kilfenora, gent., and their soldiers and
servants, whoso names this deponent cannot express. And further
saith, that her husband and she being for safety of their lives fled to
the castle of Inshicrony, they were there robbed and deprived of
their household stuff, provisions, and the rest of their goods and
chattels, worth fifty pounds, on the 21st of March, 1G41, and then
and there her husband was cruelly murdered by John O'Grady, James
Ogo O'Grady, Brian O'Grady, Loghlin Oge O'Grady, Gilladoffe
O'Shaughnessy, William O'Shaughncssy, and Cahill 0' (illegible),
all of the parish of Inshicrony, gent., and by divers others of the
neighbours thereabouts, whose names she cannot remember now.
And further saith, that the rebels aforesaid, or some of them, also
at that time and at Inshicrony aforesaid, cruelly murdered one
Peter Newman, this deponent's brother-in-law, Eichard Adams and
his wife, whom they undertook to convey aAvay, but murdered her
on the way ; Anthony Davies, Eobert Hart, Eobert Blenkinsopp,
John Holland, Eichard Blagrove, Thomas Watson, a servant of
Mr. Heathcote of Inshicrony and William Abbot, all English
Protestants, and proper able men, and they also murdered the wife
of Thomas Watkins, and her two children, and another child of
William (blank) the turner, and generally robbed and stripped of
all their means all the Protestants in the country thereabouts, and
carried arms with, for, and amongst the other rebels, and committed
divers outrages and cruelties.

And at length this deponent for more safety fled to the castle of
Ballially in the said county of Clare, and she and about a hundred
more Protestants were there from about the 20th of June, 1G42,
last past, until about the 4th of September following, besieged by

H 2

100 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

the rebels aforesaid, and by Connor O'Brien of Leminagh, and Chris-
topher 0 'Brian, brother to the Lord of Inchiquin, Dermot O'l'rian
of Dromore, nephew to the Earl of Thomond, Connor O'Brian,
eldest son to Sir Donnell O'Brian, Knight, Loghlin ]\IcLoughlin near
to Kilfenora, and a great number of rebel soldiers, whose names she
cannot express. But she often observed seven several colours dis-
played and flying amongst them ; which said rebels having brought
with them from Limerick a brass piece of ordnance, did therewith
make several shots against the castle of Ballially, and prepared and
brought near the same castle baskets of earth, and engines, called
sows, and thereby, and by their shots against the said castle those
within it durst not go out, and were driven to that extremity for want
of victuals that they were glad to eat the flesh of horses, dogs, and to
feed upon nettles and other weeds, so that divers sickened and died,
and some that had five or six children in the beginning would have
none left alive at the end of the week. And at length the assailant
rebels, as it seemed, growing partly weary of all their attempts, came
to a parley with those in the castle, and offered terms of fair quarter
to be given upon surrender. And so much and so far that the said
Christopher Brian, by his adulations and fair speeches, prevailed and
persuaded with one Maurice Cuffe, who was one of the chief gentlemen
in the castle, that he and the wife of Mr. Winter Bridgeman, and one
Mr. Hill, Thomas Cuffe and John Cruise, that they went out to the
said Christopher Brian and the rest of the rebels. But they were no
sooner gone a little out of the castle but that the rebels laid violent
hands on the said Morrice Cufl'e, Mrs. Winter Bridgeman, and Mr.
Hill and made them prisoners. But the other two, viz. the said
Thomas Cuffe and John Crewse, suddenly overran them and fled
back into the castle, and the other three were kept prisoners for
ten days or thereabouts. Then the rebels erected a gallows in sight
of the castle, whither they brought the prisoners, threatening to
hang them if those in the castle would not surrender it. But that
way prevailed not, and they took away the prisoners again and kept
them in great misery for a good space. At length when the said
Morrice Cuffe writ a letter to the castle, telling in what misery he
and the other prisoners were, and what little hope there was of
relief, those that then commanded in the castle, and others therein,
pressed by extreme want of meat, and seeing no means of relief,
took quarter to go away with their lives and half their goods, and
so did depart away, and left the castle to the rebellious enemy.
And then this deponent being very sick and weak, getting to an

DErOSITIONS. 101

Irislnnan's house near there was there kept for some time. But being
laboured to go to mass, she and her children privately escaped away,
and at length, though she was very weak, got to the castle of Barnes-
more in the night, and from thence got to Galway, and from thence
by sea to Dublin. And further saitli, that in the acting of cruelties the
rebellious women were more fierce and cruel than the men. And
amongst the rest one Sarah O'Brian, sister to the said Dermot
O'Brian, undertook to convey out of the castle of Dromore the said
Peter Newman and his wife, this deponent's sister, and their family,
so as she might have their goods. But when she had gotten their
goods, she suffered the barbarous rebclls there first to cut off the said
Peter Newman's arm, and afterwards extremely to torture him, and at
length to shoot him to death, and after the said Sarah had stripped the
said Peter's wife and children of their clothes turned them away, ex-
posed to the dangers of those persons whom, as she told this deponent,
she had hired to kill them. But they having notice of her bloody inten-
tions did by God's assistance escape the danger by going another way.

BeATKICE + Hoi'DITCH.

Jurat. Mth May, 1643,
John Stebnb.

Hen. Bkereton. '

Note.

Andrew Chaplin, a Protestant clergyman, one of the besieged in
Ballially Castle, sworn and examined on the 12th of May, 1043,
before Commissioners Bisse and J. Wallis, made a long deposition,
in all things confirming ]\Irs. Hopditch's evidence. He says that —
" About the Gtli of August, 1642, the said besiegers of the.castle
of Ballially, or some of them near the said castle murdered or caused
to be murdered the inidernamed persons, "namely Adam Baker late
of Ballymacagill, in the county of Clare, yeoman, Ambrose
"Webster, miller, of Inish in the said county, John Walker, yeoman,
of Lisson in the said county, Thomas White, mason, late of Knock-
derry in the said comity, John Twisden, yeoman, late of Bally-
vanny in the said county, John Sutche, yeoman, late of Ballyally,
John Burgess, yeoman, late of Inish aforesaid, Robert Harte, yeo-
man, of the same place [illegible), whereof being murdered, and
then stripped, their corpses lay about the ground not far from
the castle walls, and were not suffered by means of the said parties
to be buried, mitil the dogs and crows did pick and eat up their
carcasses."

102 THE IRISH massacres of ig41.

CLXXXVI.

Elizabeth Haekis, relict of Sir Thomas Harris, Knt., late of
Tralee in the county of Ken-y, sworn and examined, deposeth and
saith, that since the beginning of the present rebellion her said
husband, Sir Thomas Harris, and she were by means of the rebel-
lion despoiled and robbed of their plate, money, jewels, household
stuff, beasts, money, cattle, horses, and other goods and chattels
amounting to the sum of 2,000Z. And that she by means of the
present rebellion is deprived and expelled from the possession of
rents and profits of lands assigned and appointed to her for life for
her jointure amounting to 500L per an., one year's profits being
already lost, and the future profits she is likely to lose and be
deprived of until a peace be established. And she further saith, that,
as she is credibly informed and hath too great cause to believe, her
said husband. Sir Thomas Harris, after he had defended the castle of
Tralee for six months, or thereabouts, against the violent assaults
and attempts of the rebels, he was driven and exposed to such wants,
that he drank puddle and corrupted water, and by that means and
other'- wants he died, and that after his death the remainder of the
men that assisted him, wanting a governor and means, were forced
to leave or surrender the said castle, being not able any longer to
keep the same.

Eliza. Harris.
Jurat. Jan. ith, 1G42,

John Watson.
Wm. Aldrich.

Note.

This deponent was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Anthony Forrest,
Knt., of Huntingdon, and wife of Arthur Denny, Esq., of Tralee
Castle, eldest son of Sir Edward Denny, Knt., by his wife Margaret
Edgecombe, daughter of Piers Edgecombe of Mount Edgecombe,
and maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth. Sir Edward Denny,
the cousin german of Ealeigh and Sir Humphrey Gilbert, had
obtained a grant of Desmond's chief castle and town of Tralee,
with a fine estate around it, for his gallant services against the rebels
in 1570-84. His eldest son, Arthur Denny, died in 1G19, leaving a son
and heir, Sir Edward Denny of Tralee Castle in 1G41, and M.P. for
the county, who had married in 1625 Euth, daughter of Roper, Lord
15 altinglas, and cousin maternally of Sir Philip Sidney. Sir Edward

DErOSITlONS. 103

Denny had by this lady nme children (from his eldest son descends
the present Sir Edward Denny, Bart.), the youngest, a daughter, was
only a few weeks old when the rebellion began in Ulster. His
mother, who made the above deposition, had married secondly Sir
Thomas Harris, Knt., of the old family of his name at Cornworthy,
Devonshire, and when Sir Edward Denny went to join the troops
mider Sir William St. Leger in Cork (having sent his wife and young
children to England) he left his castle of Tralee to the care of his
stepfather. Lord Kerry w^as appointed governor of Kerry by St.
Leger, and at his request Sir Edward Denny, who had a garrison at
Castlemaine, delivered the ward of that place to Captain Thomas
Sprhig, by whom it was soon after surrendered to the Irish. Pierce
Ferriter, owner of a good estate and the Ferriters or Blasquet
Islands on the west coast of Kerry, was appointed captain of some
troops collected in that neighbourhood, whom Lord Kerry supplied
with arms, but in a few weeks Ferriter carried off both men and
arms to the rebel side, and proceeded to besiege Tralee Castle. He
was a man of considerable ability, and a long poem in Irish, written
by him on the death of a son of the Knight of Kerry, who died in
Spain circa 1G40, has been translated by Crofton Croker and pub-
blished in the Percy Society publications. Lord Kerry fled to Cork,
and from thence to England, in February, 1G41-2. His brothers
joined the rebels. The depositions here given and a document in
the appendix show the sufferings of the besieged at Tralee. Dr.
Smith when writing his history of Kerry in 1750 had access to
an hiteresting journal kept by Elkanah Knight, a steward of Sir
Edward Demiy's, who was in the castle during the siege. This MS.
has of late years been lost or stolen, but from Smith's abstract of
its contents we are able to test and supplement some of the
following depositions.

CLXXXVII.

Stephen Love, late of the town and parish of Killarney, in the
barony of Magunihy, within the county of Kerry, a British Protes-
tant, duly sworn and examined before us by virtue of a commission
bearing date 5th of March, 1G41, concerning the robberies and
spoils since this rebelUon committed upon the British and Protes-
tants in the province of Munster, deposeth and saith, that on or
about the 15th of November, 1641, Edmund Hussey of Eath, in the
said county, Esquire, steward and overseer to Sir Valentine Broome

104' THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1611.

Bart., now under age, came to Killarney aforesaid, and there warned
the Enghsh inhabitaiits of the same to consult together and muster
there under and according to the tenor of their respective leases,
being bound by them severally to have so many men in readiness in
times of open insurrection, which being then denied, amongst others,
by this deponent, fearing ho and the rest thereby to bo betrayed of
their firearms, and also because the Papists generally deceived great
statesmen, this deponent then and there told the said Hussey that
he and the rest (of the Protestants) had doubtless reason to mistrust
them. The said Hussey then made answer, * This national distinc-
tion will breed a national quarrel,' and pressing them further saith,
• Nay, and it shall breed a quarrel.' This deponent saith that since
that time the said Hussey has gone into actual open rebellion and is
one of the committee for the said county.

From the best information and intelligence this deponent could
learn, the said Hussey was from time to time a messenger between
the enemy and Sir Thomas Harris, and the rest of the English in
the castle of Tralee, who were besieged from the 14th of February,
1641, until the Christmas following, during which time the English
in the castle endured extreme misery, being at least five or six
hundred souls when they went into tlie same, and there were three
hundred of them perished through the extremity of the siege, some
of them being driven to eat bran and tallow, and others raw hides ;
this was occasioned by the hands and means of Donnel MacCarthy of
Ballincarrig [sic) m the same county, gent., then colonel in the said
siege. Captain Florence MacFineen, commonly called Sugan, since
killed in rebellion, Donogh MacFineen of Ardtully, Esquire, Pierse
Ferriter of Ferriter's Island, in the said county, gentleman, then
captain of a company, Tiegue MacDermot and Cormac Carty of
Tiernagouse, in the said county, gentlemen. Captain Morris Mac-
Eligot of Ballymacelgott {sic), in the said county, gentleman, Walter
Hussey of Castle Gregory, gentleman, Plielim MacFineen of Tulla-
ghie, gent., Dermot O'Dingle of Ballinacourty, gent., Nicholas Mac-
Tliomas of Ballylcealy, gent., Garret MacPatrick, alias Pieree, near
Ballinfroyne in the same county, gent.. Garret Mac James FitzGerald
of Ballymora, gent., John FitzGerald, commonly called John Atlea
{i.e., of the hills or sides of the hills) of Glandine, gent., Edmund
FitzMaurice of Listohill [i.e., Listowel), gent., James Knowde of
Abbeydorna, Esquire, Francis Knowde, his brother, of the same, gent.,
Pierse Fitz James FitzPierse of Ardfert, gent., Donogh MacGillicuddy
of Castlecorr, gent., Arthur O'Leary of Kilcours {illegible), Owen

DEPOSITIONS.

105

O'Sullivan, alias O'Sullivan llov of Diuikerron in the same county,
Esquire, Douell O'Sullivan of Coolmagort, gent., Owen Donell
MacCarty, alias Moylc of Dunguile, gent., Owen MacDerraot O'Sul-
livan of Formoyle (in Iveragli), gent. Fineen MacDermot Mac-
Fineen of Kenmare, gent., now high sheriff of the same comity of
Kerry Tiegue O'Donoghue, alias O'Donoghue of Glanflesk m the
same 'county, gent., and Jeffrey, Daniel, and Tiegue O'Donoghue,
his sons, of the same, gent., Cormack Eeagh MacCarthy of Lyshm-
goune in the same, gent., and Donogh MacCormac, his hrother, gent
Donell MacMoirtaghe, alias Moriartaghe, of Castle Drum, gent.
Owen MacFerris of Ballymalis, in the same county, gent., and
John and Donnell Ferris of the same, gentlemen, Thomas Mac-
Tirlogh of Noghoval, in the same county, gent. Tirlogh Mac-
Dermot O'Connor, son and heir of Dermot McTirlogh of Bally gowan,
in the said county, gent., Thomas Plunkett of Gorthainvoga {sic) va
the same, gent., John and Patrick Plunkett, his brothers, of the
same, gentlemen, Richard McElgott of Batanny, in the said county,
gent John Field, doctor of physick, a most pestHent and pernicious
enemy to the English nation, and one of the Committee for the said
county. Florence MacCarthy of Castle Logh [illegihlc), governor of
the said county. James Browne, gent., of Ross, Morris FitzEdmund
of Clonratt, gent., Edward Spring of Killaghie, gent., Thomas
Spring of Stradbally, Esquire, Daniel Creagh of Castlcmame, gent.,
John Pierse of KiUiny, gent., one of the attornies of his Majesty s
Court of Common Pleas, and {illegible) of the said county's Coimci ,
Caroll O'Sugrue of Castle Curr, in the said comity, gent, [illcgihle],
Mortogh McEgan of Cam {illegible), in the said county, gent. The
above named parties, either in their own proper persons or by their
counsel and assistance, were at several times at the siege of Tralee,
as also at the sieges of other castles in the said county, where the
English betook themselves for safety.

This deponent further saith, that about Easter the above named
Phehm MacFineen MacCarthy, being exasperated against the
English for the death of Captain Sugaii, who about that time was
killed in open rebellion, hard by Cork, came to the castle of Ross
in the same county Kerry, where divers English Protestaaits were
living, and then and there drew and hauled out of the castle the
undernamed persons, namely Thomas Whittell and Margery his wife,
two old people past three score years of age, or thereabouts, Patrick
llaysam, and Mary his wife, then great with child, John Heard and
his wife, George Lincgar, the widow Hawkins, aged three score and

106 THE imSII MASSACRES OF IGIL

ten years, and to the number of nine others, who no sooner came
a Httle distance from the castle, than they were all immediately
stripped by the means of the said Phelim, and kept up close and
naked in the market-place of Killarney, and afterwards being con-
veyed two miles from the town, they were in a most inhuman manner
murdered, one of the women being buried alive.

About the latter end of November last, this deponent being
then in the castle of Ballycarthy, where the said Florence came to
take possession of the same from Kobert Blennerhassett, Esquire, he
then observed those particulars following ; first, the said Florence
then and there produced a list of all the names of the lords and
commons assembled in their parliament at Kilkenny, and then in
this deponent's presence did aver that Nicholas Plunket, Esq., and
counsellor-at-law, was speaker of the said parliament ; he likewise
produced a rough draft of the several acts concluded in the said
assembly, namely, that all manner of persons, of what degree, state,
or condition soever, should take the oath of union and association
in this general cause, as they termed it, otherwise to be dealt
withal as enemies and accounted of the malignant party, and to
maintain the Roman Catholic cause, to the uttermost of their skill
and endeavour, and not to embrace any particular pardon until
such time as a general pardon was granted for the whole kingdom,
&c., &c. . . . During the siege of the castle of Traly aforesaid,
William Bolton of Glanoroght, in the said county, carrier, Lawrence
Tristram of Traly aforesaid, gaoler, John Abraham of Ballycarthy.
husbandman, English Protestants, were hanged at Traly, by direction
or appointment of the said persons or some of them, likewise John
Carty of Cloghane in the said county, husbandman, being sent from
Ballycarthy aforesaid by Captain John Hasset to Cork to Sir Edward
Denny to give intelligence how the English and Protestants stood
in the county, at his coming back was apprehended by the above-
named rebels or some of them and then and there was hanged at
Traly aforesaid. This deponent lastly saith, that John Picrse, above
named, John Madden of Itattoo, in the said county, gentlemen,
Christopher Holcome of the same (illegible), and his wife Ellen
Holcome, and their daughter Anne, Eichard Curtis, yeoman, of the
same, Richard Linegar and his wife Mary, of the same, being
formerly English Protestants, are since this rebellion turned Papists,
and further deposeth not.

Jurat, coram nobis, ^rd Feb. 1642,

Phil. Bisse.

Thos. Bettesworth.

DEPOSITIONS.

107

Note.
This 'appears to be a copy made by the Commissioners. It is
si-ned by them, but not by Stephen Love. The omitted portion
merely relates to the proceedings of the Confederation at Kilkenny,
as told by Florence MacCarthy to Robert Blennerhassett, after the
sm-render of Ballycarthy. Sir Valentine Browne, second baronet,
the son of Sir Valentine Browne, by Mary, sister of Donogh Lord
Muskerry, was a child of three years old when the rebellion broke
out.

CLXXXVIII.
Michael Vines, late of the town and precinct of Tralee, in the
county of Kerry, shoemaker, a British Protestant, duly sworn and
examined before us by virtue of his Majesty's commission, deposeth
and saith, that about the last of January, 1G41 (0. S.), he lost, was
robbed, or forcibly despoiled of his goods and chattels, worth 340^.,
part consisting of debts due by Papists who are now out in open
rebellion, as Walter Hussey of Castle Gregory, gent.. Garret
Mc James of Ballymacthomas, gent., John Mac James of Ballymace-
quim, gent., John Iluggan of Lixnaw, tailor, Patrick Purcell of
Croagh, in the county Limerick, gent., John a Clee of Caragh, in
the county of Kerry, gent., Conagher O'Dynan of Liselton, Dermot
O'Dingle of Ballinacourty, gent., Thomas MacEdmund of Dunlow,
gent., John MacVaine (sic) of Ballymacthomas, gent., Morrish
FitzGerald of Gallerush {sic), gent.. Pierce Ferriter of Ballyferriter,
gent., Nicholas Trant of Ventry, gent., John Golden {sic) of Ventry,
gent., Patrick Trant of Ventry, gent., all of the said county of Kerry,
and divers others, and therefore this deponent cannot get any
satisfaction. This deponent further saith, that he and his wife and
seven children were forced to go into the castle of Tralee in the
possession of Sir Edward Denny {illegible) there was the short
castle of the freehold of Stephen Rice of Dingledecuish, gentleman,
a Papist and out in rebellion where they were closely blocked up
and besieged nearly three quarters of a year by Colonels Donogh
Oge MacCarthy of {illegible) and Edmund FitzMaurice of Ardagh,
Esq., Captain Picrse Ferriter of Ballyferriter, Esq., Capt. Dermot
O'Dingle of Ballincourty, Esq., Capt. Walter Hussey of Castle
Gregory, Esq., Capt. Donnell McMortogh of Castle Druim, Capt.
Morrish McElgot of BallymacElgot, Esq., Capt. Garrett MacJames

108 THE IRISH INIASSACRES OF 1041.

of Ballymacthomas, Esq., Capt. Jolin FitzGeralcl of Caragli, alias
Jolm A Glee, Esq., Capt. MacFineen MacCarthy of Clonaragh, Esq.,
Capt. Florence MacFineen MacCarthy, alias Captain Sugan, Esq.,
Capt. James Browne of Killarney, Esq., Capt. Florence MacCarthy
of Pallasmor, Esq., Capt. O'SuUivan Mor, Esq., Captain MacGilla-
cuddy, Esq., who was formerly a Protestant, but is since turned
Papist, near Bally {illegible), and Captain O'Donoghue of the Glins
near Killarney (who, as it was credibly reported, undertook the
undermining of the said castle), and divers others, to the number of
about a thousand armed men, and this deponent saith, that during
the time of the siege they were undermined at four quarters of
the castle, and the warders within countermined against them
again.

And further he saith, that they (the Irish) Ijrought four sows
which the warders of the said castle broke and burnt killing those
within them, and again they (the Irish) brought a great piece, and
shot fourteen shots at the castle, and boat down the battlements
of the said castle, and this deponent likewise saith, that he heard
Captain Pierce Ferriter and other rebels did say, that they had the
King's Commission for what they did, and therewithal he sent a
copy of the same unto the warders of the said castle, and said that
we were the rebels and those (with him) the king's subjects, and
further, he, this deponent, saith, that they were forced to eat raw
salt hides, that did stink, and to drink water that was as black as
ink, and as thick as if it were thickened with flour, and other water
there was full of yellow clay, and he saith, that there died of want,
or were killed by the enemy to the number of at least two hundred
men, women, and children, and during the siege of the said castle
there was killed outside it, as this deponent was credibly informed
by some of the rebels themselves, the number of three hundred.
And he also saith, that the castle was yielded upon quarter for their
lives, and a suit of clothes a piece, and that {illegible) Bradfield
of Tralee, yeoman, John McMorrish of {illegible), yeoman, John
O'Lenane of Tralee, yeoman, John McMurrogh of Ballycarty, yeo-
man, who before this rebellion were Protestants, have since turned
Papists, and go under the rebel's colours and do fight for the rebels
against the English, and further he saith that two that were
English Protestants before this war have since turned Papists, and
conveyed powder to the rogues for using against the English castles,
their names are these, John Hollis and George Hollis of the Island
of Kerry, brothers, and yeomen.

DI'rOSITIONS. 109

lie also Scaith, tliat one John Williams, alias John Eoe, hereto-
fore of the town of Tralee, servant to one Thomas Day of Tralee,
nud since one of the warders of the short castle of Tralee aforesaid,
about midsummer last stole forth out of the ward, and ran to the
enemy that besieged the said castle, and discovered to them the
designs of the English of both castles concerning the prey of cattle
near the castles which they had gotten for their relief, and had it
not been for the aforesaid discovery by which their design was
defeated and they of the castle for want of provision enforced to
yield {sic) two months sooner, which John Williams from that time
went and bare arms amongst the rebels. This deponent also saith,
that he was credibly informed by many that John Blennerhassett of
Ballycarty, alias Captain John Hassett, about Christmas Day, 1G41,
when the enemy was going from Castlemaine towards Tralee Castle,
with a piece of ordnance for the battery of the said castle, the
carriage of the piece then faihng on the way, did send a carpenter
to the carriage to mend the same for the enemy. This deponent
also saith, that Eobert Blennerhassett of Ballycarty aforesaid,
father to the said John, said to this deponent, that the Irish never
did him any hurt, his ground being ploughed and sown by the
rebels his tenants, who robbed many of the English thereabouts,
but as for him (Vines) and others of the English Protestants,
he, Kobert Blennerhassett, said that the ground was the worse
that the English trod upon it. This examt. also observed that
Robert Blennerhassett would suffer harmless the Irish to cut
whatever wood they wanted for their use, and never contradict
them, but that if any of the English went to the wood to cut
but a stick of wood, then they would be presently threatened and
beaten by his servants whom he had appointed and who were very
rebels.

This day also came before us Nicholas Roberts, late of Bally-
maccligot, within the county of Kerry, husbandman, who being duly
sworn and examnied, saith, that the deposition concerning the names
of the besiegers of Tralee Castle are true. The deponents (Vines and
Roberts) also say that about the last day of November, about the
time that the castle of Ballycarthy was yielded to the rebels, they
saw these persons sworn upon the bible and on their knees to the
oath of association with the rebels, viz. Eobert Blennerhassett
aforesaid, John West of Kilcow, Esq., James Conway of Cloghane,
gent., Henry Iluddlestone of the Grange, in the parish of Ratass,
gent., before Charles MacCarthy Mor of the Pallace, Esq., DoneU

110 TTTE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

Oge MacCartliy near Killarney, Esq., Dermot O'Dingle, Esq.,
Commissioners of the association at Ballycarty Castle.

Michael Vines.
Nicholas + Roberts.
Jurat, coram nobis, Idth Jimc, 1G13,
Philip Bisse.
Thomas Elwell.

Note.

There were two castles in the town of Tralee in 1G41, the larger
or ' great castle,' as it was called, heing a ' restoration ' of the old
castle of the FitzHenrys and the FitzGeralds, Earls of Desmond,
which had heen destroyed in the wars of 1580-1602. Two short
entries in the diary hefore quoted {v. Introduction, p. 52) kept by Sir
Edward Denny, which records the general feeling about Stafford's
advent in Ireland, are as follows : —

" 22d of December, 1G27, 1 finished this great castell and came
with my mother to live in it.

" 20th November, 1G29. My wife and I began housekeeping in
this caetell."

It stood nearly on the site of the present Denny Street, a rather
handsome outlet of Tralee, backed by the present Sir E. Denny's
demesne, and a fine range of mountains between Tralee and
Killarney. The ' Short Castle ' mentioned in the deposition as the
freehold of Stephen Rice, a member of an old Anglo-Irish family
settled in Kerry, as far back as the eleventh century, stood a little
to the west of the larger fortress, on the east side of the present
' Square ' of Tralee. It was forfeited with large estates in the Avest
and north-west of Kerry in 1G49, although the Rices do not appear
to have had any share in the outrages committed by the rebels.
But they were, as they have always been (until one of the junior
branch, the ancestor of Lord IMonteagle, conformed in the last
century), Roman Catholics, and Stephen Rice had been M.P. for
Kerry in the troubled Parliament of 1613. In 1G34 his two sons
were M.P.'s for Dingle, but five years after, in Wentworth's last
Parliament, they were unseated, and Christopher Roper and Sir
George Blundell, Englishmen, utter strangers to the borough, were
elected in their stead. Robert Blennerhassett, who had been M.P.
for Tralee, was also imseated in 1G39, and Thomas Maulo, with a
Henry Osborne, were elected for the same place. Out of the eight
members for Kerry and its boroughs in 1G39, four were sti-angers to
the county, probably officers in the army, and only one of the remain-

DEPOSITIONS. Ill

ing four, Sir Valentine Browne, was a Eoman Catholic. According to
the diary of Elkanagh Knight before mentioned the Enghsh and
Irish Protestants who had crowded into the ' Great Castell ' of
Tralee wore hearing the church service read on Sunday, the 23rd of
January, 1G41-2, by the Eev. WiUiam Fell and the Rev. Nathaniel
Harrison, when the sentinels on the battlements perceived the rebels
approaching from the west. The siege continued from that day
until the following July or August, when Sir Thomas Harris and
many others having died of want and hardship, the unfortunate
remnant of tlio garrison surrendered upon quarter, which appears to
have been honourably observed by Ferriter. But before the sur-
render his soldiers had committed many cruel murders. Knight's
diary mentions that on one occasion they took an Englishwoman,
and stripping her, broke a hole in the ice on the river and set her
standing in it, keeping her there until she was frozen to death or
starved in the sight of those within the castle. While the siege
went on a certain Henry Lawrence, called by Knight an ' English
Eoman Catholic,' who if he were not the subsequently well-known
president of Cromwell's Council was assuredly a relative of his, kept
moving in a rather mysterious fashion between the contending
parties. On the strength of his nationality, he was admitted into
the great castle, where some movements or words of his arousing
the suspicions of the garrison, Sir Thomas Harris ordered hhn to
be arrested and searched, when the following passport was found in
his pocket : —

" I have employed this gentleman, Mr. Henry Lawrence, upon
some special occasions for the furthering and advancing Catholi-
cism, to go to Tralee, and from thence to Castle Drum, or the
camp, wherefore I pray the Irish and English not to molest or
hinder him in body or goods. Given under my hand, this 8th of
February, lOlL

"Pierce Feeriter."

He was dismissed from the castle, and appears to have returned
to the rebel camp.

His signature and that of Hardress Waller appear to a deed
securing the jointure lands of Elizabeth, Lady Harris, before
mentioned, the mother of Sir Edward Denny, nde I'orrest. Her
niece, Martha Lyn or Lynn, was the wife of John Blennerhassett,
eldest son of Eobert of Ballycarty, in 1G41. Eichard second Earl of
Barrymore, whose sister married Sir Arthur Denny, married Martha,

112 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

daughter of Henry Lawrence. Tlie first husband of Cromwell's
mother was a Lynn, and the families of Denny, Waller, Barry,
Forrest, Lynn, and Lawrence in 1640-70 were certainly connected by
marriage and ties of friendship. That President Henry Lawrence
himself played a strangely double part in politics is matter of
history, and his religious opinions seem to have boon as insincere
as his politics.

CLXXXIX.

AiiTHUE Blennekhassett, late of Ballycarty, in the county of
Kerry, gent., dcposcth and saitli, that upon the 2nd of February,
1G41, or thereabouts, the undernamed persons, gentlemen and free-
holders of the said county, in a rebellious and hostile manner, came
to besiege the town and castle of Tralee in the said county, namely
Florence MacCarthy of Carrigprehane, Esq., since made governor of
Kerry, Donnell MacCarthy of Castle Logh, colonel of rebel forces,
Edmond FitzMaurice of Tubrid, Esq., Garret FitzGerald of Bally-
macdaniel, gent., John FitzGerald of Caharragh, alias John atlca,
gent., Donoll Moriarty of Castledrum, gent., Florence MacCarthy of
Glanaroght, gent., since killed in actual and open rebellion, Fineen
McDermot MacCarty, of Creggane, gent., Owen O'Sullivan, alias
O'Sullivan Mor, gent., Donogh MacGillacuddy, alias O'Sullivan of
Castlecurr, gent., Tiegue Donoghue, alias O'Donoghue of Killaghie,
gent., James Browne of Killarney, gent., Maurice MacElgot of
Ballymac Elgot (sic), gent.. Captain Roger O'Donoghue of Ross,
gent., Nicholas MacThomas (a FitzMaurice) of Ballykealy, gent.,
Garret Pierse of Aghamore, gent., Pierse Ferriter of Ballysybil,
gent., Tiegue MacCarthy of Tiernagouse, gent., Walter Hussey of
Castle Gregory, gent. This deponent further saith, that the said
parties, with their forces, consisting sometimes of three hundred
armed men, at other times ot five hundred, sometimes of a thousand,
continued the siege of the said castle till the beginning of August
following, during which siege the English Protestants in the castle,
being in number five hundred persons, young and old, or thereabouts,
endured much misery, the enemy having cut off all relief from them
so that by the time the said castle was delivered up, divers of the
besieged men, women, and children, English Protestants, Avere shot
and murdered, namely Lawrence Tristram of Tralee aforesaid,
merchant, Hugo Dashwood of the same, shoemaker, Henry Jones of
the same, merchant, Edward Westcombe of the same, shoemaker,
John Truby, late of Ballymacfine, husbandman, John Dickson of

DEPOSITIONS. 113

Portally, shoemaker, Valentino James of Povtally, Jolni Gooding of
Tralce, yeoman, Jeffrey Bayley, in or near Portally aforesaid, mer-
chant, La^Yrence Tristram the elder, gaoler, of Tralee, who was appre-
hended hy the rebels and hanged in the market-place of the said town,
Joseph Collier of Ballyvelly, yeoman, Edward Barrett of Tralee, yeo-
man, John Turner of the same, yeoman, Mary Batchelor of the same,
widow, Elizabeth Vine of the same, widow, Andrew Eawleigh of the
same, tailor, Robert Haysam of the same, smith, Edmund Commane
of the same, yeoman, and divers innocent children, at least half a
score, were shot and murdered in or about the said castle, during
the siege, by the same parties and their confederates. This de-
ponent's cause of knowledge is, that all the time the said castle was
besieged this deponent lived in another castle hard by the same,
and had daily credible information of the passages that past in
the said siege, and was likewise an eye-witness of the delivering up
of the said castle into the hands of the said parties, whereby lie
came to know that the premises are undoubtedly true.

About the 3rd of September last, the undernamed persons, officers,
and commanders among the rebels gathered their forces together,
consisting of six or seven thousand armed men, horse and foot, on
purpose to assault and set upon the English garrisons in the
county of Cork, and take them, namely the Lord Viscount of Mus-
kcrry, the Lord Roche, the Lord of Ikerrin, the Lord of Castlecon-
nell, Theobald Purcell Baron of Loghmoe, Garret Barry, General
of their forces in IMunster, Patrick Purcell of Croagh, in the county
of Limerick, Esq., Lieut, -General of the same forces, Maurice Fitz-
Edmund of Castle Ishin, in the county of Cork, gentleman, Oliver
Stephenson, since killed in open rebellion, late of Dunmoylan, intJio
county of Limerick, Esq., Cormac MacCallaghan Carty of Sugreena,
in the county of Kerry, gent., Dommick Fanning, late mayor of
the city of Limerick, Edmund FitzGerald of Clenlish, in the said
county of Limerick, gent., Edmund MacSheehy of Ballyvellan, in
the same county, gent., Thomas Oge of Bally kealy, in the county of
Kerry, gent., and their said forces having met together with colours
flying in a rebellious and hostile manner, entered upon the confines of
the county of Cork, and would have advanced further to effect their
enterprise if not then seasonably resisted by the English forces.
This deponent's cause of knowledge herein that he was prisoner with
the said party, and therefore present, whereby he observed the said
parties, and such of them in arms commanding such companies of
horse and foot whereby to maintain their hostilities and open rebellion,
VOL. II. I

114 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

Jane Guard, the wife of {illegible) Guard, late of Tralee afore-
said, a British Protestant, was produced as witness only touching
the siege of the castle of Tralee. She deposed and saith, that she
saw the above-named parties, and each of them severally maintaining
the said siege, and continuing it during the time above mentioned,
and that the persons above named being English and Protestants
were then and there shot and murdered by the said parties. Her
cause of knowledge is that she being a dweller in the town of Tralee
aforesaid, she knew the said gentlemen to be at several meetings
in the same, and also that she being in the said castle during the
siege she observed and saw the said parties shot and murdered in tlio

said castle.

A. Blenneehassett.

Jurat, coram nobis, '2,5th Feb. 1G42, her

Phil. Bisse. Jane -f Guaed.
Thos. Bettesworth. mark

Note.

Arthur Blennerhassett was the third son of Robert Blennerhas-
sett mentioned in Vine's deposition, and the ancestor of the family
of his name settled since the 17th century at Riddlestown, near
Eathkeale, in the county Limerick, a place which in the 12th
century was owned, as its name imi^lies, by the De Ridels or De
Rudels, an old English family, passed from them to the Rices, and
by a Rice heiress marriage to the Windalls, whose heiress married
the grandson of this deponent. Many of the so-called murders in
this deposition were probably the result of gun or cannon shots fired
at the castles in Tralee during the siege.

cxc.

"William Dethick, late of Killvallehagh {recte Killballylahiff),
in the parish of Killiny in the barony of Corcaguiny, within the
county of Kerry, gent., a British Protestant, duly sworn and
examined before us by virtue of his Majesty's commission, &c.,
deposeth and saith, that about the last of January, 1641, and since
the beginning of this present rebellion, he lost, was robbed, and was
forcibly despoiled of his goods and chattels to the value of 402Z. 10s.
Also he saith, that his {illegible) and goods were taken at the time
aforesaid by Walter Hussey of Castle Gregory in the said barony,
gent., Owen MacMoriarty of Castle Drum, gent., Owen MacDonnell

DEPOSITIONS. 115

Oge of Keelgarrylandcr [i.e., the wood of the garden of Laundrc ov
De Laundre, an old English name hibernicised into Lander) in the
said barony, gent., and their associates to the number of a hundred
men in a hostile manner. He also saith, that his ammunition, viz,
one of his guns, was taken away by Owen MacDonnell Oge aforesaid,
and another of his guns was taken away by John MacMorrish Fitz-
Gerald of Knockglass in the said barony, about the time aforesaid.
He also saith, that his money was taken away by the captains and
commanders at the siege of Tralee, whose names shall bo set down
in their due place, about the latter end of August last past. Ho
also saith, that the persons above mentioned who took away his
goods were they also who robbed most of the Protestants in that
part of the barony aforesaid (commonly called by the name of
the half barony of Lettrogh), about the time aforesaid, the said
parties being accompanied by Edmund MacShano FitzNicholas
EitzGerald of Tierbrin in the said barony, gent., John Grand
(sic), alias John FitzGerald of Knockglass, gent., having also in
the said action Captain Thomas MacPhilip FitzGerald of Deylus,
in the same barony, gent., Avho is a freeholder ; John MacDermot
of Tralee aforesaid, yeoman, Tiegue MacShane O'Sulhvan of Cappa-
clogh, yeoman, Nicholas FitzEdmund FitzGerald of the same, yeo-
man, together witli his four sons, all that that he hath.

Also this deponent saith, that after the battle of Newton, in
which the rebels had an overthrow, among which the MacCarthys
of Kerry had a share, some of the county having the fortune to
return home, found in the town of Killarney many old decrepit men
and women and young children, Protestants, to the number of six-
teen, who could not get into some castle for refuge thereabouts, and
all those persons were taken by the MacCarthys and their followers
in those parts, and being stripped, were first whipped up and down
from one end of the town to the other, then they were taken alto-
gether, and a great hole being made for the purpose, they were
thrown into it, and so buried alive. This the deponent saw not
with his own eyes, but he dares avouch it for truth, because he hath
heard it most confidently related from the mouths of many Protes-
tants who are of good credit, and from many of the rebels them-
selves, some whereof have boasted and gloried in that wicked act,
others ui their relation of it spealdng with some remorse and pity.
He also saith, that one John {illegible) of Lixnaw, in the barony
of Clanmaurice aforesaid, yeoman, a Protestant, being permitted by
one Thomas Stack of those parts, gentleman, to live peaceably and

I 2

116 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lG-11.

enjoy what he had, at length, about Christmas last, as he was cUggmg
potatoes in his garden, four or five of the rebels there came and
most cruelly murdered him and threw him into a river. Two or
three more were killed there that night, but unknown to deponent.

Also he saith, that upon the 2Gth of January, IGil, a part of the
enemy's army, to the number of two hundred, marched through the
town of Tralee, and encamped that night at Ballyvelly, where they
met a party of five hundred more, and the next night they lay at
Cloghane, and from thence went to Castlemayne, pillaging and
stripping the country where the English were, and driving their
preys before them as they went. Also he saith, that upon the 15th
of February last was twelvemonths, Ann. Dom. 1041, the town of
Tralee was taken and plundered, where there was a gi'eat deal of
pillage ; at that time one Lawrence Tristram, the jailor there, was
hanged and laid naked for two days together before the castle. The
same day the two castles of Tralee were straitly besieged, and the
burning of their premises seen at the distance of a mile and half
a mile, as at Bally velly, and {illegible), in the greater of the two
castles was Sir Thomas Harris, Knt., who also died there about the
Easter following, besides him there were as warders about four
score fighting men, besides three or four hundred men, women, and
children.

In the lesser castle at Tralee John Freeman was deputy con-
stable for the Lord of Kerry, and besides him were about thirty
fighting men, whereof this deponent was one ; besides other men,
women, and children in all to the number of about six score. The
besiegers were to the number of two and twenty hundred, some-
times more, having a.bout one hundred horse, the chief commanders
were Donell Oge MacCarthy, colonel from near Killarney, Esq.,
Captain Nicholas MacThomas FitzGerald and Major [torn) of
Ballykealy, Esquires, Captain Florence MacCarthy of near Kil-
larney aforesaid. Esquire, who was governor of the county from the
beginning of the rebellion, and so continued for the space of seven
or eight months, until the castles were yielded up, and then the
Lord Muskerry was made governor of the whole county ; Captain
Fineen MacCarthy of Ardtully in the barony of Glaneroght, gent.,
Captain O'Sullivan Mor of Dunkerron, Esquire, Captain MacKilla-
kudagh {sic) of the barony of Magunihy (as ho believoth), gent.
These captains are all of the part of Kerry aforesaid which they
call Desmond, Nicholas FitzThomas aforesaid excepted ; besides
other commanders of the other parts of Kerry, viz. Edmund Fitz-

DErOSlTIONS. 117

IMorris of Lixnaw, Esq., Captain Walter Hussey of Castle Gregory,
ill the barony of Corcaguiny, gent., Captain Pierce Ferriter, Captain
Dermot O'Dingle of Ballinacourty, gent.. Captain Donnell Mac-
Moriarty of Castledrura, gent., Captain John FitzGerald of Glandine,
alias John atlca, gent., Captain Garret MacPatrick FitzGerald of
Aghamore, in the barony of Clanmaurice, gent., slain at Liscarrol,
Captain Morris MacEligot of Ballymaceligot, gent., and John his
brother, Captain Morris FitzEdinimd Gerald of Clongonldjat {sic),
in the barony of Corcaguiny, gent., with divers others whose namea
this deponent cannot now remonibor, who laid close siege unto
these castles within thirty yards and sometimes within thirty feet
of them, from about February 12th luitil the four or five and
twentieth of the August following, the enemy watching most
commonly during the siege about 800 every night. About the
latter end of March, after the beginning of the said siege, the
enemy brought three sows towards the west, whereof two were set
close to the wall, which were first broken with great stones from
the castle, and after fired, and two or three rebels were burnt in
them. After this, upon the 27th of April ensuing, they brought
four sows towards the castle, and a piece of ordnance, out of which
they discharged thirteen shots, which broke down some of the
battlements of the castle, but no hurt besides, of these sows two
were brought near the castle wall, but were burnt and two rebels
in them.

The 18th of May after, they began to undermine the small
castle, they of the castle countermined, and beat them out of their
works, having killed a great many of them. About a fortnight
after, being the latter end of May, having assaulted them again,
they of the castle killed at one shot two of the rebels, by name,
Tirlogh McCarty of Tralee, and a Lieutenant Tirlogh MacShee that
came out of the Low Countries lately.

After this there wore daily acts of hostility past betwixt those
of the castle and the enemy, until the castle Avas yielded up; during
the said siege those of the castle from time to time lulled no less
than a hundred of the enemy, and that by the enemy's own con-
fession, and those of the castle during all that time lost no more
than five men upon service out of the small castle, and about
eighteen or nineteen out of the great castle, that were lost by
venturing out for relief. Besides these there died out of both castles
through the sickness, called the scurvy, no less than about four
score persons, men, women, and children, during the time of the

1]8 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGH.

siege. The deponent often heard the rebels and besiegers call
those of the castles ' English dogs and rebels,' and (say) that they
had kept them long enough in Ireland already, and that now they (the
Irish) would spend their lives, but that they would leave not a man
of them (the besieged) alive in this kingdom, and that it was the
king's pleasure that they (the Irish) should do so by virtue of his
commission, and often when those in the castle were at their
devotions of preaching, praying, and singing, the rebels underneath
would mock them in a most reproachful manner.

At length, the provisions of both castles being wasted, they (the
besieged) being kept alive for a time with eating of cats and raw
hides, they were enforced to yield it up upon quarter of their lives
and wearing clothes, which castles afterwards the besieged burnt ;
also he saith, that Ellis Whey wall {sic) of near Stradbally, in the
barony of Corcaguiny, miner, Richard Walker of Kilgobbin, in the
said barony, yeoman, together with his brethren llichard and
Arthur Walker of the same, yeomen, Thomas Goodenough of the
same, yeoman, William Farryn of Ballyenough {sic), in the barony
of Trughenackmy, yeoman, Eichard Bigford of the Kerrics, in the
said barony, yeoman, John Pierce of Ballynallard {sic), in said
barony, gentleman, formerly reputed to be Protestants, are since
this rebellion turned Papists. He also saith, that after the deliver-
ing up of the said castles upon quarter, he, this deponent, repaired
to John FitzGerald's castle of Ennismore, where he often heard
some of the priests and friars that usually resorted thither say, that
it is true the rebels had not the king's commission for what they
did, but that, however, the king did connive and wink at it. And

further ho cannot depose.

William Detiiick.
Jurat, coram nobis, 11th May, IGIB,
Phil. Bisse.

James Wallis.

Note.

This deponent was probably the son of Humphrey Dethick, one
of the first twelve free burgesses of Tralee named in the charter
granted 81st of March, IGll, Robert Blennerhassett being provost.
Humphrey Dethick was also the lattcr's colleague in the representa-
tion of the borough in 1G13. I have in the above deposition, as in
the former ones, omitted the long inventory of lost goods, lands,
&c., and their money value. Amongst them salt works carried on
in Killballylahifl" and tucking mills there arc inonlioned, showing

DErOSITIONS. 119

how the son of the M.P. for Tralee did not disdain trade, and how
the industrial resources of even the most remote districts in the
west of Ireland were being utilised by the colonists until the land
was once more reduced to a waste by an ill-advised rebellion. A
curious proof of the dislike of the Irish to mercantile pursuits is
furnished in the before-mentioned Irish poem by Pierce Ferriter,
the rebel leader, translated for the Percy Society by Crofton Croker,
Describing the wailing of the bansJicc or guardian spirit for Maurice
FitzGerald, son of the Knight of Kerry, who died on the eve of the
rebellion, Ferriter says : —

The prosperous traders

Were filled with aflright,
In Tralee they packed up

And made ready for Uight,

For there a shrill voice

At the door of each hall
"Was heard, as they fancied,

Regretting their fall.

They fled to concealment,

Ah I fools thus to ily —
For no trader a Banshee

Would utter a cry I

Acting out wliat ho wrote, Ferriter marched with his Hussey and
Geraldine associates to Tralee, sweeping poor Mr. Dethick's salt
pans and tucking mills into the sea and the rivers, and leaving the
districts of Castle Gregory and KillballylahilT in a state of desolation
and poverty, from which they have never thoroughly recovered to
this day.

CXCI.

Daniel Spratt, late of the town and parisli of Tralee, in the
barony of Trughenacmy, county of Kerry, clothier, a British Pro-
testant, duly sworn and examined before us by virtue of his Majesty's
Commission, &c., deposeth and saitli, that about the latter end of
January, 1G41, he lost, was robbed, and forcibly despoiled of his
goods and chattels, and of debts which before this rebellion were
esteemed good, but now become desperate (by reason that the debtors,
as Daniel Chute of Tulligarron, Esq., in the said county, are im-
poverished Protestants), to the value of 1571. Also he saith, that
about the time mentioned his goods were taken by Captain John

12.0 THE IiaSII MASSACRES OF lOil.

FitzGerald, alias Jolm aclee, of the said barony, within the said
county, gentleman, and divers others that were at the siege of Tralee
Castle, whose names he knoweth not. And further he deposeth,
that whilst he was one of the warders of the said castle, he saw Mr.
Edmund Vorldey, the elder, of Tralee aforesaid, gentleman, come to
the grate of the said castle and seemed to bo importunate with the
warders of the said castle to give it up to the enemy before they had
been a month besieged, when, as there was no such necessity, they
(the warders and people within) having then, to Mr. Vorldey's own
knowledge, provision to hold out for a great while against the enemy,
Mr. Vorkley being amongst the rebels from the beginning of the re-
bellion, and being pressed to come within the castle, where his wife
was, but did not, but sent for his wife out of the castle, and left
her at the castle of Ballycarty. This deponent also saith, that when
the castle of Tralee was yielded up, and when all the rest had only
quarter for life, and one suit of clothes apiece, that the said Mr.
Vorkley had no less than about eleven horse-loads of clothes, that
he brought from the castle of Tralee to the castle of Ballycarty, and
further he deposeth that about a fortnight before Michaelmas last,
1G42, he saw Captain John Crosbie of Ballingarry Island discourse
freely with the rebels that came within a bow-shot of the island, aaid
brought them forth drink, and drank freely with {illegible) Fitz-
Maurice, McEligot of BallymacEligot, gent., Captain Walter Hussey
of Castle Gregory, gent., and Dermot O'Dingle of Ballynacourty,
gent.

Daniel Spkatt.
Jurat, coram nobis, 15th June, 1G13,

PniL. BissE.

Hen. Eugge.

Note.

The eleven horse-loads of clothes, which naturally provolccd the
clothier, Mr. Daniel Spratt, to jealousy, was certainly an unreason-
able proportion for one man to bear away with him from Tralee
Castle, unless he were a rival clothier, which it does not appear
Mr. Vauclier was. But it is very likely that he had strong sympa-
thies, notwithstanding his Protestantism, with the rebels, for ho
was the brother-in-law of O'Sullivan Mor, their wives being the
grand-daughters of Jenkin Conway of Killorglin before mentioned,
and the nieces of the wife of Eobert Blennerhassett of Ballycarty.
During the earlier years of the rebellion Vauclier and the Blenncr-
hassetts seem to have been endeavouring to conciliate the rebels, or

DEPOSITIONS. 121

to ' keep in ' with both parties, but in the end they were glad to
adhere to the side of the Parhaniont. The island of Ballingarry, a
most picturesque spot, now an isthmus, on the beautiful north-west
coast of Kerry, not far from the mouth of the Shannon, was fortified
and gallantly held for several months by Colonel David Crosbie,
Avho sheltered there inany Protestants from the surrounding districts
and from Tralce. A short sketch of the siege of Ballingarry in
1G42-3, and of the beauties of the coast in that neighbourhood, which
I di'ew up for the 'Leisure Hour,' after spending a summer day
there two or three years ago, will be found in the number of that
periodical for February, 1882. The locality is full of interest for the
artist, the antiquary, and the lover of fine coast scenery. Captain
John Crosbie mentioned in Mr. Spratt's deposition was the Catholic
nephew of Colonel David Crosbie. Captain, afterwards Sir John,
Crosbie, baronet, from the first adhered to the Irish and Catholic
side, and could only have been at Ballycarty as an ambassador from
the besiegers. MacEligot and MacGillacuddy, colonels in the
Irish army, were also nephews of Colonel David Crosbie. When
Ballingarry was at last taken by the Irish, through the treachery of
the two warders appointed to guard the drawbridge connecting the
precipitous shores of the island with the cliffs on the mainland,
Colonel David Crosbie's life was saved only through the influence
of his nephews, and his niece Katherme MacGillacuddy who was
with him in the castle or fort. He managed, with their help, to
escape to Cork, and returning to Kerry in 1049, was made governor
of the county by Cromwell, which enabled him to save not a few of
his friends and relatives from transplantation. The confused state
of parties in Kerry, owing to the constant intermarriages amongst
the Irish and the Elizabethan or earlier colonists, was far from ad-
vantageous to the English who had come to the county in the
reigns of Charles I. and his father, and the depositions of these
later colonists are full of complaints of the apparently friendly inter-
course which from time to time existed between those who were
opposed to one another in religion and politics. John Abraham,
Josias White, and Nicholas Eoberts made a joint deposition before
Archdeacon Bysse and a magistrate or commissioner named Elwall,
of which only a copy remains. It is nothing more than a repetition
of the evidence given by Vines and Eoberts, with the exception of
the following passages : —

" The deponents further say that about New Year last, 1G42,
there went forth from the castle of Ballycarty nine men and one

122 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

woman, who lost tlieir lives going to tlie English castle called
Newmarket, when they were taken hy the rebels. The names of
the said persons were these, John Ellis, near Stradbally, in the
barony of Corcaguiny, gent., and his son, Thomas Ellis ; Thomas
Goodwin of the Currens, barony of Trughenacmy, tailor, John
Williams of Killontierna, in the said barony, husbandman, Andrew
Morgan of the Currens aforesaid, butcher, and his son William :
James MacGarret of Ballycarty aforesaid, husbandman ; John
Prosser of Killarney, mason ; Eobert Ingledew of Killarney afore-
said, butcher ; and Elizabeth Dashwood of Tralee, wife to John
Dashwood, shoemaker, who, as was reported, was thrashed {sic)
to death, but among these Robert Ingledew, tiring upon tho
mountains behind the rest of the company, was brought back
by six of the rebels to the said castle of Ballycarty, who, being
brought there, Mrs. Hannibal {sic) 'Hassett, wife of Captain
Edward 'Hassett, being there, began to complain to her father-in-
law, Robert Blennerhassett, of the cruelty of tho enemy towards
the rest, and beseeching him very earnestly to take some course
to save the said Robert Ingledew, his answer was, ' He is a coio-
stealing rogiie, and let them do toith him evenwJiat they ivill,' and
upon that the rebels carried him about a mile from the place, and
murdered him most cruelly. They also say, that the cause these
persons fled out of the castle, before it was yielded up, was that
they were daily threatened by the Irish ward there, so that they
stood in danger of their lives, being accused of stealing cattle from
the enemy for their relief, before the castle was yielded up. And
although Mr. Robert 'Hassett told all the English of the castle
that he had gotten quarter for them all for life and goods, and a
convoy to be conveyed on to the next English garrison in the
county of Cork, yet it afterwards appeared to the contrary, there
was no such matter, for the said Robert 'Hassett confessed to one
of these deponents, Nicholas Roberts, and to others, that tho
truth was ho made no quarter at all, but referred him and all tho
English ward to Mr. Florence MacCarthy's own breast. They
also say that without any consent or foreknowledge of any of
the warders when the castle was to be yielded up, the said
Robert Blennerhassett called unto him all the warders and caused
them to be all disarmed of their arms {sic), Avhich were their own
proper goods, and so they were delivered up to the Irish ward,
he himself being permitted to live within the castle among the
Irish. They also say that about the time of the siege of Tralee

DEPOSITIONS. 123

Uioy saw two oi- three of the Irish of Glaiioroglic (sic) Avhoso
names they know not, rehels, permitted to come within the grate,
in company of Captain John Blennerhassett, and there eat and
drink in the httle buttery, with their arms, skcans, and swords,
where hved Eobert 'Ilassett ; also they say that in Captain John
'Hassett's house, that was situated within the bawn of the said
castle, they have often seen divers of the prime rebels of that
country to come in and out, to eat and drink and be merry. Also
Florence MacCarty, about the latter end of August last, came to
Captain John 'Hassett's house, within the said bawn, and lay
there one night, and so went away next morning, the said Florence
being then a prime man at the siege of Tralce. The said John
'Hassett was often seen to parley with divers others of the rebels,
and letters passed to and fro betwixt them. They also say, that
the warders of Ballycarty Castle, with the rest, might and would
often have reUeved the castle of Tralee when they were besieged,
and often propounded the design to do so to the said Captain John
'Plassett, but he never would consent that they should fall upon
that design. They also say that John Abraham the elder, one of
these deponents, and the aforesaid Josias White, with his wife and
two children, and Richard Page's wife of Tralee, and Mary the
wife of John Boysc of TuUigarron, in the parish of Jiallymacoligot,
husbandman, were all stripped by the rebels. They also say that
John MacThomas FitzGerald, late of Tralee, tailor, and Anne his
wife, Gibbon Supple of Tralee, tailor, James O'Connor of the
Kerries, in the parish of Tralce, gentleman, Garret More of
Tralee, gent., Eichard Bigford of the Kerries aforesaid, husband-
man, also the wife of the second son of Patrick MacEllistrum of
Tralee, gent., John Pierce of Tralee {illegible), formerly reputed
Protestants, since the rebellion turned Papists, also one Mr.
Chafe {sic) of Lixnaw, gent., and his wife Frances, and one called
MacWilliams of the same, gent., William Jones of the Currens,
husbandman, Thomas Morgan of the same, husbandman, George
Murrow of the Disert, husbandman, Walter Kirby of near Strad-
bally, husbandman, and his two sons Richard and WiUiam, Peter
Brian, miller, of Tralee, and his wife, John MacAuliffe of the
same, miller, also Anne and Elizabeth Reens, daughters to Mrs.
Rcens of Cornfield, near Potally {sic), widow, Katherine Conway
of Killorglin near Castlemayne, widow, also Mr. Traws {sic) of
Kill {illegible) near Currens, widow, Arthur White of Ballyfinnoge,
husbandman, and farmer, reputed Protestants heretofore, but

124 THE IRISH massacres of ion.

since not only (are) turned Papists, but live among the rebels,
and do duty and service for tliera ; lastly, these deponents say
that Lawrence Tristram, when the rebels put a rope about his
neck {torn) if he would go to mass, said he would not. And that
{illegible) of Tralee, tailor, and John Hall of Glanerogh, husband-
man, put into the gaol as ward, wore taken out and hanged at
the market cross of Tralee, on the {illegible) of February last was
a twelvemonth, being before promised quarter for life by Captain
Dermot O'Dingle and his company ; a third person that was of
the ward, who was called the black man of Glanerogh, being shot
ran into the castle of Tralee, and there died ; a fourth called {torn)
Marwood being taken prisoner, after awhile made his escape to
the castle of Ballycarty, and further they cannot depose.

" JosiAS + White.
♦• Jurat, coram nobis, John + Abraham.

Phil. Bisse. Nich. + Eobekts."

Thos. Elwbll."

Note.

The lady styled * Mrs. Hannibal 'Hassett ' in this deposition, by
a mistake which betrays the cockney origin of the deponent, was
the daughter of Mr. or Captain Vauclier, mentioned in Mr. Spratt's
deposition, and her christian name must have been Annabel, a very
common name m the Spring family (which was connected by mar-
riage with the Conways, Blennerhassetts, Husseys, Browns, and
FitzGeralds), although in a voluminous pedigree of the Blenner-
hassetts, written between 1G90-173G, she is called ' Mary, daughter
of Edward Vauclier, Esq.' The deponent, however, who know her
husband and father personally, and who had resided in her house,
could not have been mistaken as to her christian name except
through his failure to discard the cockney H. The place now known
as Ballycarty is a small townland to the east of Ballyseedy demesne,
still the property of the Blennerhassetts. There is a small square
tower on Ballycarty, which was probably a Geraldino fortress before
1584. At that time the present Ballyseedy was included in Bally-
carty, as appears by the Elizabethan maps of the Denny estate in
the Bolls House, and the castle or mansion mentioned in the depo-
sitions stood a little to the south-west of the present Ballyseedy
House. Extensive ruins still remain thereabouts of a castle or
mansion with a bawn or strong outward wall.

DEPOSITIONS. 125

CXCII.

Edward Voakley {Vauclie}-), late of Tralee, in the bcarony of
Truglienacmy, county of Kerry, gent., being duly sworn and
examined, &c., deposetli and saitli, that about the 20tli of January,
1641, he lost, was robbed, and forcibly despoiled of his goods and
chattels to the several values following, viz. of cows, horses, mares,
oxen, sheep, and sums to the value of 400L ; of household stuff to
the value of 21/. ; of ready money to the value of 120Z. ; of wearing
apparel to the value of 50/. ; of corn and hay in house and haggard
to the value of 200/. ; of debts to the value of 500/., which ere this
rebellion were esteemed good debts, by reason that some of the
debtors are become impoverished Protestants, as John Mason, John
Barret, Arthur Rawleigh, and divers others whom this deponent
doth not now remember, and the rest Papists and rebels, as Garret
FitzGerald of Ballymacdaniel, gent., Fineen MacDermot Carthy of
Glaneroght, gent., Thomas Malone of the parish of Clogherbrien,
gent., Edmund More O'Shane of Ardglass, gent., Conogher Trassy of
Balliuorogh, husbandman, Phelim MacFineen Carthy of Drouma-
vally, gent., Christopher Hickson of Knockglass, gent., John Granal
(sic) of the same, gent., all of the county Kerry aforesaid, and divers
others whose names he cannot remember. Also he says, that by
means of this rebellion he is dispossessed of the benefit of certain
leases in the said county, as hrst, of the lease of New Manor near
Tralee, where he had a term of eighty years to run and upwards,
worth above the landlord's rent 70/. per annum, in which, together
with his improvements and housing, now burnt to the ground, he is
damnified to the value of GOO/. Also a lease of certain lands in Bally-
mullen wherein he had a term of eleven years, if a certain w^oman so
long lived, worth 10/. above the landlord's rent, wherein he conceives
himself damnified in 50/. ; also a lease of Gorthataumple, wherein
he had a tenure of ninety-seven years, worth above the landlord's
rent 7/. per annum, damnified herein 100/. Also certain leases of
certain houses in the town of Tralee wherein he had a tenure of
ninety-nine years to come, all of them being burnt all to three, the
number burnt thirteen, he conceives himself damnified to the value
of 600/., the whole of his losses in goods and chattels amounting to
the value of 3,600/. Also he saith his goods were taken away by Garret
FitzJames Gerald of Ballymacdaniel, and Walter Ilussey of Castle
Gregory, gent., and their followers. His household stuff and money

12G THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

were taken by the besiegers of Tralce Castle, whereof these were the
chief : Domiel MacCartie of Castlelogh in said county, gent., Florence
MacCartie, formerly living with his father, O'Donovan, in the county
of Cork, gent., Garret MacPatrick of Aghamore, gent., Fineen Mac-
Dermot Carthy of Glanerogh, gent., captain among the rebels,
Donogh MacFineen Cartie of Ardtully, gent., Captain Tiegue Mac-
Dermot MacCormac Cartie of near the Currens, gent.. Captain
Dermot O'Dingle O'Moriarty of Ballinacourty, Captain Donnel
MacMoriarty of Castledrum, and Captain O'Sullivan Mor of Dun-
kerron, Esquire, Captain Fineen MacDaniel Carthy, alias Captain
Sugan, near Glanerogh, gent., and divers others to the number of
one thousancl. He also saith, that Daniel MacMoriarty of Castle-
drum aforesaid, gent., hath possessed himself of this deponent's
house in Tralee, and certain other tenements belonging to that
house. Also he saith, that divers Protestants to the number of
forty, as Arthur Barham of Clogherbrien, Eobert Brooke of Carrig-
nafeely, Eobert Lenthal of Tralee, Thomas Arnold and John Cade of
Tralee, Grifiin Floyd of Killarney, William Wilson of the same, dyer,
Donnell O'Connor of Killarney, maltster, Robert Warhani of Tralee,
John Godolphin of Tralee, shoemaker, Hugh Pioe of Tralee, barbur,
Benjamin Weedon, hosier, Henry Knight, tailor, Richard Horc of
New Manor, husbandman, were all treacherously killed by O'Sullivan
More of Dunkerron and his followers to the number of five or six
hundred, this deponent having the command of the said Protestants
(there being two more that escaped) saved his life by leaping off a rock
into the sea, being enforced to swim at least a mile, and so got away,
having first received fourteen wounds with swords and skeans, and
one shot in the right shoulder, and one deep wound in his back Avith
a pike ; this was done about midsummer last near Ballinskelligs in
the said county. He also said that eleven men and one woman were
murdered on the 15th of January last, coming out of the county of
Kerry from the castle of Ballycarty, which was then lately yielded
upon quarter, in which castle they were, they were murdered in the
mountains near Newmarket by the rebels of Cork and MacAulifle
of Duhallow, in the county Cork, the names of those that were
murdered were these : John Ellis of BallydufT in said coimty and
his son, Andrew Morgan of the Currens, butcher, Elizabetli Dash-
wood, wife of William Dashwood of Tralee, shoemaker, Hugh
Williams of Ballymariscal, Thomas Goodwin of the Currens, John
Norris, servant to the ward of Ballycarty, and divers others to the
number of eleven. This deponent also saith, that being employed

DEPOSITIONS. 127

about midsummer last by Sir Edward Denny, his captain, from
Cork into the county Kerry, to give notice to the castle Avard which
were in some distress, to prevent the yielding of the hold to the
enemy, upon his intelligence of the Lord Forbes, his coming
towards those parts to relieve them. He was by the way taken
prisoner about the black walk in the middle of the mountain called
Slieve Lougher by Tiegue MacAuliffe of Castle MacAuliffe, Bawn
MacAuliffe, Conogher Ceogh near Liscarroll, and Owen O'Callaghan
of near Newmarket, to the number of 600 men, w4io brought him to
the camp near Adare, where there were about 7,000 then prepared
to fight against the English, among whom were Garret Barry, their
General ; Patrick Purcell, Lieutenant-General ; Charles Hennessy,
Sergeant-major General; Garret Purcell, Lieutenant-Colonel ; Lord
Pioche, the Lord of Castle Connell, the Baron of Loghmoe, alias
Theobald Purcell; O'Sullivan Bear; O'Sulhvan Mor ; Dominick
Fanning, mayor of Limerick ; Edmund FitzTliomas Gerald.captain.
Deponent was detained twenty-three days, but was afterwards
exchanged for Captain James Brown, taken at Newtown a little
before. He also saith, that while in restraint he heard it generally
spoken among them that they, the rebels, fought for the kmg's pre-
rogative, and that we were the rebels and traitors, and that they
were not preferred to any places of honour, and that they Avere not
made judges of assize, and had not the liberty of their rehgion. He
also saith, that the besiegers of Tralee burnt Sir Edward Denny's
castle there, with the greatest part of the town, to the number of
one hundred houses at least, also Kichard Hoare of the New Manor
had his houses, to the number of four, burned by the said besiegers
at the time of the said siege, and further he cannot depose.

Edw. Vauclier.
Jurat, coram nobis, 21 March, 1G42,

Phil. Besse.

Benj. Baraster.

cxcni.

TiRLOGH Kelly, of the town and parish of Youghal, in the
barony of Inchiquin, within the county of Cork, gent., an Irish
Protestant, duly sworn and examined upon oath, before us, by
virtue of a conunission under the broad seal of this kingdom to us
and others directed, bearing date at Dubhn the 6th day of March
last, touching the losses and sufferings of his Majesty's subjects

128 THE IRISH »r ASS ACRES OF 1011.

British and Protestant, in the province of Minister, by means of
the rebellion, besides divers other particulars to be inquired after
by virtue of the said commission tending to the (illegible) of this
present rebellion, deposeth and saith, that about the 1st of May
last one Thomas Williams of Youghal, merchant, was appointed
captain for the sea, by the late Lord President of this province, and
being directed by his lordship, amongst other instructions, to go in
company with Sir Edward Denny, Knight, to relieve the castle of
Tralee in the county of Kerry, then in great extremity, being
closely besieged by Colonel Donnel MacCarthy of Currens, in the
said county of Kerry, Esquire, and his forces. The said Williams,
about the last of May, having received directions touching his
intended voyage, took shipping at the harbour of Youghal aforesaid,
carrying with him four score men or thereabouts, part whereof lay
aboard the said Williams's ship called the Flower of Youghal ; their
admiral appointed for the voyage the other part aboard the ship
called the Lion of Yonghal, whereof Thomas Bryant was captain,
and being then seasonably provided, they sailed from thence to
Cork and there took aboard their ship Sir Edward Denny and his
foot company, which done they sailed away westward to a place
called the Derries [sic) in O'Sullivan Bear's country, and having
landed some men there, the enemy gave them a skirmish, and one
of the said Sir Edward Denny's company called Philip O'Leinsy
{sic) was there shot, and from thence, having got that resistance,
they sailed to the river Kenmare, in the county of Kerry, in
O'Sullivan Mor's country, and some men being there landed the
enemy did likewise then skirmish with them but no men lost, we
{sic) then set forth to sea again, but sailing to and fro in the river,
and about the sea coast, put into a place called Ballinsceligs, where
the inhabitants pretended themselves to be good subjects, but they
having betrayed some of Captain Leo's company then in the harbour
that went ashore, presuming on their loyalty, by disarming three
or four of his musketeers there we landed some forces, and having
exchanged some shots with the enemy, but losing no men, we took
to sea again, burning the said Ballinsceligs and the country round
about it, and took one {blank) Segerson, a gentleman of the same
place, prisoner. Afterwards'we came to the harbour of Dingley-
cooshe, where the townsmen resisted us, and made divers shots at
the ships, and being thus opposed, we sailed out again to the river
of Kenmare, and {illegible) drawing some cattle near the shore
which were left on purpose to draw us on, Ave landed four score men

DEPOSITIONS. 129

or thereabouts commanded by Edward Vauclier, Esq., Ensign to
the said Sir Edward Denny, having tlien in company with him
Captain Grinfield Halce {sic) and one Mr. Lintoll. No sooner
they came ashore, but O'SuHivan More's forces, consisting at least
of seven or eight hundred men, laying in several ambushes, fell
upon them, killing the said Halce in a barbarous manner, hewing
and hackmg his body in divers places, and cutting ofl' his head,
and likewise murdered the said Mr. Lintoll, and desperately
wounded the said ]\Ir. Vauclier, besides threescore and seventeen
common soldiers, then killed, so that of all that company that went
ashore not above three that escaped to come on board, this waa
upon Friday, the 3rd day of June last.

Upon Saturday following, the 4th of June, we set forward to sea,
purposing to come to the harbour of Kinsale, our surgeon the day
before being murdered, whereof we had then great necessity, but
the wind altering, we put in that Saturday to a place called Kil-
macldllokistig {sic), in the county of Kerry, formerly a known place
for fishing, and in the afternoon we landed some men, and took
away from thence a quantity of salt, and having lain there at
anchor until Monday following, the 6th of June, early in the morn-
ing the said Captain Williams, this deponent's lieutenant George
Symons, Samuel Fenton of Cork, merchant, James Monsoll of
Youghal, butcher, John Boulgor of the same, yeoman, Thomas
livne of the same, shipwright, and two otliers went to fetch away
more salt, but then and there Daniel O'Sullivan, alias O'Sullivan
l\ror, Avith six hundred men or thereabouts, lay in ambush in two
companies at the town of Killmackillosta, and no sooner were the
said Williams and the rest come ashore, but presently the enemy
started out of the {illegible), which being discovered by the said
Williams, he endeavouring to regain the boat, the enemy came
upon him and the rest pell-mell with stones ; the boat being out of
sight of the ships, and the stones flying so fast that they could
neither discharge muskets nor pistols, but at last regained the boat,
yet had not the power to launch it forth from the shore through the
multitude of stones flung upon them, until at last they were all
stoned to death, excepting this deponent and one James Monsell
aforesaid, but both Avere l)ruised and sorely wounded, and taken
prisoner by the said O'Sullivan Mor, but the rest of them that were
murdered and stoned, they stripped them in a barbarous and most
inhumane manner, and threw their naked corpses upon the shore,
cutting and mangling them in a piteous manner, not admitting

VOL. II. K

130 THE IKISH MASSACHES OF 1G41.

them to have Christian burial, aftertimes the tide at ebb and flow
beating upon their corpses on the beach to and again.

Upon Tuesday following, the 7th day of June, this deponent
and the said Monsell, being the night before kept close prisoners
and asunder, he, this deponent, was then brought before the said
O'Sullivan, who then and there impannelled a jury of twelve men
to pass upon the life of this deponent, and being arraigned and
evidence also given against him, by the said O'Sullivan himself,
that this' deponent was guilty of high treason and (as he alleged)
of robbing and burning the king's subjects, meaning themselves,
but by God's assistance this deponent was then conveyed away out
of sight by means of {blank) Sullivan, who knowing this deponent's
father, the last war in the camp at Kinsale against Tyrone and the
Spaniards, by his intercession this deponent's life was saved.

This deponent further saith, that during his abode with the said
O'Sullivan, which was for six months or thereabouts, he heard him
and other gentlemen confidently say, at several times, that they had
a large commission from his Majesty for what they did, and he
heard the said Daniel O'Sullivan oftentimes say, that they made
no question but that the king was on their side, and was become a
Roman Catholic ; he likewise saw and observed during that time a
Spanish barque out of Biscay, burthen thirty tons, come to Bearhaven
about Michaelmas last, loaded with arms and powder, for the said
Donnel O'Sullivan, which barque, as by credible information given
to this deponent appeared, came hither about tlie 9th of May before
with more powder and arms.

This deponent was likewise credibly informed, that they have
four several councils or common meetings of their chieftains, and
gentlemen, about the raising of an army to surprise and take the
English garrison in the county of Cork, one in Tralee, in the county
of Kerry, one in the city of Limerick, another at Cashel, and
another at Kilkenny, the motives that induce him to believe this
information to be true is, that about the latter end of November
last, this deponent perceiving no way otherwise for him to come
away, requested the said O'Sullivan to give him, this deponent, a
pass to go to the county of Roscommon to his friends, where ho
was born, which being granted this deponent came to Limerick,
accompanied by two of the said 0' Sullivan's men, who had charge
given them to see this deponent safely come thither, where this
examt. stayed two days and two nights, and then and there
observed several meetings of the gentlemen of the country {illegible)

DEroSITIONS. 131

in counsel, namely Garret Barry, then called general of the Catliolick
forces for the provhice of Munster, for so they commonly styled him,
Patrick Pm'sell of Croe, in the county of Limerick, Esquire, lieu'
tenant-general of the said forces, Sir Daniel O'Brian of Ballykett
{sic), in the county of Clare, knight, the Lord of ]\Iuskerry, Captain
Charles Hennessy, master of their ordnance for the said province,
the Lord Baron of Castle Council, Pierse Creagh, mayor of the city,'
and divers other gentlemen of the county of Clare, and county of
Limerick, whose names this deponent doth not remember; like-
wise ho took notice at Clonmell that Captain Pennell and one
Mr. {illegible), mayor of the said town (this deponent then coming
thither from Limerick), went to the council at Cashell from Clonmell.
This deponent further deposeth and saith, while he stayed at Clon-
mell he was credibly told that Owen Roe O'Neill came to Wexford,
not long since out of the Low Countries, who brought in great
store of arms and ammunition, and was made since general of all
the forces of the province of Ulster ; and after him came likewise
into Wexford one Colonel Preston from Flanders, with more arms
and powder, and soon after the same Preston's wife and children
came into Wexford in another ship, loaded with arms, who were
received with great joy and solemnity, and very soon after their
landing Sir Phelim O'Neal married one of the Lord Preston's
daughters, to Avhom the same Preston gave as marriage portion
a thousand pounds in money, a thousand muskets, a thousand
bandeliers, a thousand swords, a thousand carbines, a thousand
pair of petronells, and one thousand great saddles. This deponent
examined, likewise deposeth and saith, that he heard it credibly
reported at Clonmell aforesaid that the said Lord Preston undertook
{illegible) of taking the Castle of Dublin by May Day next, and
.therefore he was to have from the kingdom threescore pounds for
his pains.

TiKLOGii Kelly,
Jurat, coram nobis, llih Jan. 1642,

Philip Bisse.
Thomas El wall.

Note,
The deponent's account of the skirmish at Ballinskelligs is some-
what different from that given by Vauclier and probably more
correct. The latter as a connection of the O'Sullivan Mor would
be very likely to underrate the number killed at Ballinskelligs. It
is evident, however, that those killed at that place were all soldiers,

VOL, II. * K 2

132 THE miSII MASSACRES OF 1041.

well armed, surprised by well armed Irish soldiers, and tliat the
surprise was a retaliation for the burning of Ballinskelligs a few
days before. But Kelly tells us that the burning was also a retalia-
tion for the killing of some of Captain Lee's English soldiers. The
killing of the English at Kilmalochinsta was also a skirmish between
open enemies at war, but the hacking and mangling of the bodies
show how little O'Sullivan's followers understood the first conditions
of honourable warfare. An old MS. History of Kerry in the Eoyal
Irish Academy collections, written by an 0' Sullivan of Dunkerron
about a hundred and twenty years ago, gives the traditional account
of the skirmish at Ballinskelligs, which does not differ materially
from that in the foregoing deposition, but makes the number of the
slain a hvindred and thirty-five. The spot where they fell, which
is on the way from Valentia or Cahir to Ballinskelligs Abbey, is to
this day called Traigh na Sassenagh, or the Strand of the English-
man, and tradition says they were there interred, but from Kelly's
deposition this seems unlikely. Tiegue MacMahon, an Irish Pro-
testant of Stradbally, in the barony of Corcaguiny, county of Kerry,
sworn before Bysse and Williamson on the 8th of May, 1G42, con-
firmed the greater part of his neighbour William Dethick's deposi-
tion, and Marcus Evans, sworn before same on same day, deposed
that he lived near Tralee when the siege began, and that he and his
father went into the castle for shelter, that the latter died there, and
that he, deponent, was present when the castle was surrendered.
He further swore that ' the Protestants who died during the siege
were not permitted to have Christian burial, some of the popish
clergy affirming that their bodies ought to be bui-ned and their
ashes cast into the sea because they were heretics.' {MSS. T. G. D.,
F. 2, 17, p. 81.) Margaret Perry of Kilcushna, near Castle Island,
sworn before Gray and Bysse that her husband and her two sons
were murdered by the rebels. The Eev. Gregory Dickenson, rector
of Dingle, sworn before Bysse, Wallis, and Elwall on the 6tli of
August, 1G42, deposed that Thomas Hood of Dingle and his brother
John were hung, the one at Dingle, the other at Tralee, by the rebels,
and that ' Thomas Spring of Stradbally, Mrs. Eose Morley and her
two sons of Ventry, William and Gilbert Bayley, and the Eev. John
Connor had all turned to mass since the rebellion.'

DEPOSITIONS. 133

CXCIV.

Thomas Feitii, Into Arcluloaoon of Ross, one of his Majesty's
justices of the peace for the counties of Cork and Kerry, duly sworn
and examined, deposeth and saith, that he lost, was rohbed, and
forcibly despoiled of his goods and chattels, and of the goods and
chattels left him by his late brother, John Frith, gent., deceased, in
Cork, worth 1,12GL 15s. lOd., part of which consisted of debts to tlie
sum of 557Z. 15s. lOd., which before this rebellion were esteemed
good debts, but are now become desperate, by reason that some of
the debtors are impoverished Protestants, such as William Eussell,
yeoman, Henry Bergin, gent., Edmund Wallis, clerk, all of or about
Aghardowne, in the county Cork, John Bradshaw, gent., and John
Grant, yeoman, of and about lloss, in the said county, John Barrett,
yeoman, late of Killoyne (sic), in the county of Kerry, Kichard Black-
hall of Castlemaine, in the said county, Tiegue O'Healy of the same,
gent., Thomas Spring of Stradbally, in the said county. Esquire,
Edward Spring of Killahie, in the same county, gent., both of whom
were accounted Protestants before the rebellion, Thomas Goodman,
yeoman, Daniel Stiles, gent., William Dethick, gent., John Morris,
Richard Trant, Morgan {illegible), yeomen, all of or about the
parishes of Killiny, Kilgobbin, and Stradbally, in the barony of
Corcaguiny, in the said county of Kerry, Devereux Spratt of Tralee,
minister, Robert {illegible) of Glanerogh, hi the said county, and
divers others, and the rest are Papists, and are, as this deponent
supposeth, out in actual rebellion, such as William ny {illegible),
alias Donovan, yeoman, Maurice O'Callinan, ge)it., Owen MacDon-
nell Sullivan, gent., Connor O'Regan, gent., Donogh McConogher,
gent., Tiegue O'Hogan, Fineen MacDermot Sulhvan, James Neville,
Donogh MacDermot MacAuliffe, Conogher O'Mahony, William
O'Fiherly, John Bowler, yeoman, Fineen Oge Carty, gent., William
MacTiegue, gent., Fineen MacRandal Hurly, gen^r.., Conogher Mac-
Saunnagh, yeoman, William O'Cronin, yeoman, Melaghlin and
Randal O'Regan, yeomen, with many others in the county of Cork, in
and about the barony of Carl)erry, at the several villages and parishes
of Aghadoune, Kilmacabee, Killahin, Kilfaghny, Kilton, and Ross
Carberry. Also Hubert Huseey of Kilshannig, and Walter Hussey
of the same, in tlie county of Kerry, gentlemen, Kelly FitzPatrick of
Ardfert, gent., Tibbot FitzGcrald, gent., Robert Oge of Listrim,
gent., Edmund Stack of Ardfert, gent., John MacFinecn, gent..

134 THE IRISH MASSACIIES OF inji.

James Cronin, gont., Edmund MacShane of Farrondalloge, gent.,
and Dermot O'Dingle, alias Moriarty of Ballinacourty, yeoman, for
liis cruelty to Protestants now advanced to be a captain amongst the
rebels ; also Owen MaclMoriarty of Kildnnn, gent., Daniel O'Dina-
gan, yeoman, John {illegible), yeoman, all of the county Kerry
aforesaid, with divers others of whom he claims mortgages, debts,
bills, bonds, under their hands. lie likewise saith, that he hath
heard that Thomas Spring of Stradbally, Esquire, in the county of
Kerry aforesaid, with his wife and his only son, and Edward Spring
of Killaghie, in the said county, gent., who were reputed Protestants,
have since this rebellion turned Papists, as also John Gardiner of
Ardfert, in the said county, minister, and his wife, he, as it is
reported, would have turned friar, but the Papists refused to admit
him, he is a man of so notorious, evil, and scandalous a conversation.

Thomas Fiiith,
Jurat. Srd November, 1G42,
Philip Bisse.

ElCHAED PeISLEY.

CXCV.

EoBEKT Becket, of Carrigaliue, in the county of Cork, clerk,
duly sworn and examined before us, deposeth and saith, that on or
about the 25th of May last he was robbed and forcibly despoiled of
his goods worth SGI. He also saith tliat about the time above men-'
tioned he was robbed by Captain MacSwiney and Captain Donell
MacCarty's men, their names he Imoweth not, except one Daniel
O'B {illegible) of Barnahealy, in the said county of Cork, who carried
this deponent and his wife prisoners to Dermot MacCarthy's house,
brother to the said Donell MacCarthy, and after this deponent was
released, on his way coming to Cork, he was assaulted violently by
the number of sixteen of the rebels, who then and there stripped
him of his clothes in a most shameful manner, and within the
matter of a week aftcrsvards this deponent's wife, Elizabetli Becket,
coming to Cork after the deponent, she was assaulted in the highway
between Barn {illegible) and Bally (illegible), in the said county, and
was stripped and shot to death, and lier throat cut by the rebels,
where she lay in a most inhuman manner two days, and at last was
buried in an unchristian manner in the liighAvay.

IxonEUT Becket, cleric.
Jurat. 27 (h April, 15-12,
Phil. Bisse.
rtiCHARu [iUcijihle).

DEPOSITIONS. 135

CXCVI.

Jasper Horsey, late of Bally {illegible), in the parish of Temple
{illegible}, barony of Clangibbon, county of Cork, gent,, a British
Protestant, duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that
upon the 1st of January, 1G41, or thereabouts, this deponent lost
or was robbed and forcibly despoiled of his goods and chattels to the
value of MGl. 10s. And this deponent further deposeth, that about
the 9th day of April last ho, accompanied by Walter Ilarte and
Robert Mitchel, English Protestants, both warders of old Castletown,
in the said county, went to Doneraile to provide some powder for
the defence of the said castle, and stayed there that night. But the
next day, the 10th of April aforesaid, this deponent and the other
two coming back to hold CastletoAvn aforesaid, they were assaulted
and set upon on the highway by John Roche of Ballinemony, in the
said county, gent., having in company with him five horsemen and
twenty armed footmen, who apprehended this deponent and the
rest, and caused them to be disanned and stripped of their clothes,
calling this deponent an ' Enghsh traitor ; ' likewise the same
John Roche then and there took from this deponent besides apparel
{illegible) shillings in money, and a gold ring price thirteen shilhngs.
And the said John Roche inunediately caused the said Walter Ilarte
to be hanged, but in the meantime proffered him his life if he would
turn Papist, and for that purpose brought to him a mass priest to
persuade him thereunto, but the said Ilarte utterly denying to turn,
was presently executed.

This deponent further deposeth, that the same night, being the
10th of April aforesaid, he and the said Robert Mitchel were carried
to Castletown, the Lord Roche's house, where he, this deponent,
continued prisoner for ten weeks, during which time this deponent
observed these particulars folloAvhig, viz. first, he saw about the
15th or IGth of April two of the Lord of Inchiquin's troops, one was
a Scotchman, the other an Irishman, both Protestants, Avith their
horses and arms both taken prisoners by the said Lord Roche's
forces, and brought to Castletown aforesaid, where, though the
Scotchman was sorely wounded and shot through the back, they
were without any mercy hanged. Secondly, this deponent likewise
observed and saw one Donogh MacTiegue, an Irish Protestant, a
man of threescore years of age and upwards, who was sometime
servant to William Jephson of Mallow, Esquii-e, about the beginning

136 THE IRISH MASSACKES OF l(Jil.

of May last, as lie went on the highway to Youghal, to be assaulted
and taken by some of the said Lord Roche's company, who brought
him to Castletown aforesaid, where he remained prisoner a long time
till he was half starved, being allowed but a small morsel of bread
in four-and-twenty hours, and day by day the priests and friars in
the same {illegible), to this deponent's knowledge, being then in
number fifteen at least, did use to come to the said Donogh Mac-
Tiegue, persuading him to turn Papist ; at last when they could
not draw him, they gave him his choice to turn Papist and save his
life, or else there was no remedy he must be hanged, he told them
plainly he was persuaded in his conscience he was of a good and
sound profession, and that he would not turn Papist while he lived.
]5eing at last carried to the place of execution, one Father Roch and
other friars and priests were a long time with him, at last he told
them openly they might go to the devil if they would, but for his part
he would never be persuaded by them, and begged heartily they
would trouble him no more, and so, heartily pi'aying upon the ladder,
he was at last executed. This deponent's cause of knowledge of
this is, that being a prisoner himself, ho saw and observed those
passages, and having his liberty to go up and down he came to the
certain knowledge of these premises. During this deponent's
restraint at CastletoAvn aforesaid he saith, that he observed, about
the latter end of April last, one Elizabeth (blank), a maidservant to
Stephen Thompson, at Mitchelstown, in the said county, on the way
coming for Cork, was apprehended by the said Lord Roche's forces
and brought prisoner to Castletown, where she was adjudged to be
hanged, if she would not turn Papist, which she utterly refused to
do, but others then present thinking it a favour done to her, com-
manded her to be tied to a post and shot to death, and having made
seven shots at her and hit either time, yet not mortally wounded
her, at last she was in a tormenting way hanged. This examt. lastly
deposeth and saith, that he, being a long time in prison and naked
upon the {illegible), being stripped before and lying upon the ground
with a little straw under him, at last he desired to speak in private
to the Loi'd Roch that some course may be taken for his enlarge-
ment, and being admitted to his presence, his lordship spoke these
answering words, or others like to them in effect, ' I can show you,'
quoth he, ' a Coiinnission under the king's hand that ice have gotten
lately from Sir rheiimy O'Neil, whereby tie (meaning the Irish)
are authorised to strip and banish all the English and Protestants
out of this kingdom, if they do not joi)i uilh us a)id do as we do,'

DISPOSITIONS. 137

aucl adding furtlier iu a smiling way, ' I ivill promise yon,' quotli he,
* the English shall eat no more fat beef in this kingdom,' or words
to that purpose, and further deposeth not.

jAsrEK Horsey.
Jurat, coram nobis, IGth May, 1042,
Phil. Bisse.
Kicn. Williamson.

CXCVII.

[Copy.)

Ceokge Gould, of Kinsale, aged thirty years or thereabouts,
sworn and examined, saith, that about the first winter quarter in
the year 1042 he lived in Kerry, and came thence to Blarney, to
buy tobacco, and did see about sixteen English persons, men, women,
and children, that he understood were sent from Macroom, by order
of the Lord IMuskerry, with a guard to Blarney, where they were
delivered to the Commander there, viz. one Lieut. John McWilliam
O'Eeardon, as this deponent believes, who was to send them to
Cork. This deponent did not see the said persons conveyed with a
guard from Blarney towards Cork, but he saw some Irish men of the
ward of Blarney, carrying divers clothes much bloodied on their
backs, wlicrcupon tliis deponent asked them whence they canie, to
whom some of them answered in Irish, that they had dispatched
the said persons, they should never eat more bread, whereupon this
deponent turned aside to James Nagle, now of Dingle, being in his
company then, and said to him, that was no place for them to stay
in, for he believed the vengeance of God would fall thereon, for such
actions, and thereupon they went away together. This deponent
being further examined, saith, he knoweth neither the names of
these English persons, nor the names of those Irish that murdered
them, neither doth lie know any other person then at Blarney, but
the said lieutenant and his ensign, Humphrey Callaghan, and
whether these ofiicers be living now or not he knoweth not.

Geokge Gould.

138 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lG-11.

CXCVIII.

Mary Smyth, of the town and parish of Castle Lyons, county of
Cork, widow, duly sworn and examined, saith that she hath lost by
means of the present rebellion to the value of GOO^., and that her
husband Henry Smyth of Castle Lyons aforesaid, was cruelly
murdered by the Condons on the Gth of April last, at Coole, near
Castle Lyons aforesaid, who cut off his tongue and other members
most inhumanly after he was dead.

1\Iauy Smyth +
Jurat, coram nobis, 19th August, 1G42,
Philip Bisse,
James Wallis.

CXCIX.

Anne Smyth, of the aforesaid parish of Castle Lyons, deposeth
upon oath that the contents of Mary Smyth's deposition are true.
{Signed as before on same day.)

CC.

Catherine Egberts, the relict of George Roberts, of Gortna
{illegible), in the barony of Duhallow, in the county of Cork, a
British Protestant, duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith,
that at Christmas last, and divers times since the beginning of the
present rebellion, she lost, or was robbed and forcibly despoiled of
her goods and chattels to the value of 22GL 10s. She likewise de-
poseth, that about Whitsuntide last, her husband, George Roberts,
in the way coming from Doneraile to Liscarrol, was assaulted by
Redmund Barry of Lisgriffin, gent., and being taken prisoner, they
first stripped him stark naked for the space of three hours, and
afterwards most grievously stabbed his body in several places and
cut his throat. And further deposeth not.

Elizabeth Thwaites, of Liscarrol, in the said county, widow,
this day also came before us and deposeth and saith, that the ac-
count in this bill {sic) concerning the murder of George Roberts is
true.

Katherine Roberts +
Jurat, coram nobis, 5th Feb. 1G42, Eliz. Thwaites +

Phil. Bisse.

Thos. Betteswortii.

DEPOSITIONS. 139

CCI.

John Whetcombe, late of Coole, in the county of Cork, gent.,
a British Protestant, duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith,
that upon the 2nd of February last, or thereabouts, and since the
beginning of this rebellion, he lost and hath been robbed and forcibly
despoiled of his goods and chattels worth 998^. He further saith,
that John and llichard Condon of Ballymacpatrick, in the said
county, gentlemen, and John and Eichard Condon of Ballydurgan,
in tlie said county, gentlemen, and their companies (as this deponent
is credibly informed by his neighbours) were the parties that took
away his cattle. He lastly saith, that his brother Bartholomew
Whetcombe and a matter of eight-and-twenty persons more, or
thereabouts, men, women, and children, whose names he cannot
now remember, were cruelly murdered at Coole aforesaid by the
said Condons and their companies.

John Whetcombe.
Jurat, coram nobis, MtJi Junii, 1G42,

Thos. Bkettkidge.

Phil. Bisse.

ccn.

CnJUSTorHEii Chokeii, being duly examined and sworn upon the
Holy Evangelists, deposeth and saith, that upon Shrove Tuesday,
1041, Captain Ednunid Fennell, with a strong party of rebels with
him, came to Ballyamber, where this deponent's father, Edward
Croker, James Pike and his son John, Thomas Putter and another
Englishman, servant to Captain Joshua Boyle, then lived, and saith
that the rebels summoned them to deliver up their arms and the
house unto them, or otherwise they would take it by force, yet not-
withstanding they had been about half an hour attempting of it and
failed, this deponent's father desired quarter for himself, his wife,
and children, and those above-named Englishmen, and all others in
the house for their lives, which was granted and promise given to
convey them safe half way to Youghal or unto the town's end of
Lismore, whereupon the door Avas opened, and as soon as the rebels
came in, they began to deal very roughly and barbarously with us, and
stript this deponent and his mother and brothers, whereupon this de-
ponent's father, Edwaxd Croker, demanded what they meant to do
with him and if they meant to break their quarter ; the deponent's

140 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

cause of knowledge is, that he was with his father, Edward Croker, in
the house, and heard when the quarter was granted, and saw his
father deliver up the arms, at the same window which they at-
tempted to enter at, and that he was hy his father when he ques-
tioned them whether they meant to hreak the quarter, after the
house was delivered up.

He further saith, that the same day they caused this deponent's
father to be shot to death, and as this deponent heard, the said
Fennell did with his own hand shoot this deponent's father in the
head, after he had received two shots before from those that were
appointed to execute him, and this deponent doth the rather holicvo
it, for that ho heard one shot a little while after the two first were
discharged, and that he saw his father's corpse wounded with shot
in the head, and two in the body, when it was carried to Lismore to
be buried. And further saith, that he, this deponent, heard several
of those rebels tell his mother that Fennell was the man who caused
her husband to be put to death, and that all the others of their
oflicers were willing to spare his life, but that the said Fennell
swore that he would have it in revenge of one of his men who was
hanged by Captain Croker, then governor of Cappoquin, who was
kinsman to this deponent's father. And further this deponent saith,
that the above-named four Englishmen were on the same day hanged
upon the gate by the said Fennell's party, and this deponent stand-
ing by, saw them so executed, which is his caiise of knowledge.
And further this deponent saith, that in or about Midsummer, 1650,
he being then in command under Colonel Sankey in Clonniell, met
with one Lieut. -Colonel James Brian, who was then a prisoner
there, to whom this deponent went, who told him that the above-
named Fennell was the only man who caused his, this deponent's,
father to be put to death, and in this the deponent doth the rather
believe he told the ti'uth, for that the said Brian used him and his
mother civilly, and took care of them at the same time his (de-
ponent's) father was murdered. And further saith not.

Christophek Choker,
This deposition was sxoorn before us,
Eg. Standish,
Ed. Thomas.

DEPOSITIONS. 141

com.

John Dartneld, late of Balliliane and county of Waterford,
Carpenter, deposetb and saith, that on or about the 29th day of
!Receniber last past, and since the beginning of this present re-
bellion in Ii-eland, he lost, was robbed, and forcibly despoiled of his
goods and chattels to the value of 217^. 10s. by the hands of
William O'Murrye of Affane, in the aforesaid county, husbandman,
and by the rebels in those parts whose names he laioweth not.
Likewise this deponent saith, that there was murdered at Cappo-
quin the wife of Hugh Shuger and her daughter, one Mrs. Brown
and her maid, the wife of Robert Sanders, the wife of Henry Vance
and her child, the wife of William Hill, and one Eichard {illegible},
all which were inhabitants of Cappoquin, murdered by the hands
and moans of Captain Edmund FemioU, Captain Sharloge, and their
followers, whoso names this deponent knoweth not.

John + Dartnell, mke.
Jurat, coram nobis, 30th day of June, 1042,
Thos. Badnege.
Phil. Bisse.

CCIV.

John Pollard, late of Carriginlu-a, in the barony of Fermoy,
county of Cork, deposeth and saith, that upon the 26th day of
February last, or thereabouts, he was robbed and forcibly despoiled
of his goods and chattels to the value of 221. 16s. He further saith,
that one Henry Denn, servant of Captain Hargill of Carriginlira
aforesaid, was murdered by Theobald Purcell, the baron of Lough -
moe's men, and he further deposeth that John Keene of Carriginlira
aforesaid, an English Protestant, was likewise murdered by the
tenants and soldiers of Eichard Nagle of Monaniminy in the said

county, gent., now in actual rebellion.

John + Pollard.
Jurat, coram nobis, 2ith May, 1642,
Thos. Bettesworth.
Phil. Bisse.
EicH. Williamson.

142 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

ccv.

MuLRONEY O'Caroll, late of Castledoe, in the county of Done-
gal, gent., sworn and examined, deposetli and saith, tLat since the
beginning of the present rebellion, that ia to say, about the last of
October, 1641, this deponent was at Castledoe aforesaid, and else-
where in Donegal and the King's County, robbed and despoiled of his
estate and goods and chattels, consisting of cattle, sheep, corn, debts,
benefit of leases, money, hogs, household goods, boats, fishings, and
other things, amoimting in all to the value of 1,5001., by and by
the means of those notorious rebels following, viz. Sir Phelim O'Neil
of Kinard, Knt., Maolmurry MacSwyne of [illegible), in the said
county of Donegal, captain of rebels, Neil Mergagh MacSwyne,
gent., Owen Eoe MacPodden, gent., Henry MacSwyne of Castle
Croghan, gent., ]\Iaohnurry MacSwyne of Castle Roughare, gent.,
Manus MacConoglier of Drim, gent., Tiegue O'Swighan {sic), Owen
MacAnally, Tulogh MacAnally, Dermot Mac Anally, Shane O'Murry,
Lawrence O'Murry, James and Col. O'Murry, three brothers, all of
the (illegible), in the said county Donegal, gent., and divers others
whose names he cannot now call to mind. That one Manus Bane
of Doe aforesaid, and his three sons, and some of the rebels before
named, most barbarously hanged and murdered one Robert Akins,
a Protestant minister (who had often relieved and kindly entertained
them in his house), and two of his brothers, John and {illegible) Akins,
in their own house at Clondrohid, in the county of Donegal. And
they also murdered three women, one of whom was great with child
. . , and also murdered eight more Protestants in the Doe aforesaid,
which cruelties and murders were exercised and done chiefly by com-
mand of the said Maolmurry MacSwyne of Magheramoynagh, who is
grandchild to Sir Maolmurry MacSwyne. Those Septs being the most
cruel and bloody minded people of any other in Donegal. And further
saith, that Erwyn MacSwyne is greatly suspected for (being) a most
close, cunning, and dangerous rebel, and to be accessory to divers
bloody murders committed by his kerns and soldiers commanded
by him. And this deponent was most earnestly moved by the said
Maolmurry MacSwyne of Magherimagh, and by Brian Oge Mac-
Loghlin, a popish priest, to join the rebels against the Protestants,
and to deliver the castle of Doe unto them. And they told this de-
ponent that the Scotch had petitioned the parliament house of
England that there should not be a Papist left alive in England,

DEPOSITIONS. 143

Ireland, or Scotland. And that some of the committee employed out
of Ireland in England for Irish affairs having notice thereof writ
over unto them in Ireland to rise in arms and take all the strong-
holds and forts here into their hands, or to that effect. And that
they commanding the rehels now expected the fulfilling of Colum-
kill's prophecy, which as they did construe it, was that the Irish
should conquer Ireland again, or to that effect.

Maolrony Caroll.
Jurat. 2(jth April, 1G43,
John Watson. IIen. Brereton.

Eandal Adams.

Note.

After the words ' most cruel and bloodyminded people of Donegal,'
the following sentence is interlineated :

* And further saitli, he well knoweth that county, and he verily
believeth that there have been a thousand Protestants murdered
and starved there, besides them that fled from it,'
For the Cromwellians' investigation into this murder see the
letters and petitions given hereafter.

144 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF UMl.

THE CASE OF HENEY O'NEIL OF GLASDROMIN.

In his notice of the Manuscripts in Trinity College, Dublin,
which I have already referred to {v. mite, pp. 122-139), Mr. J. T.
Gilbert says : —

" A remarkable instance of the unreliability of statements in
the ' depositions ' has been recently brought to light from un-
published records, in the case of Henry O'Neil, son of Sir Turlogh
O'Neil. At the Court of Transplantation at Athlone in 1055, the
Attorney-General produced depositions taken in 1042 in which
Charity Chappell and George Littlefield of Armagh declared, with
much circumstantiality, that O'Neil had been in rebellion- in 1041
and had plundered to a large amoimt. O'Neil, however, obtained
permission to have Littlefield and Chappell examined in Court.
There both of them admitted that they were not acquainted with
the facts from their own knowledge, but on tlie contrary knew
O'Neil to have always assisted the English. The Court (at
Athlone in 1055) consequently set aside the statements in the
depositions, and decided in favour of O'Neil." {Apj)endix to 8th
Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, p. 570,
1881.)

The substance of this passage has been repeated in Mr. Gilbert's
preface to the History of the Irish Catholic Confederation. The ' un-
published records ' on which he relies to sustain his charges against
the depositions are those referred to in the following passage in
Mr. Prendergast's and Dr. Russell's Report on the Carte MSS. in
the Bodleian Library at Oxford, published in 1871.

" It was before the Court at Athlone, a.d. 1055, that Henry
O'Neil's (claim and qualification) was heard. In the first instance
will be found the extent and annual value of his lands, for by
these Avere to be measured the lands he was to receive in Con-
naixght, and either in fee for life or for term of years, according
to the estate ho held in them in Armagh. He claimed and proved
his title to 10,000 acres (exact 9,305) in fee, of which 2,000 acres
(exact 1,994) were unprofitable ; that he held them by letters

DEPOSITIONS. 145

patent of King James I., dated IGtli September, 1003, and of King
Charles I., dated intli Dec, 1025, made to his father, Sir Tirlogh
O'Neil, Knt., and by the rent of a hawk, or 40s. Irish, and that on
his father's death they descended and came to him. And this
chiim and title was allowed by the court at Athlonc. But touching
his qualification, evidence was tendered, on the part of the Com-
monwealth, of his delinquency from the books of Discrimination, to
bar his claim. The Attorney-General produced the depositions of
Charity Chappell of the city of Armagh, and of George Littlefield
of Loughgall, in the county of Armagh, and others, taken thirteen
years before, i.e., early in 1G42, just after the outbreak, who
alleged that the said Henry O'Neil, Arthur his brother, and
Tirlogh his son, and others, on the 23rd of October, 1041, had
stripped Sir Henry Spottiswoodc of all that ever he had in the
counties of Monaghan and Armagh, being over 4,000L in value,
and that they had robbed and despoiled her and her husband,
deceased, and said George Littlefield of all their goods. The
claimant, Henry O'Neil, begged to be allowed to call some of
the witnesses, who were still alive, and to produce a]id re-examine
themvivd voce to their former depositions, and this being granted
he called said Charity Chappell. She was thereupon demanded
her cause of knowledge of what she had sworn in her deposition
against Henry O'Neil in 1042. She then (in 1055j said she heard,
when she was in prison in Armagh, the first year (of the re-
bellion) that he was in rebellion, and that what induced her to
believe it was that all the country generally was in rebellion.
And George Littlefield being re-examined vivd voce to his former
deposition, said that he heard said Henry O'Neil was out in
action, but not a plunderer. But neither of them knew any
such matter to be true of their own knowledge. On the cor-
trary. Charity Chappell knew him of her own knowledge to
be a great friend to the English, and it was proved by one
Eichard Lee, that the persons who so robbed Sir Henry Spottis-
woode were tenants to the said Henry O'Neil. l^'or proof of his
good afl'ection O'Neil produced the depositions of several witnesses
on his behalf, that at the beginning of the rebellion he saved the
lives of Mr. Thomas Taylor of the city of Armagh, his wife and
family, and six more families of that town, who fled to him for
protection, and sent them away to the English quarters. He
saved the lives of Mr. FitzGerald, a minister, and Mr. Edward
Trevor of Monaghan, and the wives and families of both of them.

VOL. II. L

146 THE imSII MASSACRES OF IGJl.

He had kept altogether 200 persons in his house from the violence
of the rebels, until he could send them to Dundalk and other English
quarters, and as often as he heard of the approach of the rebels,
into his country, he sent intelligence to the governors of Dundallc
or Newry or the adjacent garrisons. For giving such intelli-
gence General Owen O'Neil sent a party of horse and took the
claimant prisoner and sent him to Kilkenny, where he was kept
prisoner for three months, till the army was gone out of the
county, and then he escaped. He had himself been robbed by
the rebels of his horses and cows, and those at Glasdromin had
been burned by order of Sir Phelim O'Neil. It was also deposed
that he could not endure any of his sons to come near his castle.
Once he shot at one of them, who was with a pai'ty coming to his
house, because he was in rebellion. And he had been seen
with weeping tears to bemoan himself, saying, what would be
thought of him, his sons being gone into rebellion, he ' having
been ever faithful to the crown of England.' Upon this state of
facts the court found that he did not aid or promote the re-
bellion in the first year. It might perhaps bo supposed that
Mr. O'Neil would be entitled to a restoration of his estate, and to
escape transplantation. But this would prove a very imperfect
conception of the strictness of the rules of transplantation. Of
course the commissioners could not find that he had aided or pro-
moted the rebellion in the first year, or was ever in arms since,
and they accordingly acquitted him of this. He had also exhibited
much good affection to the English, but he must prove a con-
stant, good affection to bo spared from transplantation, and by
contributing money or victuals, not taken by actual force, and
the payment of taxes and levies in the rebel's quarters (where no
person dared refuse them), he lost his claim (to be exempted from
transplantation). Mr. Henry O'Neil was probably in this latter
predicament. He was adjudged to transplant, but being within
the eighth qualification to have two-thirds of his estate in Con-
naught. The value of the depositions taken shortly after the
outbreak of 1G41 is strikingly illustrated in these proceedings.
Though taken on oath they were taken in the absence of the party
incriminated, and without cross-examination, &c. . . . The decree
which follows is believed to be the only example to be found of
the decrees of the Court at Athlone." {Report on the Carte MSS.
in the Bodleian Library by Dr. Russell and Mr. Prendergast,
pp. 117, M8.)

DKPOSITIONS. 147

Then follows the decree, of which more presently. Such is
Mr. Prendergast's and Dr. Russell's very ahle statement against
the Cromwellian judges of Henry O'Neil, and against the truthful-
ness of the depositions taken in 1G42. It seems at first sight un-
answerable. At the same time thoughtful readers of the Report
may be inclined to doubt that even if Mrs. Chappell and Mr. Little-
lield did contradict in 1G55 what they had sworn in 1G42, that would
be sufficient ground for our believing that the eight hmidred or a
thousand witnesses, baronets, knights, gentlemen, clergymen, ladies,
farmers, and tradesmen, who had made depositions in the latter
year against the Irish Catholics were all more or less perjured.
But setting this aside, let us come to the pith of the whole matter,
and in the first place inquire where Mr. Prendergast and Dr.
Russell found all those remarkable proofs of O'Neil's loyalty to
England and the English, the tales of his refusal to allow his sons
to come to his house, his tears and his threats to shoot them for
their rebellion, his viva voce examinations of Mrs. Chappell and
Littlefield in the Court at Athlone in 1055, which drew from them
a flat contradiction of what they had sworn to in 1042, &c. What
proofs have we of all those things set forth in the above passages
of the Report ? Any one reading those passages would naturally
suppose that Dr. Russell and Mr. Prendergast had examined for
themselves the records of the Court of Transplantation at Athlono
in 1055, containing contemporary reports of the re-examinations
of Mrs. Chappell, Littlefield, Lee, and others, as well as the first
examinations of the two former in 1042, and that a comparison of
the two sets of original examinations, and an exposure of their in-
consistencies, was the ground (and a very good one it would be)
which Dr. Russell and Mr. Prendergast had for declaring O'Neil
had been wronged through the perjuries of the examinants. The
confident tone of the above passages regarding their re-examina-
tions in 1055, leaves no doubt on the reader's mind that the original
contemporary reports of those re- examinations are in existence,
and that those passages in the Report give us a correct abstract of
them, and I was so impressed by it, that after I had copied the
original examinations of 1042, from the books in the College, I at
once set to work to search for those of 1055, taken in the Court at
Athlone. I had not (and have not) any wish to make a ' case ' out
for either party, and if it could be proved that those two witnesses
or any others had sworn falsely, I was sincerely desirous to expose
their falsehood, and thereby serve the cause of truth, which was all

148 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

I had at heart in the investigation of the depositions from first to
last. But to my surprise, when I came to searcli, at the Puhhc
Kecord Offices and the Eecord Tower in Dubhn, for the records of
the Court of Transplantation at Athlone, containing the re-
examinations of Mrs. Chappell and Littlefield, which the Eeport
on the Carte MSS. led me to believe were in existence, I learned
that all Records of that Court, with the exception of one thin
volume containing the reports of the trials of a few delinquent
proprietors in the precinct of Athlone, had been burnt in the great
fire of 1711, which destroyed many other valuable State papers
in the Dublin collection. Still impressed with tho idea that Dr.
Russell and ]\Ir. Prendergast must have in the course of their long
researches somewhere seen, at least, authentic contemporary copies
of those re-examinations of Mrs. Chappell and Littlefield in 1655,
I asked my friend and relative IMiss Rowan, who inherits the
ability of her accomplished and worthy father the late Yen.
Archdeacon Rowan for historical research, to examine the Carte
MSS. at tho Bodleian, the MSS. in the British Museum, and the
State Papers at tho Rolls House, to endeavour to discover those
documents. Our united searches, with every assistance from the
courteous officials in those institutions and offices, proved fruitless.
In the end I reluctantly came to the conclusion that Dr. Russell
and Mr. Prendergast could never have seen the re-examinations
of 1655 or even authentic contemporary copies of them, and that
their sole authority for the statement in favour of O'Neil and against
Mrs. Chappell and Littlefield was the decree above mentioned.
It is printed at length at p. 148 of their valuable Report oil tho
Carte MSS., but as three-fourths of it consist of a schedule of the
different lands comprised in the 10,000 acres claimed by O'Neil, it
is only necessary to give here the remaining fourth part, which is
as follows : —

"Touching the qualification of tho said Ilonry O'Noilo, it
appeared by tho evidence produced on behalf of the Comon-
wealth & by the general oaths of John Corren of Drumboate
aforesaid, Charity Chappell, late wife of Richard Chappell, late
of the town & county of Armagh, & George Littlefield, late of
Loghgall, in the county of Armagh, tliat on the 20th day
of October, 1641, S'" Henry Spotswood, knight, was stripped &
dispoyled of all his goods, ready money & chattells, that ever
he had, in the severall counties of ]\Ionoghan k Armagh, to the

DEPOSITIONS. 149

value of above I.IGOL by Henry O'Neile of Glasdroinine, Esq.,
Arthur O'Neile liis brother, Tirlogh O'Neil his son, & divers
other Eebells ; tliat the said Charity Chappell & her late
husband & the said George Littlefield were in the first yeare
robbed & dispoyled of all their goods, &c., by the parties then
in the present rebellion, to wit, Henry O'Neil of Glasdromine,
Esq., & divers others, and Avhereas it Avas alleged by the
councell on behalf of the said claymant, that some of the
deponents were yett living who had deposed against the said
claymant (O'Neile), to witt, Charity Chappell & George Little-
field, & therefore (he) prayed a commission to re-examhie
them, touching theire former depositions, against the said
claymant, & the Court being desirous to be fully informed of
the truth thereof, gave liberty to the claymant to produce them
viud voce in Court, which accordingly he did, & this day behig
appointed for the re-hearing of the said cause, the Court having
entered into a full and deliberate hearing thereof ; and the said
Mrs. Chappell being demanded upon oath the cause of knowledge
of her former depositions against the said Sir Henry O'Neile,
said she heard he was in rebellion the said first yeare, when she
was in prison in Armagh, Sc the reason then inducing her to
believe the same was, that all the country was gonorally in re-
bellion ; & the said George Littlefield deposed upon oath, that
he heard the said Henry O'Neile was out in action, but not a
plunderer, but neither of them of their own knowledge did knowe
any such matter to be true ; but on the contrary, the said Charity
Chappell did affirme her knowledge of him to bee {sic) a greate
friend to the English ; and by the oath of Richard Lee it ap-
peared that S'" Henry Spotswood was robbed in the first evening
of the rebellion ; the persons that so robbed the said S*" Henry
were tonnants to the said Henry O'Neile ; and the oaths of the
said John Si Samuel Corren being too gcnerall & uncertaine
to amomit-to convincing proofes ; and touching the good affection
of the said claymant, it appeared to this Court by depositions of
sevcrall witnesses, taken in behalf of the saide claymant, that
the said Henry O'Neile at the beginning of the rebellion secured
& saved the lives of Mr. Thomas Taylor of Armagh, his wife
and family, and six more families of the said towne which fled
unto him for safeguard, & sent them away to the English
quarters, & did likewise save the lives of Mr. FitzGarrett, a
minister, his wife & family, & one Mr. Trevors, a minister.

150 THE TRISII MASSACRES OF 1041.

& Mr. Edward Trevors of Monoglian, & both their wives &,
families, with sevei'all other Enghsli, to the number of two
hmidred, all which persoiis he kept in his house, from the violence
of the rebells, untill he found conveniency to send them safe to
Dundalke & other places of the English quarters, & from time
to time, as often as he heard of the approach of the rebells
into the country, the said Henry O'Neile did send intelligence
to the governor of Dundalk or Newry, or the next adjacent garri-
sons of the English, & that for giveing such intelligence, General
Owen O'Neile sent a party of horse & took the said claymant
prisoner, & sent him to Kilkenny, where he was kept prisoner
until the army was then gone out of the country, being about a
quarter of a yeare after, at which tilne he made his escape, &
the rebells did at the same time take a great number of horses,
mares, cows, and other cattle from the said claymant ; that the
said claymant's cattle and horses at Glasdromine Avere burned
by Sir Phelim O'Neil's order ; that the claymant could not
endure any of his sonns to come neare his castle ; that he once
shott at one of his sonns who was with a party comoing to his
house, because he was in Eebellion, & did oft with weeping
teares bemoan himselfe saying, Avhat would be thought of him,
his sons being gone into rebellion, hee having ever been faithfull
unto the Crown of England ; so that comparing the evidence of
the said claymant with the evidence against him, upon the whole
matter, the Court is not judicially satisfied that the said Henry
O'Neile did not aid & assist or otherwise promote rebellion in
the first yeare, nor was in arms since. The Court dotli therefore
think fit and adjudge the said Henry O'Neil to be comprised &
doth fall xnider the eighth qualification of the Act of Settlement
of Ireland, bearing date the 20th day of August, 1G52. And it
is further ordered, adjudged, & decreed that the said Henry
O'Neile shall have and enjoy two thirds part of his said estate to
him, his heirs and assigns for ever, in Connaught or Clare, ac-
cording to the true intent of the said eighth qualification of the
said Act of Settlement : Saveiiig to his Highnesse the Lord
Protector & Comonwealth of England all right and title which
at any time hereafter may appear to belong or appertain to
his said Highnesse, or the said Commonwealth, and saveing to
all other persons all right and title which at any time hereafter
may appear to belong or appertain to them or their heirs, into
or out of the lands and estate claymcd by the said Henry O'Neil

DEPOSITIONS. 151

or into or out of any part thereof in any wise. Dated at Athlone
the 5tli day of November, 1G55."

"Examd.by, " Isaac Dobson.

Ed. Couse, Registrar r Wm. Frankland.

J. SOUTHEY."

" Compared with the Original this 2dth December, 1GG8,"
"John Tayloia, Beg'' r " Wm. Cooper."

Perceiving that the above as it stands in Dr. Russell's and Mr.
Trendergast's lleport on the Carte MSS. (p. 151) seemed to have
been printed from a mere copy made in IGGB, of an original of 1G55,
and Imowing the suspicious character of many similar documents
drawn up in the former year, I wrote to Mr. Prendergast to ask if
the original decree or a certified contemporary copy of it made by
the Cromwellian officials was in existence. In reply he wrote to
me saying, ' the decree is an office copy made in 1GG3, by the
officers who had official care of the Cromwellian legal papers.
These being all brought together for the use of the Commissioners
of the Court of Claims, were unfortunately burnt in the great fire
at the Council Office in 1711, and amongst them the Athlone
decrees.' Thus there is not a single original record of the pro-
ceedings at the Court of Athlone in 1G55 regarding Henry O'Neil
in existence.

The sole authority for all that Dr. Russell and Mr. Prendergast
have stated about him and the alleged re-examinations of Littlefield
and Mrs. Chappell in 1G55 at Atlilone, cowtradicting what they
had sworn in 1G42, is this copy said to have been made by the
royalist officials of the Court of Claims in 16G3 of a decree, alleged
by them to have been issued by the Athlone Court of eight years

before.

Now when we remember that all impartial historians of credit,
and some who, hke Carte, are decidedly partial to the claims of the
Irish loyahsts of 1660, admit that the forging of documents at-
tempting to prove the ' nocent ' Irish of 1641-2 ' innocent,' in order
to restore them to their forfeited lands and oust the CromweUian
grantees, was a regular branch of business in 1G60-7 ; that Richard
Talbot, 1 subsequently Duke of Tyrconnell, known even amongst his

1 V. p. 153 "f I^cport on the Carte MSS. by Dr. Eivssell and Mr. Prendergast,
where they say with respect to the Allen estate tliat the old proprietors were
restored through the aid of Tallwt and Lord l^erkely, the latter acting ' it would
seem out of pity, and Colonel Talbot on promise of part of the lands for his

162 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 10 II.

Cavalier associates by the sobriquet of ' lying Dick,' drove an actual
trade in those frauds, receiving large sums of money or promises of
large slices of the lands claimed in return for concocting them and
' floating ' them by his influence at Court ; that Ilem-ietta Maria's
profligate favourite Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans, also traded success-
fully in the same frauds, it seems quite probable that this 1G63
copy made by those noblemen's friends is from beginning to end a
forgery. It is to the frequency of such frauds that Brodie alludes
in his observations on Dean Kerr's worthless declaration [v. Vol. I.
Introduction, p. 119).

At all events before wo accept this copy of a lost original against
the veracity of the still extant original depositions of Chappell and
Littlefield in lG-12, we are surely bound to sift and test the former
by the latter. This is just the contrary of the process adopted by
Mr. Prendergast and Dr. Russell. They print the copy of 1G63
impugning the veracity of the original depositions of 1G42, without
printing, or even examining the latter, and they build up a whole
case against those original documents on the sole authority of a
copy of a lost original.

I must ask my readers to note that I am not here concerned
Avith the guilt or innocence of O'Neil, but with the charge made by
Dr. Russell, Mr. Prendergast, and Mr. Gilbert against the veracity
of Littlefield's and Chappell's depositions in 1G42. For reasons to
be given hereafter, I think Henry O'Neil was not deeply involved
in the massacres and outrages committed by his sons and other
rebels in 1G41-3, but that he was a more or less passive spectator,
a waiter on providence, afraid or unable to do'mucli against them,
and desirous to take his politics and his creed from the conquering
party. But before we can believe, on the authority of the copy of
1GG3, that Littlefield and Chappell contradicted in 1G55 what they
had sworn in 1G42, we must satisfy ourselves, by the examination

soliciting Allen's cause,' which promise -was fulfilled. Carte, in his Life of Ormond,
tells us that six Irish gentlemen, whose names he gives, paid 05,000^. to Jermyn
to procure for them decrees of innocence, and that Antrim having no children
settled the reversion of his estate on Jermyn for his influence to procure a
similar decree, and to cause him (Antrim) to be released from imprisonment in the
Tower, but that when Antrim was set free and restored to his estate it was found
that he had, before the settlement on Jermyn, conveyed over all his said estate to
his brother, so that Jermyn was baulked, and the biter bit. l'\jr a Christian and
high-minded view of Jermyn's character generally and his acts, by the most emi-
nent of living Knglish historians, see The Personal Government of Charles the First,
hi/ S. 7?. Gardhur, F.S.A., vol. ii, p. 10.

DErOSlTIONS. 153

of tlieir original depositions made in the latter year, which fortu-
nately still remain, what it was they actually did then swear to,
and compare it with what this copy says of both those depositions,
and the re-examinations of 1G55. If we find that the origmal
depositions of Littlefield and Chappell in 1G42 correspond with
the abstract given of them in the copy of the decree, and that
they are in contradiction to the abstract the copy gives of the
same witnesses' re-examinations in 1G55, then Mr. Prendergast,
Dr. Russell, and Mr, Gilbert have some ground whereon to maintain
their particular charge against those witnesses, and their general
one against all the depositions of 1G42. But if, on the contrary,
we find that the 1GG3 copy gives an untruthful abstract of the two
witnesses' depositions in 1G42, making them say what they did not
say, and that the abstract it gives of their re-examinations in 1655
shows that they only repeated in substance what they had actually
sworn to in 1G42, then manifestly there is no reasonable ground
for doubtuig their veracity, and the particular and general charges
of Mr. Prendergast, Dr. Russell, and Mr. Gilbert cannot be main-
tained, while the copy of the decree, on the other hand, is proved to
be untruthful, is self- convicted of untruthfulness, if I may be per-
mitted to use the expression.

According to the copy and the three gentlemen who place such
reliance on it, as convicting Chappell and Littlefield (and many
others) of perjury, those two witnesses deposed on oath in 1G42,
that in the fust year of the rebellion ' they were robbed and de-
spoyled of all their goods and chattels by Henry O'Neil of Glasdro-
min.' George Littlefield made two depositions before the Com-
missioners, one of which, containing no mention of Henry O'Neil,
has been already given {v. ante, p. 85). The second deposition of
Littlefield, sworn on the same day before the same Commissioners,
is as follows : —

" George Littlefield, late of Loughgall, in the county of
Armagh, being sworn and examined, deposeth, that about the
bcgimiing of the present rebellion he was robbed and despoiled
of his goods and chattels, viz. two horses worth 51., household
stulf and {illegible) to the value of 15Z. ; also this deponent hath
lost the benefit of a lease of a house and backyard which ho held
in Loughgall for fourteen years to come, upon which this de-
ponent hath bestowed lately in building 30L ster., and he like-
wise hath lost the hereafter profits of a farm worth 7/. per an.

154 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

He also saith that about the 11th of May last, when the whole
country about Armagh was burnt, this deponent was forced to
shelter himself in an island, and being there taken by the rebels
James O'Donnelly, late of {illegible), labourer, and Hugh Boy
MacManus, late of Dromnlly, gent., he was constrained to give
them Idl. for a convoy for himself and some of his friends
towards Dublin, but having got the money into their hands, they
did not according to their promise send a convoy with this de-
ponent, but kept him prisoner, and would have murdered him,
but he escaped that night. And this deponent saith, that the
persons hereinafter named were in open rebellion in the said
county of Armagh, about the beginning of March last : Sir Phelim
O'Neil of Kinard, in the county of Tyrone, Turlogh O'Neil, Esq.,
brother to Sir Phelim, Patrick Ballagh O'Donnelly of Bally
(illegible), yeoman, Neil O'Donnelly of the same, yeoman, Shane
O'Haghie {sic) of Benburt, in the county of Tyrone, gent., Alex-
ander Hovenden of Ballinbeatagh, in the county of Armagh,
gent., Edmund Crawley of Armagh, gent., Murtogh O'Donnelly,
late of Charlemont, gent,, Henry Oge O'Neil of Glasdromin,
Esq., John Stanley, late of Drogheda, alderman, Shane O'Neil,
late of Killnaman, in the county of Tyrone, gent.. Art O'Neil of
Mullaghmore, gent., Henry O'Neil his son of the same, gent.,
and several others whom this deponent cannot now remember.
And further saith, that Manus O'Cahan of the Grange, near
Loughgall, gent., a colonel among the rebels, Brian Kelly of
Charlemont, in the county of Armagh, a captain of the rebels,
Shane O'Neil, also of Charlemont aforesaid, captain of the
rebels, Patrick O'Donnelly of {illegible), in the same county,
gent., are with many others mentioned in his former deposition
in actual rebellion."

"George Littlefield +"
" Jnrat. June 1st, 1642,

Wm. Aldrich.

Wm. Hitchcock."

It will be seen that in this, his second and last deposition, made
on June 1st, 1G42, George Littlefield does not accuse Henry O'Neil
of having 'despoiled him of all his goods and chattels.' The
deponent does not in fact accuse O'Neil of plundering any one, but
merely swears in 1042 what, according to this copy of the decree,
he sworo in 1655, that he believed O'Neil was out in rebellion with

t)EPOSITIONS. 155

his sons, brotlier, and kinsmen. Hence tlie whole charge made by
Dr. Piussell, Mr. Prendergast, and Mr. Gilbert against Littlefield'g
veracity, on the ground that he contradicted in the latter year what
he had sworn to in the former, falls to the ground. The main
question before the Court was not whether O'Neil was a rebel, for
that the Court held every man to be who had sided with Charles I.,
but whether he had murdered or plundered Protestants, or sheltered
their murderers and plunderers.

Now as regards ]\Irs. Chappcll's evidence, it will be also seen by
her deposition of 1G42, hero printed from the original in Trinity
College, Dublin, that she never did swear in that year as the copy
of 1GG3 alleges she did: —

" Chaiuty Chappell, late wife of Richard Chappell, late of
the town and comity of Armagh, Esq., widow, duly sworn and
examined before us, deposeth and saith, that, since the beginning
of the present rebellion, her late husband and she have been
by the rebels forcibly expelled from their farms and grounds,
Avhich they held in lease for sixty years or thereabouts, all lying
in or near Armagh aforesaid, of the yearly value of 400Z., her own
when the rebellion began, one year's value whereof they have
already lost, amounting to 400^., and that her said husband being
since dead, she is like to lose the future profits thereof until
a peace be settled, and that the same farms come to their
former value. And this deponent and her husband were also
deprived, robbed, and otherwise despoiled, since the beginning of
this rebellion, of their stocks of cattle upon their grounds, worth
961 Z., of corn and hay in the stack worth {illegible), corn in the
ground worth 87Z., plate and household stuff worth {illegible},
wool worth {illegible), debts owing by divers persons, some in rebel-
lion, and the rest robbed and disenabled by the rebels to make her
any satisfaction, in all amounting to the sum of 2,248^. And
further saith, that there is owing unto her by debts of English
Protestants, slain and robbed by the rebels, so as they are disen-
abled to give her any satisfaction, amounting in all to 253/. And
that the parties hereinafter named, being all actors in the present
rebellion, are also indebted to this deponent, in several and par-
ticular sums of money, amounting in all to 131Z., the names of
which positive rebels are these, viz. Hugh Boy McDonnell of
{illegible), in the county Antrim, captain of rebels; Alexander
Hovenden of Ballin [illegible), another captain ; Hugh Moddcr

15G THE IKISIl MASSACRES OF lOJl.

O'Quin of tlie same, gent. ; Patrick Morgan of Armagli ; ^lackill-
duffe O'Quin of the Fews, gent. ; Henry O'Neil of Glasdromin ;
Turlogli O'llagan of Armagli, labourer ; Patrick and Tliady
. O'Donnell of Armagli, merchants ; Edmund Kelly of {blank),
John and James Hanlon of Armagh, millers ; Patrick Donnelly
of Armagh, merchant, Edmund O'Donnell of Lisduanfe, fafmcr ;
all of the county of Armagli, and Edmund Crelly of Armagh
aforesaid, another captain of rebels. And further saitli, that by
means of the said rebellion she hath lost and suffered by the
wasting, spoiling, and burning of her houses and improvements
to the value of 1001. , besides many debts and other losses she
cannot remember, she having had her debt books and most of
her writings burnt by the rebels, and therefore their value she
cannot now estimate. And further she saith, that she hath
credibly heard that the rebels did slay and kill divers Protestant
ministers, viz. Mr. Fullarton, minister of Loughgall, Mr. Blyth,
minister of Dungannon, Mr. Kobinson, minister of Kilmore, and
his wife ; Mr. Hudson, minister of Desert Martin, Mr. Griffin,
curate of Armagh, and that at one time the rebels took away from
Armagh threescore Protestants and murdered them, and a second
time about forty-five were also by them murdered, and that Avhen
Armagh was burned, the rebels murdered a great many more
Protestants, but how many she knoweth not ; many children
being seen there murdered in vaults and corners, where they
fled to hide themselves. And saith, that her present losses by
means of the rebellion that she can remember, cometli to 3,243/.,
her future loss being like to be 400/!. per an. as aforesaid. And
further saith, that one Mr. Preston, son-in-law to Turlogh Ogo
O'Neil, uttered these words, viz. that the ' gantry of Ireland on
their side did much grieve that the scum of the English should he
there to overtop them.' And that she often heard divers of the
rebels say, that Sir Phelim O'Neil was by them made 'the O'Neil.'
And the very morning that Armagh was burned, the said Turlogh
Oge O'Neil said in her hearing, that if the English army came
on behalf of the king, he would deliver to them the town of
Armagh, but that if they came on behalf of the parliament of
England, then he would not surrender it to such rogues, but
would fight it out. Yet afterwards, when he thought the English
army came near the town, both he and Sir Phelim O'Neil and
the rest of the rebels there suddenly ran away from them and

■ DEPOSITIONS. 157

fled. And further saith, that Michael Dunn of Castle Dillon, in
the county of Armagh, was in open rehellion."

" Charity Chappell."
" Mrat. 20th July, 1G42,

John Steune. " John Watson.

Wm. Aldiuch. Wm. Hitchcock."

Hen. Breketon."

]\Irs. Chappell was the widow of a rich merchant, and evidently
a shrewd, money-loving, energetic woman "of business, and a friend
to the parliament even in the presence of the royalist Commissioners,
Like all persons of her type and class, she may have somewhat ex-
aggerated, with no deliberate or conscious dishonesty, the value of
her stolen goods and bad debts. But she never once in this her
deposition of 1G42 accuses Henry O'Neil of having ' robbed and de-
spoiled her of all her goods,' as the copy of the decree says she did.
She merely says, like Littlefield, in his deposition made some six or
eight weeks previously, that she believed Henry O'Neil was in actual
rebellion, and that he was one of her debtors.

Thus we have now exposed two absolute falsehoods in this copy
made in 1GG3 of a decree alleged to have been issued in 1G55. This
copy tells us the two witnesses swore in 1G42 that they were robbed
and despoiled of their goods and chattels by Henry O'Neil of Glas-
dromin, but their original depositions of that year now before us
prove that they swore no such thing. Therefore Mr. Prendergast's
and Dr. Russell's charge against the said witnesses, based on the
statement in the copy that they, when re-examined in 1G55, swore,
in contradiction to their evidence in 1G42, that they were not
plundered by O'Neil, is proved utterly groundless, as is the general
charge against the rest of the depositions based on this imaginary
contradiction.

But it may bo said the copy of the decree asserts that Mrs.
Chappell swore in her re-examination in the Court at Athlone in
IGGS, that Henry O'Neil, whom she called a rebel in her first ex-
amination in 1G42, was a great friend to the English, and that here
at least she contradicted herself, and gave ground for Mr. Prender-
gast's and Dr. Russell's charges. To this I answer that our sole
autliority (so-called) for what Mrs. Chappell is asserted to have
said in her re-examinations in 1G55, our sole authority, in fact, for
supposing that these re-examinations ever took place at all, is this

158 THE IRISn MASSACRES OF 1(311.

copy of the decree in which we have ah'eady deteoted two great
falsehoods. If such re-examinations in the case of Henry O'Neil
were ever made in the Athlone Court, I do not beheve the abstract
of them in this copy of 1GG3 is correct, any more than the abstract
of the examinations of 1G42 which it gives is correct. We have found
the latter to be false, and are therefore quite justified in believing
the former would be found so, if the records of the Athlone Court
had been preserved as the depositions of 1G42 have been. And
as to the alleged depositions of ' divers (anonymous) witnesses '
which are mentioned in this untruthful copy, as bearing testimony
to Henry O'Neil's tears and threats at his son's robollion, and liis
having saved the lives of more than two hundred Protestants, in-
cluding the family of Mr. Taylor, they may be all dismissed as
myths of Dick Talbot's or his friends' invention, or at least as
exaggerations containing a grain of truth with a hundredweight of
falsehood. It is probable that Henry O'Neil, like Sir Phelim him-
self, and other rebels who actively persecuted and plundered the
Protestants, and were accessory to their murder, may have protected
a Protestant here and there, towards whom he had a friendly feeling.
But such exceptional acts of kindness it is needless to say would not
entitle him to be pronounced innocent in the Court at Athlone,
where justice was impartially administered. We know from the de-
position of Michael Harrison that it was Sir Phelim O'Neil himself
who gave Mr. Taylor and his wife a protection, although it would
appear that Henry O'Neil also had a friendly feeling towards their
Bon, and as Harrison believed, would have saved him if possible.
And it is wholly incredible that if Henry O'Neil had been such an
uncompromising friend to the English and Scotch colonists, had
protected them and opposed Sir Phelim and his followers to the extent
asserted in this alleged copy of a decree of 1G55, that those facts
would not have been stated in several of the depositions taken
between 1641 and 1G54, the originals of which still remain. We
have seen how careful the deponents generally were to mention
the names of any Roman Catholic, from Owen O'Neil down to a
poor labourer, layman or priest, who had done them a kindness,
and the letters, orders, &c., hereafter given written in 1G50-5, ex-
empting from transplantation and forfeiture John Knight of Kerry,
John O'Connell, Daniel O'Hagan, and other Eoman Catholics who
had been real, not pretended, friends of the persecuted Protestants
in 1G41-9, will show that such good deeds were always rewarded by
Cromwell. Even Roman Catholic historians are obliged to admit

DEPOSITIONS. 159

tliat lie rewarded the two priests wlio saved the lives of a few
Protestants in the massacre at Cashel, a massacre which drew down
on that place the terrible vengeance of Murrogh O'Brien, fourth
Baron of Inchiquin. Another proof that this copy of the decree of
1GG3 is a more or less clumsy fraud, is to be found in the account
it gives of the sworn evidence of John and Samuel Corren.' Both
those witnesses distinctly and positively swore in 1G42, that Henry
O'Neil was one of the rebels who plundered the houses and lands
of Sir Henry Spottiswoode. Whether they swore truly or falsely
their testimony Avas decided and particular in marking him as a
plunderer as w'ell as a rebel in 1641. Yet this copy of the decree
describes it as having been ' too generall and uncertaine to amount
to convincing proofes.' How false this description is, will be seen
by the following copies of the Corren's deposition in 1642, from the
originals in the books in Trinity College, Dublin.

" Samuel Corren, of Drumboate, in the county of Monaghan,
yeoman, aged threescore and four years or thereabouts, being
examined and sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, saith as foL
loweth : that on the 22nd day of October last past, Sir Henry
Spotswood, Knt., Avas robbed, stripped, and despoiled of all the
goods, chattels, ready money, and other things that over he had
in the several counties of Monaghan and Armagh by Henry
O'Neil of Glasdromin, Arthur O'Neil, his brother, and Tirlogh
O'Neil, son to the said Henry O'Neil, all of them inhabiting in
the county of Armagh, and their accomphces and adherents,
that is to say, in ready money, plate, and household stuff to the
value of 2,500/., in cows, horses, and sheep to the value of
[illegible), and in corn and hay to the value of 160/. or there-
abouts. And he further deposeth and saith, that Sir Christopher
Bellew, alias Bedlow, of Castletown, in the county of Louth,
knight, on the 25th day of October last past, being Monday,
between nine and ten o'clock in the forenoon of the same day,
he, this deponent, did then see him, the said Sir Christopher,
accompanied with his own footman, Patrick O'Doughlin, come
off and from his own lands into and upon the lands and grounds
of the said Sir Henry Spotswood, lying and being within the
territory of Drumboate, in the said county of Monaghan, and
from thence he, the said Sir Christopher in his own person, his

' They were dead in 1G55, if wo are to believe the decree, which only mentions
ChappoU and Littlefiold as then living.

IGO THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

said footman, and certain other persons, liis tenants, did drive
away to the number of eighty head of cows and other cattle of
the proper goods of him the said Sir Henry Spotswood into the
lands of him the said Sir Christopher Bedlew, alias Bellew, lying
in the comity of Louth. And further this deponent deposeth
and saith, that he, being then servant to the said Sir Ilem-y
Spotswood, and tendering the goods and welfare of him the said
Sir Henry, went of his own accord to Castletown, the dwelling-
house of the said Sir Christopher Bedlow, alias Bellew, and in-
formed him that the said Sir Henry was then before robbed of
his goods and chattels to a great value, and also then and there
told the said Sir Christopher that there was to the value of 200Z.
worth of the proper goods of the said Sir Henry then remaining
in the houses and possession of several of the tenants of him, the
said Sir Christopher, hoping by such complaint tliat the said
Sir Henry might receive some present remedy and relief. But
he, the said Sir Christopher, said he would neither meddle nor
make nor give any assistance at all."

" Sam. CoRiiEN."
" Deposed before us, Jan. 15th, 1G41,

Randall Adams.

Hen. Breeeton."

Three days later John Corren made the following deposition : —

"John Coriien, of Drumboate, in the county of Jlonaghan,
yeoman, sworn and examined, saith, that on the 2Gth day of
October last past. Sir Henry Spotswood, knight, was robbed,
stripped, and despoiled of all the goods, ready money, and
chattels that he had in the several counties of Monaghan and
Armagh, which this examt. believeth to be to the sura of 4,1G0Z.
or thereabouts, by Henry O'Neil of Glasdromin, Esq., Arthur
O'Neil, his brother, and Tirlogh O'Neil, son to the said Henry, all
of them of the county of Armagh, and divers other rebels, some
on horseback and some on foot under their command, and that
they left the said Sir Henry nothing at all. And further saitli,
that on Monday next then after this deponent being escaped
away from Drumboate aforesaid, where he and other of his
fellow- servants were shewdly wounded, inasmuch that he be-
lieveth the other two are dead, went to one Sir Christopher
Bellew, alias Bedlow, of Castletown, in the county of Lowth, knt.,
Avith intention to have procured a pass to Dublin from him, and

DEPOSITIONS. IGl

telling the said Sir Christopher how the said Sir Henry Spots-
wood was robbed of his goods, the said Sir Christopher then
denying to give this deponent any pass, then and there said,
and confessed to this deponent that he (Sir Christopher) was
present on the lands of the said Sir Henry Spotswood when hia
goods were taken and carried away, and that therefore this de-
ponent need not tell him any more about it."

" John Corren + "
"Jurat. 18fhJan. IGil,

Hen. Jones.

Wm. Aldrioii."

The following deposition was als-o made against Henry O'Neil,
his sons, and tenants. I omit the long inventory of the deponent's
goods and chattels stolen or destroyed.

" Paul Reed, of Blackstaff, in the comity of Monaghan, clerk,
sworn and examined, saith, that by means of this rebellion he
was deprived and despoiled of his wife and children ; two of his
children with poverty and bad usage perished, and three with
his wife were murdered ; one was murdered at Blackstaff with
three men and women by the rebels of Monaghan, viz. Patrick
MacMahon, Art MacMahon, and their brother, whose (Christian)
name he knows not, and one James MacMor ]\IacMahon and a
drummer from Ardee, whose name he knows not ; this deponent's
wife and the two other children were barbarously and cruelly
murdered within one mile or two of Glasdromin Castle, in the
Fews, by Henry O'Neil's servants and tenants, and their bodies
left to be food for dogs and fowls of the air. This deponent
further saith that the rebels of the county Monaghan, Lowth,
and Armagh, over and above the above-named rebels who with
force of arms have used (illegible) and cruelties towards his
Majesty's Protestant subjects of the kingdom of Ireland, whom he
knows are : Ardell MaclMahon, MacHugh IMacMahon, Cormac
Art MacMahon of [illegible), in the county of Monaghan, Con
MacMahon, brother-in-law to Cormac Bawn MacMahon in the
parish of Killeane, county Monaghan, Patrick MacLaughlm
MacMahon of the (illegible), Henry O'Neil of Glasdromin, Art
Oge O'Neil, brother to said Henry, both of the Fewes, in the
county of Armagh, and the most part of the inhabitants of the
{illegible) towns of the Fews, of the county of Lowth, and the
inhabitants of Drumbic (sic), of the county of Armagh, were at

VOL. II. jl

162 THE IRTSri MASSACRES OF 1011.

the robbing and spoiling of the inhabitants of Drumboate, being
Sir Henry Spotswood's house, in the county of Monaghan. This
deponent further saith, that he thinks of his conscience, that the
tenth part of the British of the whole north of Ireland who were
robbed and despoiled by the rebels, are not at present alive, so
many being murdered and cruelly put to death, others being
stripped and robbed of their clothes and all they had, through
sickness and poverty miserably dying, and others for succour and
relief flying the kingdom, and dying in Scotland and England

although relieved there."

" Paul Reed."
" J^irat. Oth August, 1G12,

John Watson.

John Sterne.

Hen. Brereton."

Sir Henry Spotswood himself made the following deposition.
It is as far as I could ascertain the only one in the whole thirty-two
volumes in the college in which the pen has been drawn over the
relation of a murder or alleged murder. Sir Henry having left his
Irish servant O'Donnelly at Drumboate after ho was wounded, was
in doubt about his having recovered and heard conflicting accounts
on the subject. This accounts for the alteration in the MS. which
was evidently made the day or week that the deposition was taken.
It tells in favour of the Commissioners' impartiality, not against it,
that they hastened to erase the account of the supposed murder.

" Sir Henry Spotswood, late of Drumboate, in the county of
Monaghan, sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that about
6 or 7 o'clock in the night of the 22nd of October last past, he
this deponent was robbed, stripped, and despoiled of all the goods,
chattels, ready money, and other goods that ever he hath within
the several counties of Monaghan and Armagh. And quickly
after he was also robbed, stripped, and despoiled of all the goods
and chattels that he had within the counties of Fermanagh and
Tyrone, by the rebels now up in arms in those counties, viz. by
Turlogh O'Neil of Lany, barony of Glasdrum, county of Armagh,
Esq., Sir Phclim O'Neil, knt., of Kinard in the said county. Coll
MacMahon of the barony of Dunamaine, county of Monaghan,
Esq., and Rory IMaguire, the Lord Maguire's brother, and divers
other rebels, under their command whose names this deponent
knoweth not : which said goods consisting of corn, cattle, house-

DErOSITlONS. 1G3

liold atulT; ready monoy, liis interest of leases and debts dno,
amount in all to the sum of 5,G80Z., or thereabouts. And this

thrvt the said reliels did grievously -n-ound

deponent further saith that the said robola about-tho same time

JicT iiiosl jrucll}- and harharcus!}' niurdcr one Patrick 0 'Donnelly,
this deponent's servant, and detained as prisoner Jane, thi e
deponent's daughter, and three of his servants, by name John
]\Iorris, Eichard Lee, and Anne Lee, who still, as he believeth,
remaineth in prison with the said Coll MacMahon, in Carrickma-
cross. Beside the same rebels kept in restraint one Mr. Robert
Boyle and his wife, one Mr. Magill, another minister, Mr. James
]\Iontgomery, another minister, one Ealpli Seacome, gent. And
this deponent hath not only suffered the losses and wrongs
aforesaid, but many more in other places, whereof as yet he can
give no present estimate. And further saith, he credibly heard
that the rebels aforesaid, or some of them, did often wish that
they had in custody this deponent's person, that they might cut
him in pieces, or words to that effect."

"Hen. Spotswoode."
"Jurat. 15th Jan. 1041,
Roger Puttock.
Randal Adams."

Anotlicr Monaghan witness made the following deposition a
year later : —

"Elizabeth Clark, late of Peterborrow, in the county of
Monaghan, widow, late wife of Thomas Clark, of same, gent.,
sworn and examined saith, that in the beginning of the present
rebellion, and by means thereof, her said husband and she were
expelled, robbed, and otherwise despoiled, of their residence,
goods, and chattels of the value, and to their present loss, of 385Z.
by Patrick MacArdell MacEiver MacMahon of the Cargagh, in the
said county, gent.. Garret Makee {sic), of (blank), near Peterbor-
row aforesaid, and many other rebels, whose names she knoweth
not, and saith, that most of her said goods were brought unto
and received by Collo MacBrian MacMaghan {sic), now of
Carrickmacross, Esq., Roger Whitehead of Enniskeen, in the said
county, gent. And further saith, that the parties whom she saw
and knoweth to be in actual rebellion, and to carry arms against
his Majesty and his loyal subjects, are these that follow, viz. the
said Collo MacBrian MacMahon, Roger Whitehead, Patrick

u 2

164 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

McArdell McEiver McMalion, Patrick FitzEdmund and Owen
O'Murpliy, two bloody rebels, Patrick Groom {illegible), Garret
Makee, and one Art McBrian McMahon, brother to the said Coll
Patrick McLoughlin McMahon, and Koss McLoughlin Mac-
Mahon, Eiver MacLoughlin MacMahon, their vicar-general, a
most cruel and bloody priest ; Edmund McLaughlin McMahon,
another priest ; Pierse O'Duffy, and Turlogh O'Dufify, his eldest
son, which said Turlogh O'Duffy, and Ross McTurlogh Mac-
Mahon drowned seventeen men, women, and children, all Protes-
tants, at Ballenrosse, in the said county ; Patrick ]\IacEiver
Mahon, Owen MacEiver MacMahon, Rory and Hugh MacEiver
Mahon, and Art MacEiver Mahon, being the sons of Collo Mac-
Eiver MacMahon near Castleblaney, gent., Tirlogh Oge O'Neil
and Shane O'Neil, both sons of Henry O'Neil of Glasdromin, Esq.,
Philip O'Calon (sic) oi {blank) near Carrickmacross, gent. Donogh
Roe O'Calon and Patrick Roe O'Calon, brothers and kinsmen to the
said Philip O'Calon ; Philip O'Duffy, popish priest, of the parish
of Dunamaine. And further saith, that on New Year's Day, 1641,
the aforesaid three priests, chief instigators, and the rest of the
rebels caused this deponent's husband and Mr. William Williams,
Mr. Ethel Jones, Mr. Gabriel Williams, Mr. James Montgomery,
minister of Dunamaine, Mr. Boswell and his wife, who were so
aged they both went upon staves, Thomas Osburne, Richard
Ilollis, Richard Taylor, John Morris, Philip Pliarley, William
Wood, Thomas Traun, John Jackson, Thomas Aldersley, George
Green,Ralph Seacombe, Edward Ball, Edward Cudworth, Robert
Ray, Richard Gates, and John {blank), servant to Mr. Boyle,
and another that was servant to Mr. Dillon and gathered his
rente, John Walmisley, Richard Musgrave, William Musgi-ave
and his wife, Henry Wylie, George Harrison, Thomas Young and
divers other Protestants, whose names she knoweth not, to be put
to death ; some they hanged, and some they stabbed, wounded,
and cut to pieces, and one of those, the said Osburne, after they
had hanged him they gave him at least forty wounds in several
parts of his body. And saith further, that the said Eiver Mac-
Loughlin (MacMahon), the priest, brought a warrant from Coll
MacBrian, and others of the rebellious council at the siege of
Drogheda, for putting to death the Protestants aforesaid, and
employed and busied himself in the procuring thereof, and after-
wards showed the said warrant to this deponent and others.

And further saith, that the said rebel Patrick MacLaughlin

DISPOSITIONS. J 65

MacMahon, ami others of the rebels, often said in her hcanngthat
if they might have their own laws, and all Lord Deputyg and
other great general officers, judges, and magistrates to be all of the
Irish (race), then they Avould not forsake the King of England, but
if they might not they would make a king amongst them of their
own ; further saying that now they had begun they would either
root out all the English, or the English should root out them, for
they knew if the English prevailed they (the Irish) should never
be trusted, and therefore they would go on in their actions, or
words to that effect. And saitli also, that the said rebel, Owen
O'Murphy, escaped the gallows by the means of the said Mr.
Williams, and yet he was the man that caused the said Mr.

Williams to be hanged."

" The mark + of Elizabeth Clabke,"
" Jiirat. 11 th Jan. 1642,

WiD. Aldkich.

Hbn. Breketon."

As I have already pointed out, the question with which I am
here concerned is not the guilt or innocence of Henry O'Neil, but
the veracity of Mr. Chappell and Mr. Littlefield in 1G42. Did they
swear in that year that they were robbed by Henry O'Neil as this
1003 copy of a decree alleged to have been made in 1055 tells us
they did? Their original depositions made in 1042 before us
prove that they did not. The falsehood of at least one portion
of this copy being thus proved, are we justified in accepting as
truthful the other portion of the same copy professing to give us
an abstract of what the same witnesses are said to have sworn in
1655 ? Clearly not, the strength of the chain is its weakest link.
Unless we find from other contemporary records good proof that
the statements of the 1003 copy respecting the depositions (now
apparently lost or destroyed) of 1055 are truthful, we are justified
in believing they are as untruthful as the statements of the same
copy respecting the depositions of 1042 (still in existence) are known
to be. Until such contemporary records of 1055 are before us,
whatever be the guilt or innocence of Henry O'Neil, the charges made
against the voracity of Mr. Chappell and Mr. Littlefield fall to the
ground.

After a careful search through the fifty-five volumes of Com-
monwealth Eecotds now in the Public Record Office, I could only
discover the following brief order concerning Henry O'Neill of

166 THE IRISH MASS AGUES OF 1011,

Glasdrorain, directing that tlie ' allegations ' lie had made in his
petition to he dispensed from transplantation to Connaught should
he considered, and that his prayer should be granted if he were
found to he superannuated, that is, too feeble in health, and too old
to move with safety to his life. Many old, sickly persons who had
been proved ' nocent ' were nevertheless dispensed from transplanta-
tion on the ground of sickness or old age. The dispensation was
sometimes for a given time, sometimes for a prolongation of a tempo-
rary reprieve, sometimes excusing the person from moving at all.

•' Commojuvcalth Books, j- P. li. 0.

"■ Ordered that the above petition of Henry O'Neil of Glas-
dromin, in the barony of the Fews, in the county of Armagh, set-
ting forth his saving many English at the beginning of the rebellion
to the hazard of his life ; being therefore wounded and driven from
his habitation by the rebels, his continued good affection, his for-
mer dispensation from transplantation, be referred to the Commis-
sioners for the adjudication of claims and qualifications of Irish
proprietors, to consider of the allegations therein ; and if they find
him superannuated, then to certify the same, that his person may
be dispensed from transplantation, but his estate to be disposed of
according to rule, as by his qualifications shall be distinguished by
said Commissioners, according to their instructions. Dublin, 5th
February, 1654. Thomas Herbeet, Clerk of Council.'"

All the scanty evidence we have about Henry O'Neil of the Fews
or Glasdromin proves that he was at best a weak, wavering man,
not an active rebel or persecutor of the English like his sons,
brother, and nephews, hut on the contrary willing, if not earnestly
desirous, to save the lives of some of his Protestant neighbours, pro-
vided'that he could do so without much trouble or danger to him-
self. One of the deponents in 1012 sworo that Henry O'Neil
had promised the mother of Brownlow or Bromley Taylor to inter-
cede with Sir Phelim for her son's life, but that he failed to do so
through timidity or dilatoriness, and that she bitterly reproached
him on that account. Michael Harrison's evidence tends to confirm
this. The times in which Henry O'Neil lived were unfavourable to
lukewarm politicians or timid mediocrities. It is one thing to pity
him as we may, nay, must do, but quite another to make his weak-
ness and wavering timidity a ground for calumniating persons who

DiorosrnoNs. 107

honestly swore to what they know or heard of his conduct in UMl.
Had he been allowed to retain his estate he could only, at his
advanced age, have enjoyed it for a few years, his brother, nephews,
and sons being all indisputably active in the rebellion, mercilessly
plunderhig the Protestants, * nocent,' as the phrase went, in the
fullest sense of the word. Nalson gives the following deposition
concerning Henry O'Neil's nephews.

" The examination of Richard Grave, of Drumboate, in the

county of Monaghan, taken 25th October, IGll, who saith, that

on Friday last, the 22nd of this month, a little before night, a son

of Art Oge O'Neil's of the Fews, whose name he knoweth not,

accompanied by about a hundred of the said Art Oge's tenants,

armed with swords, pitchforks, and muskets, came to Drumboate

to the house of William Grave, brother to the said Richard, and

luiving broken down the doors and windows of the said house,

they rifled it and robbed him of all the money they could find

there, and of smidry goods that they were able to carry away, and

when they had so done they came to the house of William Grave

the elder, father to this examt., and robbed him of all his money,

clothes, and sundry other goods. He saith that also, the same

night, they broke into the house of Sir Henry Spotswood in the

same town, and took from it all the money, plate, &c., they could

find there. He saith also, that about twelve o'clock the next

day the same persons came again to the said town, accompanied

by two or three hundred more, and robbed and spoiled it of all

the goods and chattels they found there, and presently after they

set fire to all the houses and burnt them to the ground. That

the goods which his father, himself, and his brother did lose

thereby wore worth 500/., and that he verily believes that the

goods which Sir Henry Spotswood lost were worth 1,000/. at

least. And saith further, that on Friday aforesaid, while the

said Art Oge's son was in this examt. 's father's house, he heard

him, the said Art Oge's son, and one Patrick MacCadron of

Dromboate, say that it was but the beginning, but that they,

before they had done, would not leave one alive, rich or poor,

who went to church, and saith also that the said Art Oge's

son and Patrick MacCadron said there that by the next night

Dublin would be too hot for any of the English dogs to live

in."

"Richard Grave."

" James Ware."

EBCOEDS

OF THE

HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE

1652—1654.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE.

The documents from which the followmg extracts have been made
are bound up in a small, square octavo volume, forming part of the
valuable collection of MSS. bequeathed to Trinity College, Dublin,
by Doctor Stearne, Bishop of Clogher, from 1717 to 1745. Con-
sidering the groat interest and importance of those notes, made by
one of the judges of the High Court of Justice of 1G52-4, as the
prisoners were on their trial before him, it is truly strange that they
should have lain for more than two hundred years quite unnoticed
by historians, so that no portion of them, except the speech at
O'Neil's trial, which I chanced to discover in 1882, ' and which was
immediately printed by the Rev. Mr. Meehan, has ever been even
quoted until now.

In the official report for the Historical MSS. Commission on
the MSS. in Trinity College, those records are merely catalogued
with many others, although one would have thought that a few
extracts from them would have been rather more useful to the
student than the many with which the report is filled from the pub-
lished works of Michael Carey (which Rcid says he notices only for
its ' flagrant demerits ') and other well-known writers. I greatly
regret that the work of copying the depositions and the limits of the
space at my disposal hero do not allow mo to give the whole of the
records of the liigli Court of Justice in 1052-4. The trials of Mac-
Carthy Reagh, of Colonels Fcnnell and Luke Toole of Castle Kevin,
who was seventy-four years of age when he was brought before the
court, charged witli being accessory to the murder of two poor cottiers
in "Wicklow, are full of interest.

The long trial of the Reverend Edmund O'Reilly, the Roman

Catholic Vicar-Gcncral of Dublin diocese, shows the impartiality

with which the prisoners were treated, and the latitude allowed

them in the preparation of their defence, The popular notion that

' V. Introduction, vol. i. p. 160.

172 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGU.

neither justice nor mercy was shown to priests in the Cromwelhan
courts is scattered to the winds by the proceedings on this trial.
It is noteworthy that the majority of the witnesses against the
Vicar- General were persons of his own race and creed. Mr.
and Mrs. Wolverston, members of an old Anglo-Irish Eoman
Catholic family of good position in Dublin and Wicklow, whose
daughter was a nun, gave evidence against him. He charged two
of the Irish witnesses of the 0 'Byrne clan with having sworn falsely
against him because he had formerly punished them for immorality,
but their evidence was in itself trifling, and it is impossible to be-
lieve that all the rest of the witnesses were immoral and perjured.
The prisoner did not indeed venture to say that they were so. At
the same time it is only fair to point out that much of their evidence
was mere hearsay, and that a witness of English name, probably a
Protestant, swore that O'Reilly had saved the lives of several
Protestants. For these very sufficient reasons, although a verdict
of guilty was found in his case, his life was spared. He himself
gave a remarkable piece of evidence as to the impunity that mur-
derers enjoyed under Lieutenant-General O'Byrne.

Carte, and other Royalist historians, assert that the real cause of
the mercy shown to Vicar-General O'Reilly was that he had secretly
betrayed the Irish and English troops of Ormond and Purcell at
Baggotrath in 1649 to Michael Jones, the Parliamentary general, by
inducing an Irishman to offer himself as a guide to the Irish
Royalist troops, and to mislead them in a midnight march. Father
Walsh, the Franciscan friar, who certainly had peculiar oppor-
tunities for detecting such an act of treachery, assured Carte and
Ormond that O'Reilly had been guilty of it. The charge may have
been true, for it is certain that about that time the Jesuits and a
section of the Roman Catholic clergy were endeavouring to come
to secret terms with Cromwell and the Independents, finding that
Ormond could not be won over to change his religion. {ii. vol. i.
p. 380.) O'Reilly was appointed Archbishop of Armagh by the
Pope in 1G5G and died in 1GG9.

I would direct the reader's special attention to that passage in
the judge's speech at Sir Phelim O'Neil's trial which relates to the
Royal Commission. There are two reports of this speech amongst
the Stcarne MSS. One of them, as I have already said, has been
printed by Mr. Meehan in his history, and for this reason, as well
as because it is much less full than the one given hereafter, and
contains only a bare allusion to the Royal Commission, I do not

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 173

think it worth reprinting. The fuller report of the speech, which I
do give, distinctly charges O'Neil with havhig altered the commis-
sion. This throws quite a new light on the historical puzzle,
showing that the popular notion, grounded on Dean Kerr's declara-
tion, that the judges in the High Court pressed O'Neil hy threats
and bribes to throw the whole burden of his guilt on Charles, is
wholly erroneous. The passage hereafter reported shows that while
the judges believed that the king had given O'Neil a certain com-
mission to raise the Irish against the Parliament, that they equally
believed that he, the prisoner, liad altered the commission to justify
crimes and outrages, for which the king had given him no hcense.
And this is probably the true solution of the puzzle. It is con-
sistent, too, with the revelations in Lord Antrim's ' Information,' and
Lord Maguire's confession, which, as Eeid observes, do not tell the
whole truth, but a portion of it {v. Eeid, vol. i. p. 289, note). I
have also omitted the two reports of the trials of Sir Phelim for the
murder of Bromley ' or Brownlow Taylor, and ]\Ir. Blaney, because
the evidence in these is merely a summary of that already given at
length in the depositions of Michael Harrison, Anthony Atkinson, and
others. Harrison was the principal witness against Sir Phelim on the
general charge of rebellion, and on the particular charges of murder.
A curious ' hitch ' occurred when preparations were behig made
for the trials, owing to the fact that under an old law in the Irish
statute books the murder of an Englishman in Ireland by an Irish-
man was made high treason, and a correspondence took place on the
subject between the judges and the English Council. Ultimately
the rebel leaders appear to have been all tried, first for the crime of
rebellion, and then for being principals or accessories in the murder
of one or more persons.

A deposition which I copied, but in some Avay mislaid, mentions
tliat the murderer of Mrs. J\laxwell said, in the deponent's hearing,
that he had drowned her because Sir Phelim told him she was a
witch, and the murderer added that he had never any luclc since,
which he ascribed to the vengeance of the devil and her sister
witches still living. The almost universal belief in witchcraft in
both islands in the 17th century makes this very probable. The
exaggerations of the numbers murdered in the rebellion, and the
language of the judge to O'Neill seem to us of course cruel if not
unjust, but they were as much the result of the spirit of that age as
were the accusations of witchcraft and the stories of omens and

» Tho iiiuue is spelt iiKliiR'niUly Eroniley or Ero-.vnlow in the depositions.

174 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IC.Jl.

apparitions. The blood which had deluged the country for ton long
years, since O'Neill had begun the rebellion, had excited men's
minds to the highest pitch. But, however that excitement and
panic influenced the imaginations of orators and writers who had
lived through those terrible years, it is clear that the judgments
of the court were unbiassed, and that priests as well as laymen had
fair trials. Lord IMuskerry's speech after sentence shows that this
was the case. A letter, printed by Mr. Gilbert, from Colonel Jones
to Major Scott, dated 1st March, 1G53, gives the following account
of O'Neill's bearing in court and of Lord Muskorry's return to
L'oland.

" Sir Phelim O'Neill was taken and yesterday tried at our High
Court of Justice at Dublin, and condemned of high treason, and
within a few hours a period will be given to his high titles as
being created Earl of Tyrone by the Ultaghes, according to their
rude solemnities, Prince of Ulster by the Pope's commission or
bull. General of all the Leinster and Ulster forces by commission of
the Lords of the Pale, and the prime and chief actor in the horrid
massacre and rebellion by commission from the late Charles
Stuart, as himself hath often confessed and published in his
manifesto, all of which was made good by evidence at his trial.
This course of inquisition after blood and doing exemplary justice
is terrible to this nation, insomuch that the murderers' hearts
faint, and their joints tremble, even to admiration, when they
come to the bar. This cruel monster of men, when he first came
to the bar, was scarce able to stand for trembling or to speak for
tears. . . . The Lord Muskerry is lately landed at Cork, and
says he will cast himself upon the Parliament's mercy, pretend-
ing that the clergy in Spain had determined to murder him, and
that Portugal would not entertain him, of all of which I believe
but my share. He is sent for to Dublin in saloa custodia."

Jones's letter must be taken cum gram sails. His sentiments
about Muskerry were not shared by Cromwell or the judges.
The writer of the ' Aphorismical Discovery,' who shared to the
full and revealed the real sentiments of the nuncio and his
clerical following in Spain and Ireland, leaves us no room for
doubting that Lord Muskerry was regarded with the most deep-
rooted hatred by them, and that he could find neither rest nor peace
amongst them, although he had forfeited vast estates and risked his
life a thousand times for Ireland, and for the Roman Catholic

IIECORDS OF TIIIC HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 175

Church. But, staunch and devout llonian Catholic as ho was, he
refused to sanction the extermination of his Protestant countrymen
at the bidding of his priests, or to become the mere tool of their
msatiate greed, and therefore his ancient royal Irish blood, his
valour, his devotion were as nothing in their eyes.

Nalson has printed several depositions from the Carte MSS. of
Protestants whose lives had been saved by Lord Muskerry. He
was pronounced not guilty in consideration of the articles under
which he had surrendered Ross Castle to the army of the Parlia-
ment in 1G52, commanded by Ludlow and Waller, who besieged it
for some weeks straitly by land and ships on the lake. It was the
only place of strength then left to the Irish in Muuster, and its fall
was inevitable, but a whole fortnight was spent in debating on the
articles of surrender. The followuig explanation was appended to
these articles, which exempted from pardon all who had a share in
the massacres :

" We esteem such persons only guilty of murder who, during
the first year of the war, have contrived, aided, or assisted, acted
or abetted, any murder or massacre upon any person or persons
of the English, not in arms, but following their own occupations
in their farms and freeholds. By aiding, assisting, or abetting,
we understand such as have by acts of their will, either pre-
cedently advised, or commanded, such murders or massacres, or
subsetjuently approved thereof, in sheltering such murderers and
keeping them from justice.

" Since the first year of the war, we esteem those only guilty
of murder who have killed any of our party after quarter given ;
provided always, the person or persons who did so kill did know
before, or at the said killhig, the said person or persons had tho
quarter ; provided likewise, the person or persons so killed did not
by act of hostility against the Irish, or otlierwise, legally forfeit
his said quarter before the said killing.

" We further esteem such to be guilty of murder who Icilled, or
commanded to be killed, and whuso killed, any of our protected,
Avho were protected by the Commander-in-Chief of the Irish party
or by anyone authorised to give protection in the behalf of the
Irish party, if the party so killing knew of the protection at the
time of killing. Provided the party so killed did not legally
forfeit his said protection at the time he was so killed.

" We further esteem that if any person formerly under our

17G THE IRTSII MASSACRES OF 1G41.

protection, who shall during that time have killed, or cause to be
killed, any person under our protection, and afterwards shall run
to the enemy, this with any case of the like kind shall be adjudged
murder. And that any countryman not in arms, nor under our
protection, who has by any sleight or promise of safety drawn, or
caused to be drawn, in any person under our protection, to tlie
taking away of his life, this with any case of the like kind shall
be deemed murder.

" As to religion, we do declare that it is not our intention, nor
as we conceive the intention of those we serve, to force any to
their worship and service contrary to their consciences.
" Hugh Rogers. Andrew Elliott.

Frederick Mullens. John Ustead (Welsted ?)
Francis Goold. Hardress Waller.

AuLY Leyne. William Allen.

John Nelson."

In the copy of the articles of Ross, which Archdeacon Rowan has
given in his ' Lake Lore,' the name of Frederick Mullens does not
appear ; the signatures are Hugh Rogers, Andrew Elliott, Fj-ancis
Goold, Andrew Leyne, John Meade, Edmund FitzMaurice, Gerald
PitzMaurice, Robert Coppinger, and Callaghan O'Callaghan.
Frederick Mullens, an oflficer in the army of the Parliament, was
ancestor of the present Lord Ventry. The Archdeacon adds in a
footnote that Lord Muskerry and those under his command, liad
good need that the definition of ' murder should be clear and well
limited,' and that ' in the University Archives {ATSS., F. iv. IG)
there is a shorthand abstract of the trial of Lord Muskerry and
acquittal for the murder of Mrs. Hussey at Macroom ' (' Lake Lore,'
Appendix, p. 182). The abstracts mentioned by Archdeacon Rowan
are the records, given hereafter, but he was mistaken in supposing
that they are in shorthand ; they are all in a very crabbed, bad, but
ordinary handwriting, passages here and there are extremely difhcult
to read, some words quite indecipherable, but again whole pages can
be read without much difficulty by any one who lias long experience
in such researches and jiatience over tbem. At first sight the writing
does resemble shorthand, and it is in a certain sense mental short-
hand, if I may use the expression, for the writer constantly omitted
articles, conjunctions, and prepositions not essentially necessary to
the understanding of the meaning of the sentence. I have supplied
those words here and there, putting them in parentheses, so tliat

RECORDS OF HIE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, 177

tlio reader may read the notes as they stand in the original only,
or with the supplementary words as he pleases.

Another highly important passage to which I would direct his
special attention is that at page 199 of the report of Loi'd Muskerry's
trial, where the depositions taken hy Archdeacon Bysse at Waterford
and Cork are referred to. From this passage we find that for the
'justifying ' of those depositions Avhen they were produced in court, to
be used in evidence against the prisoner, that Mr. Waring, the official
who had charge of them under the Council of State, ' testified upon
oath ' that he had ' abbreviated ' them, by order of the said Council,
' as to losses but not as to murders.' I had not read those notes of
the proceedings in the High Court when I came to the conclusion,
mentioned in vol. i. p. 129, that those crossing-out lines in the de-
positions taken by Archdeacon Bysse in Waterford and Cork were
marks of abbreviation, not cancellings, but if any doubt had remained
on my mind that they were so, Mr. Waring's sworn statement would
have at once dispelled it.

The order at page 23G, confiscating the Cromwellian soldier's
debenture for the benefit of the widow and orphans of Turlogh
O'Byrne, the poor Irish carpenter he had murdered, and the letter
of Cromwell at page 238, on behalf of Mr. Barry, are good proofs
of the generous and merciful nature of the Protector, so ill under-
stood to this day by many of his countrymen who profess to admire
' his historical greatness.'

Those English commentators on Irish history who know less of
it than of the history of any other country in the civilised world,
write of the crimes of Cromwell at Drogheda and Wexford, and tell
us that his ' groat figure cannot charm or attract though it may
overawe,' and that ' sentiment and romance ' ' are all in favour of
his opponents in Ireland. This may be true of that trumpery
modern sentiment the late Lord Lytton describes in his ' New
Timon ' : —

' Men ill wliom eeutimeut the bloodless shade
Of uoble passion alternates with trade.'

But Cromwell's justice and mercy are alike incomprehensible to
men of this stamp. A hundred poor Irishmen, like the carpenter
Turloo-h O'Byrne, might have perished before that hero of modern
sentiment and romance, Harry Jermyn, and his associates, would

' V. an article on ' The Ethics of Biograplxy ' in the Contcmporari/ Review
for July 1883.

VOL. II. N

178 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

have wasted a thought on those waifs and strays of the ' common
sort,' as the Cavaher phrase went in both islands. The Keverend
John Dod, whose evidence before the Enghsli Parhament has been,
as I have ah-eady said, in part printed by Mr. Gilbert, stated that
he saw among the Irish officers and soldiers, high in favour with
Charles and the Cavaliers at Oxford in 1G43, many Irish rebels,
especially one " Thomas Brady, who had been a chief actor in the
massacre at Belturbet," when old men, helpless mothers, and little
children, shrieking on their knees in vain for mercy, were driven in a
flock to the river's side and there drowned {v. ante, vol. i. p. 303).
The carnage at Drogheda, when the town, garrisoned by the English
Cavaliers, who expelled impartially many Irish Protestants and Irish
friars (lest they should betray it to Cromwell or O'Neil), was taken
by storm, was at once a retribution for Portadown, Belturbet, and
Shrule, and a preventive against the repetition of such horrors in
future. Cromwell's judgment was that of the prophets of old, ' tJie
leaders of this peoide cause them to err,' and who can doubt it was a
right one that knows the real facts of Irish history? The Eoman
Catholic Lord Castlehaven, while endeavouring to clear the Irisli
royalist leaders of encouraging the barbarous cruelties committed
by their followers, is honest enough to add, ' Still I think them
(the leaders) inexcusable, because I see no great difference whether
a man kills another himself, or unchains a fierce mastiff that will
tear him in pieces.' But the noble historian should have remem-
bered that the English Cavaliers were as responsible as the Irish
leaders. Cruel as Phelim O'Neil and his followers were, they had
at least certain great provocations to urge in their defence, which
I have been careful to record, moreover the masses of the Irish
were grossly ignorant and superstitious, and the English Cavaliers
who garrisoned Drogheda, while they were willing to use those
masses for their own purposes, hated and despised them. So long
as that garrison maintained itself and its party in Ireland, so long
must the island have been stained with crimes like those at Bel-
turbet and Portadown.

Those ill-informed English commentators on Irish history above
mentioned are fond of quoting from the pages of Anthony k Wood
a story which he alleges he heard from his brother, who served
under Cromwell at Drogheda. Wood, according to this story, just
after the town was taken in the hottest moment of the storm, met
a beautiful young lady, richly dressed and covered with jewellery,
who entreated him to save her life, which he was about to do, when

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 179

a Oromwelliaii soldier dragged her away, killed lier and flung lier
corpse over the city wall. The incident was a sad and horrible
one, only too likely to have taken place then, or even at a later
date, wherever an infuriated soldiery took by storm a besieged
town. But when English modern sentiment and romance under-
take to deliver judgment on Irish history, they ought to remember
that long before this richly dressed lady was killed at the siege
of Drogheda by an infuriated soldier, hundreds of helpless old
men, women, and little children (poorly dressed it may be), were
flung into the rivers at Portadown and Belturbet, not in the fury of
battle or siege, but as they submissively fled before their Irish
captors who had promised to guard and protect them to the place
where they were to embark for England. The relatives of those
humble victims, the brother or cousin of John Gregg {v. Depo-
sition CLXXIX.), who saw his son cut in pieces, and had those
pieces flung in his face in the church of Loughgall before he too was
murdered, those who saw the Kev. Mr. Oliphant murdered in
presence of his wife, and his corpse tied to a horse's tail and dragged
about the roads [v. Dep. CIII.) were probably some of them assisting
Cromwell at Drogheda, and they were not likely any more than John
Erwyn, mentioned in Grany ny Mullan's deposition {v. ante, vol. i.
p. 152), to measure out much mercy to the Cavaliers and their
allies at Drogheda and Wexford.

A review of Lord Lawrence's Life, by Mr. R. B. Smith, lately
appeared in a first-class English magazine. The reviewer, Mr.
Eastwick, excuses the severities inflicted on the Indian mutineers
of 1857, and blames Lord Lawrence's biographer for not remem-
bering the atrocities which provoked those severities. One epitaph
in the memorial church at Delhi, Mr. Eastwick says, records the
' death of thirty-one persons all of the same family, from the
aged folk down to children of a few years old, ending with the
murder of the baby in arms. Mr. Smith,' adds Mr. Eastwick,
' seems altogether unable to realise the feelings of Englishmen at
this period.' Yet Mr. Eastwick in this very same review censures
Cromwell, and revives against him the stale old worthless accusa-
tions of self-seeking and duplicity. If it were a horrible crime,
deserving severest punishment, for the Hindoos and the Mahometan
people of India to murder in one day thirty-one persons of one
household, what shall be said of a professedly devout Christian
tribe who murdered in one hour a hundred helpless unarmed

N 2

180 THE miSH MASSACRES OF lOil.

men, women, and little children, believers in Jesus Christ, and
many of them of the mixed English and Irish race, as were not a
few of the murderers ?

Let English modern commentators on Irish history judge of our
forefatliers as they may, the wise and true-hearted Irishman of
1883, knowing how Ireland was made the victim of English parties
and the Stuart king's greed and despotism, will, like Irishmen of
the same type in 1G49, acknowledge that the advent of Cromwell
was, as I have already said, a blessing in disguise, since it put an
end to the scenes I have described in the Introduction to the Depo-
sitions (vol. i. p. 15G).

Had our forefathers bearing English or Irish names, whatever
their creed, been united, and by their union had they been able to
fight for and maintain the freedom of the whole country, and to
establish prosperity and peace within its borders, against all in-
truders, royalist or republican, I could wish that advent had never
taken place which caused no doubt temporary suffering to so many
of them. But as matters went in 1641-9, I cannot, notwithstand-
ing my sincere and deep natural sympathy witli my forefathers'
sufferings, regret the inexorably stern decrees of this true High
Court of Justice, or admit that Oliver Cromwell was Ireland's worst
enemy.

RECORDS OF THE lUGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 181

rARTICULAR CHARGES AGAINST SIR PHELIM G'NEIL.
February, 1652.

I.

For the murder of Lord Caulfield.

1. Major Patrick Dory, present (in Court swears) that Sir
Plielim in October, 1642, seized the Lord Caulfield and kept {ille-
gible). That the Lord Caulfield desiring the examt. to be left with
him as speaking the (Irish) language, being that day to be sent
away, Sir Phelim told him that he (Lord Caulfield) should have
better company before night. That Neil MacKenna asked Edmund
Boy Hugh (as the prisoner and his escort were entering Kinard
gate) ' Where is your heart now ? ' who thereupon shot liim, Lord
Caulfield. That tlio Lord Caulfield was committed to Neil Mac-
Kenna and Neil Modder O'Ncil. That as the Lord Caulfield was
passing through the gate at Kinard the word was given to the left
hand file to make ready, at which the Lord Caulfield was startled a
little, but Neil Modder told him there was no danger, then Neil
MacKenna said to Edmund Buoy Hugh as before (' ivhere is your
heart now ?').

2. Alexander Crichton, (deposed) that Edmund Buoy O'Hugh,
foster-brother to Sir Phelim, shot Lord Caulfield.

3. John Perkins, (deposed) that Lord Caulfield (was) com-
mitted to Neil MacKenna and Neil Modder O'Neil ; that he was shot
by Edmund Buoy O'Hugh, foster-brother to Sir Phelim.

4. Mr. JosEni Travers, present (in Court swears) that about
the end of December, 1641, the examt. speakhig with Sir Phelim
O'Neil, he said to examt. ' they (the English) have Maguire prisoner
with them, hut if they touch the least hair of his head Caulfield shall
die for him.'

182 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

6. Mr. John Kerdiffe, present (in Court swears) that at the
funeral of the said Lord Caulfield Sir Phelim came to Charlemont,
and ahghting (from his horse) in the examt.'s hearing asked, ' Is
the Lord Caulfield dead ? I tvould he had died seven years ago, for
I am a thousand pounds the ivorse for him.'

The Prisoner's Defence.

That the Lord Caulfield was to he sent away to Cloughoughter
by order of the Provincial Council. Dcnioth not hut that he
might say and do as to the Lord Maguire what concerns Lord
Caulfield.

II.

For the murder of John Maxu'ell and his wife.

1. Dr. Maxwell, deposed, that by Sir Phelim's express orders
James Maxwell was murdered in heiglit of a fever, and raving so
(Sir Phelim) paying him (a debt) of 2G0Z. His wife murdered while
in labour.

2. John Parry, deposed, John Maxwell and his wife were
drowned by (order in a) letter from Sir Phelim, that letter {illegible'^
convoying.

8. Michael Harrison, present (in Court swears) that he heard
that James Maxwell having lent Sir Phelim about 200^. sent a
letter concerning him, after which (letter was received) Maxwell
%vas murdered.

4. Nicholas Simpson, present (in Court swears) to the murder
taking place, but not to Sir Phelim (ordering or being engaged)
in it.

5. John Perkins deposed those two were murdered by special
directions from Sir Phelim and his brother Tirlogh.

The Prisoner's Defence.

That he desired his witnesses' papers, but that they were not
allowed him. Denies that any of his convoys ever sold their trust
for convoy of English, but that {illegible) only to IMoneymore, and
there delivered them over to another convoy. Tliat many English

KECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 183

so convoyed (by liis orders) came safe, amongst them some now
appearing in Court. That at the Newry the Enghsh and Scotch
army put all to the sword, and not till then was any such thing
done by his party. Denieth owing Maxwell any money, but he
(Maxwell) gave him some money for kindness he owed him (prisoner).
Denieth that he (prisoner) had a half sister unmarried before the
wars, this to charge as to Cowell. Denieth his giving a warrant
for hanging Maxwell, but that he (prisoner) did hang some for
murders. Saith that one of the O'Hughs, a principal actor in this
murder, is now in Coleraine, Art Hugh or Brian Oge O'Hugh.

The Lord Peesident's Speech at the Sentence of
Sir Phelim O'Neil.

March btli, the day of Sentence.

Sir Phelim O'Neil, Mr. Attorney, hath exhibited a charge of
High Treason in this Court, not one charge but several charges, ac-
cumulated treasons, rebellion, and the effusion of a sea of innocent
blood (against you).

The first charge is for the Eebellion itself devised by you and
acting in it. The others are particular (charges) for (murder of)
James ]\Iaxwell, etc.

1. For the general charge it is testified that about five or six
years before the rebellion the plot was in your heart, that to avoid
suspicion you counterfeited yourself as a fool in all great men's
company, that none might think you had in you such a contri-
vance, but when the tragedy began to open, then the world would
know you were not a fool. But now see in the conclusion who is
the fool I You fool this night [illegible) shall take away thy soul
was said to one fool Avho heaped up treasures ; you (Sir Phelim)
heaped up treasures by pillage of Protestants, but now, oh ! fool
this night, etc. (shall thy soul be required of thee). But habemus
confulentio rem (sic) he in his own examination clears [i.e. shows)
his being guilty of raising this rebellion (saying) that he and the
Lord Maguire and others met in Dublin and consulted on this plot.
That for carrying on of the plot that there was an oath of secresy,
that at their meetings (there was) a dividing of tlie shares of the
work, and who was to take Dublin, Londonderry, Charlemont, etc.,
the last (was) your part as you acknowledge, and by the evidence (it)

184 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

appears with how much treachery that your part was acted. Next,
you appear at Drogheda, at the invitation of the Lords of the Pale ;
there you were invested with power from them and made commander-
in-chief at that siege, see your confession. But what ! O'Neil to he
chosen hy those of Enghsh blood ! Can they forget their blood ?
But why this ? You laid not your plot like a fool (in this), for you
said if they would not come (to join you) you would produce their
writings under their own hands against them, thus you are chief in
command. Then you came to Monaghan and met the ancient
vassals of O'Neil, O'Reillys, MacMahons, etc. (They) clioso you
thoir chief in Ulster, this is another title, and all this is hy your
own confession. (You have) another title from the Supreme Council
of Kilkenny, by whose order you are made President of Ulster, this
also in your own confession. Further, by other testimony titles
come yet on you, and at Tullaghogo you are made Earl of Tyrone.
Now you are above your former style, you are his Excellency, not
Sir Phelim, you have all at your will and command, and may grant
commissions that all may be done according to your royal intents,
you grant charters, power of life and death, commissions of oyer
and teryniner. Now state is upon you truly, and your Excellency's
meat is served up with drum and trumpet. Are you yet at the
highest ? no, to all this is wanting the Pope's Bull, without him
the work is imperfect. Now Father Paul O'Neil that went thirteen
times in a half year between you and Brussels (comes in) and by a
Bull from the Pope you are made Prince of Ulster, now are healths
drunk on the knee to Sir Phelim O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone, Lieutenant
General of the Catholic army, and King of Ireland. Are we yet at
the end ? No, yet is there one more title wanting (to you) Phelimy
Totane, the last and most affecting, as sung by your Bards, none of
them singing of any of your titles, but (this of) FheJlmy Totane.

But (let us) add to all these the degrees and merits of your (other)
actions.

»1. Your first action of treachery and blood was that of your sur-
prising Charlemont, and using those there (as you did) then and
after.

2. At Dungannon, Captain John Perkins, your ancient acquaint-
ance, is surprised, and (the warder) of the castle by Patrick
O'Modder, under colour of (seeking a warrant) for (recovery of stolen)
sheep ; see your treachery throughout, while he (the warder) is
labouring to do justice he is set upon with skeans at his breasts.
Did not Hugh MacPhelim Byrne do the same against Pont on the

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 185

lull of {illegible) under pretence of expecting justice from liim a
prisoner ? The like was done at Mr. Arthur Champion's, in the
same way he was seized and murdered with his family. But that
this may not (appear to he done) hy Sir Phelimy O'Neil, he cometh
in (to Captain Perkins) at midnight {illegible) after Charlemont with
a boast, ' ^ Ho ! so you old Fox have I caught yon all secure ? like
the Lord Caulfield, all is our oivn, all Ireland {is ours) this night ! '
' I fear,' says Perkins, truly speaking, ' Sir Phclim, we shall have a
second O'Dogherty in you for seizing and burning Derry, and kill-
ing the governor ' (great is your) anger, and there you leave him,

3. You go on (your way unchecked) and on Captain Perkins*
horses you post the same night to Mountjoy, and after the same
night you come to Dungannon again, and there you and your fol-
lowers kill and pillage sixty families in and about Dungannon, con-
trary to your covenants, and now Phelimy Totanc begins (indeed)

to appear.

4. You burn {illegible) and all the Londoner's plantations in one
morning, 1,200, 900, 1,000, 300, and many more in the counties of
Antrim and Down, and murdered {illegible) now (you are) Phelimy

Totanc.

6. Five thousand in three days when the Scots began to march.
G. The murder of the British is so acceptable to you that Art

Oge O'Neil, to please you, and to gain your good opinion (says that),
he had but one Scotclnnau on his land, and that he killed him.
Why (did he so kill this man) ? To please (you) Sir Phelim O'Neil.
To please you is to murder. That murdering sept of the O'llughs
and the MacModders were yours and your brother's (own) fosterers
and followers.

7. Many Protestants are buried alive, otherwise they would not
bury them at all, the Enghsh now are {illegible) denied (when dead)
a grave.

8. You yourself confessed, as is testified, that you killed G80 at
Scarvagh, and (that you) left neither man, woman, nor child in the
barony^'of {illegible), and left none in all the plantations about you.

9. Those actions put the EngHsh on their defence in the church
of Armagh, Sir Phelim comes and treats (with them) and with the
fox's skin, since the lion's will not do, ho offers good quarter for life,
goods, estates, and to (let them) live in their own houses. They are

« This is a quotation from Captain John Perkins' examination, which is in the
volumes in the College, bub as it contiins little more than Harrison's I have not
copied it.

186 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGJl,

glad of tins, they accept, for Sir Plielim swears (they shall have
quarter), nay, you would sign it (you say) with your own blood, nay
you (say to them) if you need it you shall have my son Henry (for)
a pledge. They yield, now all is yours, they are oppressed, they
cry, but no remedy I

10. But that is not all, after your being beaten off that siege at
Drogheda, and afterwards from Dundalk, one of your bloodhounds,
Manus O'Cahane, is employed to carry away the Protestants.
Whither ? to Coleraine ? But how (does he do so, he) who mur-
dered on the way three hundred, and these (murdered) after all
those engagements (of yours) ?

Things to be observed in your convoys in every treachery (said
to be) safe convoys, but see the secret of it, to make them sure by
murdering (those convoyed) and this appearing the English began
to (iUegiblc) not going with those convoys, and so were preserved.

(It is to be) observed also that in any loss (to you) or on the
English army marching away, all the English about (there were)
murdered (by you) in revenge, and by way of prevention {illegible).

To keep yet fartlier at Armagh (you are) now Pholimy Totano
again, Armagh is fired (by you), and many in theirjliouses and outside
them (are) murdered and drowned, to the number of 580 in the country
thereabouts {illegible), the English drawing towards the Newry.

You will not be bound to (keep faith with) heretics by your
religion. ' Children are to be deceived by apples, and Heretics by
oaths,' so saith your clergy, to promise and break (your promise) is
your doctrine, and in that way destroy them.

On the repulse (of your followers) at the siege of Augher, all in
the way are murdered, so at Castledergo, and (your followers have
for these murders) warrants under your own hand. Being beaten
(again) at Lisnagarvey, you come away, Phelimy Totane, (and)
you let twenty-four (Protestants) be locked up in one house (to be
burnt) poor souls, whose outcries might move many (as well as)
Sir Phelimy O'Neal (who) could not but hear, and yet he was not
moved, and his wicked followers boasted of that fact, and delighted
in the cries of the poor people. This (happened) not in one place
but in many instances. Now (you are) Phelimy Totane indeed
{illegible), so as no lustre can parallel (yours).

In the parish of Loughgall, of 4,000 communicants all are lost,
murdered, or drowned.

At Portadown drowning of Protestants (goes on) by 20, 40, 60,
100, 150 at a time (illegible) to 1,000 at least estimated in all, (imtil)

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 187

God testified against it by visions affrighting tlie very murderers,
some warrants under Sir Phelim's hands {illegible) these they said
were but EngHsh devils. Owen Eoe O'Neil detests your execrable
actions and cruel villainies {illegible), your brother Hovendon
would not join with you (in them), your very {illegible), and your
secretary also. ' What is that to you ? ' say you to them all ; nay
your own mother said she had never offended the English but in
being mother to Sir Phelimy O'Neil.

And for particular revenges of yours, 1st, the murder of one
Cowell, because ho would not marry your kinswoman ; 2nd, Dr.
Hodges (is murdered) because he would not make your gunpowder.
And for particular cruelties, 1st, your burning of Armagh
(illegible), contrary to your promises, llemember Mr. Starky and
his daughters, what could an old man of a hundred years old (do to)
hurt you ? but blood is the thing (you want) it matters not where
or how. Many are not killed outright, that is too much mercy, but
they lialf kill them, and come again and look on them, and rejoice
to see them languish, they beg for death, but that mercy is denied ;
for instance a young man with his back broken is put to (He on and
eat) grass, the mercy (accorded him) is to remove him to another
pasture, to live longer in that misery.

When murdering the Protestants the word was ' your soul to the
devil,' was not the cruelty to the body enough, but will you folloAV
the soul (with it) as far as in you is ? Mr. Allen's wife outraged
before her husband's face, then they kill him and her.

But these (thhigs) are (done by) men whoso hearts are hardened
{illegible), kilHng poor English, {illegible) ille improbus ille puer
{sic) tu quoqnc mater, mothers and children are as bad as the men,
and their children like them. That the heathen should act cruelties
it is not to be wondered at so much, but here religion is the busi-
ness, and for religion see {illegible).

At Monaghan at a festival in their drunkenness (this is one of
the crying sins of Ireland) what sport have they at their feast?
An Englishman is laid before them on the board bound, and at
every health they stab him with a skean, but do not (kill him), and
they drink and he bleeds, and they drink again, and presently,
when he is all one wound, he is cast out on a dunghill.

All this on {illegible) of the great rebelHon and the proceedings
in it. Next their hatred to the English nation.

(They) destroy even the cattle because they are Enghsh, this at
{illegible).

188 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

They destroy all the English habitations. When asked, can you
not keep them for yourselves ? No ! (they answer) that would
make the English think of returning here again, and so we will
burn all to the ground {illegible). O'Neil cursed any of his posterity
who would (take to) building houses, sowing corn, or wearing
English apparel or speaking the tongue of the English nation.

This is an inherited hatred, see it in Shane O'Neil, he built a
fort which he called Fagh na Gall, or ' to the hate ' (or scorn) ' of
the English,' when he burnt Armagh. Do not you inherit that ?
So Tirlogh Lenogh is chosen after Shane as O'Neil, the Act (of
Parliament) makes it high treason to take that title, but the Parlia-
ment withal begs Tirlogh's pardon from the Queen (for having
taken it), the Queen pardons him, he as soon as he returns to
Ulster rebels again and burns all, and after him Hugh O'Neil is
set up by the English against Tirlogh {illegible).

To all this is added your turning the dead Englishmen with
their faces downward to look into hell, and women in like manner
obscenely dealt with. Hatred to the Nation (not less than to
the) Religion (of the English), the Holy Scriptures dcspitefully used,
Bible trodden under foot, etc.

Your neighbours murdered, one of them, Blyth, being about to
be murdered, held up your protection to heaven (to witness) against
you {illegible).

Now to what end was all this ? the end Avas to maintain the
king's prerogative, the Catholic cause, and to banish all heretics.
In your commissions to advance the king's prerogative, and to pro-
pagate the Catholic {illegible) is to murder by fa-o and sword. Is
this tlio way to plant (your) religion, to beat your religion into
Protestants' hearts by beating out their brains ?

But they (the Protestants) had a Protector whom you saw not.
He that is in heaven laughs you to scorn. He saw your red hand,
you now see His, He made you scourges to His enemies, now He is
casting the rod into tlie fire.

But by Avhat authority was tliis your end to be compassed ?
You knew well {illegible), but the king's commission you altered,
the copy of the commission is produced, but you deny it.

I will be brief now in the particular cliarges against you.

1st. For the Lord Caulfield, he invites you to his house, you
enter and then betray him, but you might then have used him
civilly, you had inventories of his plate and linen, which pleased
you so well that you kept it yourself. The Lady (Caulfield) and

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 189

lier cliiklren are sent out barefoot, and after fifteen weeks the Lord
Canlfiold is sent away to Kinard, and, in the midst of the guard
you appointed for him, he is murdered by O'llugh, your own
fosterer. You had not justice in your heart, Prince of Ulster I on
other (and lesser) occasions he (O'llugh) was clapt up in prison,
now he escapes, and for him an Englishman and a Scotchman are
hanged !

2ndly. Lieutenant James Maxwell and his wife (are murdered,
and) this by your command ; he was a gentleman to whom you
were indebted, and, being in a burning fever he is taken out of
his bed in a raving fit, and then murdered, he not knowing what
they were doing with him. His wife, how was she used ? She,
being in labour, is also dragged out, the child half born, and both
drowned in the Blackwater, what 1 this done by (order of) Sir
Phelim ? What I was he born of a woman who did this ?

8rdly. Richard Blaney was hanged by your special command,
and that without question or trial. This was not done by that law
of England so scorned by you, charge him, hear him, try him
legally, that is the way of our English law !

4thly. Brownlow Taylor, this is the last (particular charge) as
now remembered. He was carried before you not examined, or tried,
but by your orders hanged, no entreaty for him would prevail with
you, notwithstanding your protection and quarter at Armagh.

All this is truly (sustained) according to the ovidonco (before the
Court), and upon all and singular you are found guilty, and (we)
have given sentence. Not such as to those on either hand of you,
but as you exceeded (them) in cruelty, so is your sentence ; though
your actions were beyond all, that sentence is {illegible) by the just
and honourable {illegible) of England.

To be hanged, drawn, and quartered, etc.

At the Sentence.

You have received the just judgment of this Court for your
actions. I desire, though your bodies perish here, that you may yet
have a joyful resurrection in the day of the Lord Jesus. There is a
throne of Grace even for murderers, a blessed Saviour who died for
you, the perfection of His sufferings is sufficient for all sins whatso-
ever {illegible), and faith in His blood will wash out every guilt,
apply yourselves to Him that you may die with faith and repent-
ance, that while your bodies shall go to the grave, your souls shall
fmd grace, mercy, and comfort.

190 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

The Exami7iation of Sir Phelim O'Neil, taJce7i 2Srd February,
1652-3, before {blank).^

Who being examined, saith, that about a quarter or half a year
before the beginning of the rebelHon in Ireland, that the plot of the
said rebellion wag discovered to him by the Ijord Maguire and
Eoger Moore, and they two and Philip O'Reilly and this examt.
several times met and discoursed of the said plot. He saith, that
at other some of the said meetings, Colonel John Barry, Sir James
Dillon, Anthony Preston, and Hugh MacPhelim were present. He
saith, that there was an oath of secresy administered to such persons
as were made privy to the said plot, (and) that the said oath was
given to the examt. at his chamber in Nelson's house in Castle
Street by the Lord Maguire and the said Roger Moore. He saith,
that at their meetings it was agreed that the several forts in Ire-
land should be taken, and to that purpose the examt. was appointed
to take Charlemont, the Lord Maguire to take Enniskillen, Colonel
Barry, Anthony Preston, Roger Moore, and Colonel Plunkct to
take the Castle of Dublin, Sir James Dillon to take the fort of
Galway, Sir Morgan Kavenagh and Hugh MacPhelim to take the
fort of Duncannon. That when the forts had been taken, that then
the government (was) to be altered and new Lords Justices to be
made and addresses to be then sent to the king.

He saith, that after the rebellion, at the time of the siege of
Drogheda, the examt. with his forces in Ulster were invited to
come to the said siege by several of the Lords and Gentlemen of the
Pale, both by message in writing and otherwise. He saith, that the
letter for his invitation was subscribed by the Earl of Fingal, the
Lords of Gormanston, Slane, and Louth, and by most of the Gentle-
men of the Pale then at the siege, both by message in writing and
otherwise. Pie saith, that when he and his forces came thither, the
said Lords and Gentlemen of the Pale, at a meeting at Bewly, gave
a commission to the examt., signed by the persons aforesaid,
appointing the examt. Commander-in-Chief of all the forces then at
the said siege. He saith, that soon after the 22nd of October, 1G41,
at a meeting at Monaghan, the examt. was chosen Commander-in-
Chief of Ulster by Philip MacHugh O'Reilly, Colonels MacMahon
and Maguire, and several of the O'Neils and MacMahons, Maguires
and others, and a Commission for that purpose was given to him

' MSS. T.C.D., F. 3, 7.

RECORDS OF THE 1110x11 COURT OF JUSTICE. 191

by tliem. That afterwards, by order of the Supreme Council of
Kilkenny, the examt. was made president of Ulster.

He denieth that he was chosen Earl of Tyrone at the hill of Tul-
laghoge, or that he ever assumed that title, or subscribed any letter
or writing as Earl of Tyrone. He saith, that the said Colonel John
Barry being very intimate with the Lord of Ormond, it was con-
sidered that the said Colonel Barry was at the said meetings by the
privity and appointment of the said Lord of Ormond.

He saith, that it was resolved at some of the said meetings, that
upon the change of the government, the said Lord of Ormond and
the Lord of Gormanston were to be appointed Lords Justices of
Ireland, and that the sword should be given them.

Witnesses :

CriAiiLEs CooTE. Hen. Jones.

EoBT. Meredith. Anthony Morgan.

Hie. Sankey. Wm. Allen.

Phelim O'Neil.

192 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1C41.

HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, DUBLIN,
December 1st, 1653.

Trial of the Lord Viscount Muskerry, as accessory to the viurdcr of

I.

Mrs. Hussey,

Mrs. Crocker {sic) and her daughter,

George A. IMiller and his wife,

Ellen Caiman and her child,

Charles Vavasour and his wife and two children, and two other
persons whose names are unknown, near Blarney, in the county
Cork, on the 1st of August, 1042.

II.

William Deane and three others and a woman called Nora at
Kilfinny, co. Limerick, on July 29th, 1G42.

III.
Eoger Skinner at Inniskerry, co. Cork, {blank), August, lG-42.

Evidence.

PniLiP King present in court swears {illegible), that Captain
Reardon of Blarney slighted the relation of that murder when
fourteen persons were slain, of whom eleven were slain near Blarney,
the other three near Cork. Saith, that Gerald Barry ordered this
examt. with others to serve under said Captain Eeardon at Blarney,
that Donogh Reardon did ^end out Denis Long and others from
Blarney to convoy them (the fourteen English) to Cork, and that
Denis Long {illegible).

That the convoy sent from Macroom returned and were not at
the murder, and that some English did stay at Macroom Castle
without constraint, that these were afterwards convoyed thence as
they desired it, and that this examt. was one in those convoys.

Richard Stabbeu deposed that some English, amongst them
]\Irs. Ilussey, etc., desired to go to Macroom, and that the Lord

IlECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 193

Muskerry appointed Donogli Eeardon to convoy them to Cork.
Examt. heard not that any of the murderers were ever punished.

Geobge Smith, present in court, swears, that on Ash
Wednesday, lG41,the Lord of Muskerry first ordered {illegible) that
thereupon the Enghsh (prisoners) desired to be gone to Bandon,
which the Lord of Muskerry would not allow of, but he assented
to their going to Cork, that they were on their way thither, the
most part of them, murdered, and that the Lord of Muskerry did
to this examt. 's luiowledge {illegible) for the fact.

2nd Examination. The murder of Scott (he) being under
Muskerry's protection, and the murderers not punished, but some of
tliem dwelling on his (the Lord of Muskerry's) land. Saith, that
when those with Mrs. Hussey went towards Cork, orders were given
by the Lord of Muskerry's steward, MacSwiney, who did {illegible)
the examt. not {illegible) and advised Mrs. Baldwin in like manner
not to {illegible) that murder. Tlie'examt. heard that the clothes of
those murdered about Blarney were brought back to Macroom, and
heard that MacSwiney, said steward of the Lord of Muskerry, did
inquire of those that came back (from conveying the murdered) ' if
that were not done,' they answering it was, {illegible) examt. being
demanded by the Lord of Muskerry what was his cause of knowledge
that said MacSwiney was his (Lord Muskerry's) steward, saith that
he (MacSwiney) was commonly esteemed as such and did live in
Macroom. That the time of this murder examt. saith he remem-
bers not (certainly), but thinks it was about Easter, 1642. Saith,
that he, the examt., did stay until August after at Macroom, and that
other English did desire to stay when Mrs. Hussey went away and
did stay. Saith, he knoweth not whether those murdered with
]\lrs. Hussey were killed by the convoy from Macroom. Saith,
that the Enghsh desired to be gone, {illegible) that a gentleman
desired the Lord Muskerry to stay the examt. and Mr. Baldwin.

4. Geoiige Fife.'

5. Mahy Fife.

G. Melaghlin Buohilly, present (in court, swears) that he
was one of the convoy that went with Mrs. Hussey ; that he was a
servant to Mrs. Hussey and by her own desire (appointed) to go with
her ; that the Lord Muskerry was not going from Macroom ; that
Mrs. Hussey desired to go to Cork, her husband and son being there.

' The witnesses -whose iiiinies only are set down, appear not to have sworn t^
anything material, and consequently no notes of their evidence are given in the
original MS.

VOL. II. O

194 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

Alice Stabbeb, present (in court, swears) that the Lord
Muskerry did send MacSwiney to tliis examt.'s motlier {illegible),
that her mother desired of the Lord ]\[uskerry that she might stay
(at Macroom), but he said, as this examt. was told by Mrs. Hussey
her mother, he would not have any such wasps in his beehive ;
saith, that the English being gone away some of the convoy re-
turned and left the said English and they were afterwards murdered.
Saith, that one O'Keily was sent by the Lord of Muskerry to Barry,
the (Irish) general, by whom he was hanged for saying that one
troop of horse would rout all Muskerry's.

2nd Examination. Saith, that the Lord of ]\Iuskerry, as she
heard, denied a pass to lier mother desiring it.

3rd Examination. Saith, that an Irishman that came from
Castletownroche was hanged by the Lord of Muskerry's directions,
he being charged to be a spy, and that he (Lord Muskerry) then
ordered the hanging of a woman for a spy and that she was hanged
accordingly : that it was about Lammas that those were sent away
with Mrs. Hussey. Saith, that Eeardon, who was an Ensign at
Blarney and did command the convoy, did dismiss some of the
convoy and carried the English with him, after which they were
murdered by four musketeers that came out of Blarney Castle ;
that the Lord of Muskerry did examine {illegible) that murder as
she heard, but did not do anything against them. Saith, that
Edmund Maolmor MacSwiney was the Lord of Muskerry's steAvard.
Saith, she heard that MacSwiney did ask (the murderers) ' if that
were done ' as aforesaid. She further saith, that she heard of
threatenings given out against the English (party) and that there-
upon he (Lord Muskerry) sent them away. She had this relation
(only) by hearsay.

Captain John Eeardon, present (in court, swears) that the
next morning after the murder he went to Macroom hoping to
see the Lord Muskerry, but not finding him there he did write to
his Lordship, and also to General Barry giving the names of the
murderers ; that Donogh Eeardon told him that the Lord Muskerry
sent him with the convoy.

The Prisoner's Defence,

That being then to remove out of that country, the English
apprehended hurts and desired and prayed him to give way to their
departure desiring to go to Cork ; that (therefore) he sent to the

RECORDS OF Til 10 lllGII COUIIT OF JUSTICE. 195

constable Tiegnc MacDonogh Bearo to appoint a3 many of the
neighbours as was convenient for a convoy. That Mr. Balclwm
desired to go to Bandonbridge, that there were then {illegible) of the
Lord President's (St. Leger's) army at Cork ; that Kihiameaky with
his party was at Bandon, representing in or about 200 horse and 680
foot ; that he (Lord Muskerry) denied Mr. Baldwin and Smith (leave)
to go to Bandonbridge, for Baldwin was a clever and knowing guide,
he using writing, and the country (Irish) fearing prejudice by him,
they advised him (Lord Muskerry) not to let Baldwin go, therefore
he (Muskerry) desired Mr. Baldwin to stay till his return, for rea-
sons that he had, and that [illegible) should be safe in the interim ;
that they (Baldwin and Smith) stayed accordingly, and were after-
wards with all theirs safely conveyed away. It was the desire of all
the rest of the English to be gone, wherein the prisoner (Lord
]\Iuskerry) said that he would not advise either their stay or their
going, but that they might go if they pleased.

Witnesses for the Defence.

1. Walter Baldwin (being) asked whether those going were
ordered to go, or (whether) it was of their choice (that they went),
saith that those going to Cork, as he heard, desired to be going to
Cork ; did not hear that they desired to go to Bandon, but he, the
cxamt., desired it, and did before that hear them desire to go to Cork,
and particularly Mrs. Hussey. That none were enforced to stay,
nor (had he) heard of any (being) forced to go.

2. Edmund Stabbek. That he lived at Macroom when Mrs.
Ilussey and others came there ; that she desired him, this examt.,
to desire the Lord Muskerry that she might go to Cork with the rest
of the English going thither, that the Lord Muskerry answered he
would not either advise them to stay or to go ; that if any pleased
to go he would send to the constable for a convoy for them. Being
asked whether any of those desired to go to Bandon, saith none
desired or had occasion to go to Bandon but Mr. Baldwin, Smith,
and some others who were afterwards sent thither. That Donogh
Reardon coming to Macroom at the time of the convoy he was
desired by the Lord Muskerry to assist the constable in the convoy.
That the examt. 's brother, Bichard Stabber, told him that that
convoy went as far as (illegible) bridge, about a mile or more from
Blarney, that he, the said Richard, went a little further [illegible),
and afterwards returned, after which those English were murdered
by the soldiers of Blarney, not by any of the convoy. That the

o 2

196 THE IKISFI MASSACRES OF 1041.

convoy was sent away the next day after the Lord Muskerry went
away ; that the Lord Muskerry did stay away a long time, but how
long this examt. knoweth not. That the English that stayed or
went were not enforced to do either.

3. TiEGUE Murphy. (Saith) that he was in Macroom when
Mrs. Hussey, the day before the Lord Muskerry went away, desired
she might have liberty to goto Cork, and named some townsmen to
go with her, his Lordship said she need not trouble herself, but go
to the constable and he would order it. That he, this examt., was
then present, and that he went away with his Lordship the next day.
Behig asked if his Lordship did force any to stay for his convenience,
saith that his Lordship said that who would should go.

The Lord of Muskerry here added that he prosecuted those that
acted in that murder. That he left the country for a time. That
he did hear of that nnu'der by letter from John Reardon, and that
he did give an account thereof to the General {illegible). That he
did also write to the {illegible) concerning it, desiring that it might
be looked after, and to bring to justice the actors.

Witnesses for the Defence.

1. Cornelius Murphy. That he, this examt., Avaited on the
Lord IMuskerry and Avas his secretary ; that a letter was sent by
his Lordship to General Barry {illegible) being then at Kilkenny,
the substance of it was that an account might be had by him, the
General, of that murder (committed by the garrison of Blarney).

2. Colonel Callaghan O'Callaghan. That he, this examt.,
was with General Barry, either at Limerick or Kilmallock, when
the General did read to Lieutenant-General Purcell a letter sent by
the Lord Muskerry concerning the murder of the English sent from
Macroom ; the contents of it were tliat his Lordship was much
grieved at that murder, desiring the General to prosecute the
murderers to justice, but (examt.) did not hear what was then done
thereupon.

The Lord of Muskerry here added that on the conclusion of the
treaty of peace in 1G40, among the instances of murders to be ex-
cepted he elected to offer (those concerned in) this murder now in
justice, if any instances of that kind might be allowed, but that
course was not thought fit, lost any should know what was intended,
and so decline joining in the peace and avoiding the trial after.

i^EcoRDS OF Tin<: HIGH court of justick. 197

For this the prisoner produced as witness,

1. Sir EoDEiiT Talbot (who saith) that a Committee was ap-
pointed at Kilkenny to consider of the treaty for peace, and they
considered concerning instances of murder {illegible) they of Leinster
gave that (massacre) of Longford, those of Connaught that of Shrule,
those of Munster that of Cashel and the Silver Mines. The Lord
Muskerry then added that of Macroom, which he said should be
punished, which paper was afterwards delivered by this examt.
to the Lord of Ormond, who said that such instances would restrain
justice to those few and desired rather to [illegible) in the general
murders and massacres and the time for prosecuting them (to be
limited) to two years, that the Lord Muskerry did insist on the said
murder to be excepted out of the Act of October 8tli.

2. John Gold (sic) that he waiting on the Lord of Muskerry,
being one of the Commissioners for the treaty of peace, at Mr. Booth's
house in Dame Street, Dublin, the examt. did hear his Lordship in-
stance the murder of Macroom as one he would insist upon was
not to be shut up (but) that it Avas conceived not fit to give any
(such) instances fearing Sir Phelim O'Neil Avould fall oil, this
examt, 's cause of knowledge is that be was standing by at the
meetings of the said Commissioners and did hear as aforesaid.

(Here) the Lord Muskerry desired that Dr. {illegible) might
declare himself in this particular.

3. Dr. {illegible) saith, that at supper with the Lord of Ormond
at the time of the said treaty he did hear the Lord of Muskerry
desire much to insist {illegible) on the prosecution of murders.

Here his Lordship added that the Nuncio and his party, oppos-
ing the peace and corrupting many to join with them, made pre-
parations against the Lord of Ormond then with a party ordered to
Kilkenny ; that the Lord of Ormond returned to Dublin, after which
the Nuncio and his party prosecuted those, and particularly him, the
Lord Muskerry, for insisting on the peace, and seized on him and
Sir Kobert Talbot, Dr. Fennell, Sir James Dillon, Sir Pierce Crosbie,
etc., who were kept prisoners at Kilkenny and adjudged to suffer if
(illegible), but that waiting and seeing the Lord Ormond treating
{illegible) they hastened to close with him and the rest of the
before-mentioned prisoners, and called (illegible) to employ some to
France to the Queen and to the Prince then there and to present
themselves to them, and to excuse their miscarriages with the Lord

198 THE IRISH massacres of loii.

Ormond and the Lord Muskerry, and the Lord {illegible) and Mr.
Brown (were) cliosen for it. On whicli they (the Council of Con-
federate Cathohcs ?) reassuming their authority at Kilkenny he, the
Lord Muskerry, did %vrite to the Council from Waterford, (he) then
Bailing for France, desiring them to take the said murder at Blarney
into consideration.

For this the prisoner produced as witnesses :

1. John Gold (who saith) that on the Lord of Muskerry going
into France he did send the examt. to Kilkenny, to take out a com-
mission there for inquiring after the said murder, which he had,
and it was sent into the country, that it related to this particular
murder, Mr. {illegible) and Dr. Fennell's hands were to that com-
mission among others.

2. Dr. Gerald Fennell (who saith) that the Lord Muskerry
did send before going into France for the said commission, which
was issued accordingly, to which the examt. 's hand was added and
that John Gold had the commission to be executed.

His Lordship (here) added that on the Treaty in the last articles
he did insist on the explanations, and did then instance that he
would never consent that any of the actors in this murder should
be pardoned, and (allowed to) pass under these articles. This
testified in Court by Colonel {illegible). His general (course) con-
cerning murders to be {illegible) testified by the Major- General, and
that he (prisoner) was full in his expressions against murder {ille-
gible), this murder particularly, and was equally against (all) murders
in general.

CoLONEEi {illegible) did then declare that the Lord Muskerry did
as was before spoken by Sir Robert Talbot and Dr. Fennell. His
Lordship added his insisting on the articles.

The Counsel. 1. Mr. Eeardon. (There is) nothing in this
evidence of the Lord of Muskerry commanding or advising as in the
explanation and 2nd and 7th articles. That more thaii one witness
is necessary for life, etc. That no act of his (prisoner's) will
proved (him consenting) to the act he might know of it after (it was
done).

2. Mr.. Kennedy. Accessory to persons unknown.

Mr. Reardon. The Lord Muskerry commands a lawful thing
(in commanding) them to be conveyed away, (and) if the convoy
had murdered, as it appears (they did) not, it is not to be charged on
Jiim not commanding it.

3. Mr, Browne. The 1st Explanation. Where an cxplana-

Rl'XORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 199

tion is given of an article it is to be insisted on not to give an
explanation of an explanation, {illegible) proof not probability (of
guilt necessary).

LoBD MusKERRY saitli his apprehension of the meaning of the
article, explanation 1st (is that the person accused as accessory must
be shown to have had a share in the murder by) an act of the will
either advising or commanding (it to be done) (or by) sheltering mur-
derers knowing them to be such, and proved to be such (or by) keep-
ing tliom back from justice {illegible). That he hath prosecuted and
endeavoured to bring them (the murderers) to justice. He saith,
that he never had a command till the siege of {illegible), and (that)
when (he was) not in power he could not punish {illegible) not done
by that civil convoy which he sent (from Macroom).

On the Private Debate.

DoNOGH, Viscount Muskerry\

for VNoT Guilty.

Mrs. Hussey, etc. )

DoNOGH, Viscount Muskerry, for (murder of) William Deane,
alias Dene, and three others, Irish, and a woman called Nora.

Evidence.

As to generals. George Smith, present. Alice Stabber,
present.'

Mr. Attorney, for justifying the examinations taken by Mr.
Bysse in Munster, produced the warrant for the Commission for
taking the examinations, from the hands of Mr. Exham, the Clerk
of the Hanaper, which was endorsed by some of those who paid the
{illegible) now in Court. Also concerning the said examinations
Mr. Thomas V/aring was examined in Court on oath of his receiving
them by order from the Council of State to be {illegible), he saith
further that by order he did abbreviate the said examinations as to
losses (but) not ^ as to murders. '

• George Smith and Alice Stabber merely repeated the evidence already given
by thorn on the former trial.

* V. a7ite, p. 177. This passage, -with the exception of two words, is unusually
clear and legible. The first word marked in above as illegible is probably ' fees '
or ' fines,' the second looks like ' preserved,' but it may be ' copied.' Here, at all
events, is the explanation of Warner and Mr. Gilbert's (so called) ' cancellings.'
They are marks of abbreviation made carefully so as not to cancel a single lino,
but to leave it clear and valid.

200 THE IRISH massacijes of ig4I.

Mr. Attorney then desired that the exammations of Bird so
taken should be recorded. To whicli the prisoner's counsel, Mr.
Reardon, opposed that before the reading of the examinations it
should be {illegible) concerning the said Bird, whether he be alive,
if so, and that he may be had, that he appear, or that the truth of
liis examinations appear on oath.

William Bird (saith) that the Lord of Muslcerry about February,
1641, told this examt. that the Irish had a commission from the
king to do what he did.

Mary Fife (saith) that her father having the Lord of Muskerry's
protection, notwithstanding some of the Lord's soldiers did murder
him, and she heard that the Lord of Muskerry liad notice thereof,
and of the actors, yet never heard that he punished any for it, and
the examt. durst not complain to the Lord of Muskerry.

lilARY Austin. That the examt. 's father and her brother were
murdered, that she believeth the Lord Muskerry heard of it, yet did
not punish any for it; that John O'lveily, her late husband, Avas
sent by the Lord IMuskerry to General Barry, by whom he was
hanged, as she heard from Alice Stabber, that the Lady Muskerry
did send (him) to the Lord Muskerry, who sent him to General
Barry as aforesaid.

Simon Brigges (saith) that in the ward of {illegible) he did see
{illegible) persons hanged by the Lord of INIuskerry's command.

John Cruce, present (in court, saith) that at the siege of
{illegible) by the Lord Muskerry, one Dermot O'Brian, an Irishman
of the English party, and not a soldier, was brought before the Lord
of Muskerry and hanged in his camp in his presence. The oxamt.
heard this from others.

John Warren (saith that) John Millet and two others English
(were) killed near the Lord of Muskerry's camp, that they had been
prisoners the day before in the said camp, and were sent away with
a convoy.

William Gary, present (in court, saith) that John Phips, sent
away by the Lord Muskerry with a convoy, he was with his wife
hanged by the convoy, and the son of the said Phips also murdered
afterwards by the same party. This by hearsay.

Honora Shea, present (in court, saith) that William Woods
and William {illegible), who had and shared the Lord Muskerry's
protection, were notwithstanding murdered, this (was) done, as (was)
reported, by some of the Lord ]\Iuskerry's soldiers, others reporting
them to belong to others, this (was) about throe years since.

i{ECORDS OF THE IllC.ri COURT OF JUSTICE. 201

lloniniT MoKLFA', present (in court, saitli) as the former examt.,
Ilonora Shea, and that he did not think the Lord Muskerry careful
of making good his protection.

William Eames saith, that the Lord of Muskerry was of those
that hcsieged the Castle of Askeaton, and that after quarter was
given it was broken.

December 8rd, 1G53.

Evidc7icc.

1. The prisoner's examination. (He saith) that in June or July,
1G42, Kilfinny Castle was besieged by General Barry, not by this
examt., that the siege continued about six {illegible). That he, this
examt., was there but four or five days before the castle was
delivered, he denieth that any were executed in hia presence, or
that he did then hear of any (that were) executed after quarter
given, that the quarter was for the English ; the Irish {illegible).

2. Richard Blackball (saith) that he was besieged at Kil-
finny by the Lords Muskerry, Roche, Major Purcell, etc., that
William Deane was murdered {illegible), three Irishmen and Nora,
a woman, hanged.

3. Dame Elizabeth Dowdall saith that Licutenant-General
Pati'ick Purcell, witli an army of seven thousand, (besieged) the
Castle of Kilfinny, (which) being taken July 29th, 1641, William
Deane, sent out as scout, was killed. That the chiefest of the
besiegers were General Barry, Lieutcnant-Gcneral Purcell, and the
Lord Viscount Muskerry, etc., that Nora and some others were then
murdered.

4. Anthony Shehyn (sic), present (in court, saith) that he was
(among the) besieged at Kilfinny by the Lord Muskerry, etc., that
William Deane was murdered at the siege, that {blank) and three
Irishmen were hanged, and an Irishwoman after the castle (was)
delivered.

This Examinant's 3rd Examination. He names the persons
of those Irish so hanged, and that he did see the day before the
surrender the Lord of Muskerry ride by the castle, and did see
him after the castle siu-rendered. That the Lord of Muskerry
commanded there a regiment of foot, which he, this examt., did see
(illegible), and on inquiry was told it was his (Lord Muskerry's).
That (when) quarter was given, the Irish being to stand at mercy :
that after those Irish were hanged, as before (related), the news of

202 THE IRISH massacres of kui.

it was brought to the Lady Dowdall, who demanded the reason,
it was answered because they stayed with the EngUsh ; that two
of those Irish so hanged did not bear (arms).

The Prisoner's Defence.

(He) desired to hear all his charges before (he made) a par-
ticular defence ; the reason (is) for answering the articles together
with Mr. Attorney's preamble, which did not relate to this (par-
ticular) charge : yet proof was brought into it, contrary to the nature
of a preamble. But, tlie Court desiring him to proceed to his
defence on the present charge, he produced :

1. Gerald fitz-Gerald (who saith) that he was in the Castle
of Kilfinny when that place was besieged by General Barry, that
the Lord Muskerry was at the siege, and that he, this examt., did
not hear of any detained there, that the prisoners that were hanged
did watch and ward, and did march out with others in the castle to
take preys, and had arms in the place, that they did take preys in
the country before the siege ; so said Anthony Sherwin ; that Nora
or her brother did go forth as a spy, which occasioned their hanging
her, whereas they spared other Irishwomen there ; so said Sherwin ;
that the Lord of Muskerry was not present (at the execution), and
that the execution was by order of General Barry and Purcell, and
was [illegible) by the captain that carried this examt. with the rest
[illegible).

2. Captain David Poer (saith) that the quarter to the castle
was that^the Irish [illegible) General Barry commanded three men
and a woman to be hanged, being Irish, that the Lord Muskerry
liad no command at the siege, that General Barry commanded in
chief.

3. John Gold (saith) that going to Limerick he went to the
siege of Kilfinny, which was in the way ; that the Irish (in the
castle) were by the General Barry excepted from quarter, and that
the woman Nora was looked upon as a spy that passed through the
camp into the castle ; that those hanged were executed the day
after the surrender, as he remembers. He did not stay (to be
present) at the execution [illegible), the examt. is now servant to
the Lord Muskerry, and [illegible) since 1G44 ; that the Lord
Muskerry had no command at that siege, that he (examt.) desired
General Barry to give him a convoy going away, which he refused
till Newcastle were taken.

RECOKUS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 203

Council, Mn. Reardon {illegible). That those hanged were
(hanged) hy order of the General (Barry) or of Lieutcnant-Gencral
Purcell, the Lord Muskerry was there, hut as a private person, none
ordered hy him to be hanged, and he (was) not present at the execu-
tions, and, not having command, he neither advised nor acted nor
kept {illegible) to be charged with it.

As to the Time of the Acts.

It was in the first year (of the rebellion), a puissant army of
7,000, with a lieutenant-general, a major-general, in an orderly
course of war (illegible), whether what was done at that time be
(illegible) excepted in the articles.

As to the Charge.

The actors (in the murder), said to be persons unknown, and
(no one can be charged as) accessory with persons unknown, the
other persons murdered are unlmown, the evidence is as to persons
known, so as the provisions agree not to the charge.

Mr. Brown. By the articles murder excepted, (illegible).

The prisoner challengeth the articles and the {illegible).

At the Private Debate.

DoNOGii, Viscount Muskekby \
for L

William Deane, etc. ]
As to matter of fact . . . G uilty.

Articles considered . . . Not Guilty.

Read the Sentence.

As now on the whole matter you are discharged, my Lord, give
me leave for a word to you. You have escaped the last judgment
of this Court. You had a just judgment of indemnity in the first
charge, (and) of acquittal in the rest.

I only offer now to your notice this, that when you went off and
joined with the rebels, if that you have not joined with all that they
did, and the shedding of innocent blood, with which these wicked
rebels have defiled the land, yet see if it deserves not your serious
thoughts, that through you also the sword hath raged in this land
and plague and famine.

204 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

We shall all one day stand before the judgment-seat of Christ
to answer for all done ; and certainly, surely, for this also at that day,
my Lord, you must answer, and see if you have not in that join-
ing, joined Avith one of the most horrible massacres in the (world).
I observe two such: 1, the Sicilian Evensong, anno 1282, when
all the French were (cut off) by conspiracy on Easter Day at the
tolling of the Evensong, which they (the Sicilians) performed without
sparing any, for they intended to root out all the French [illegible).
This was the Sicilian Vespers.

The second massacre, that of Paris (St. Bartholomew), was also
very notorious, but it and the other were short of this. That of
Sicily was to root out the French, this was to root out the English
nation and the Protestant religion, there but 8,000 killed, only a
few that escaped to a fort called {illegible), who were afterwards
starved. But here in a short time above 800,000 British and
Protestants murdered or lost in cold blood, so as that the number
far exceeds Paris or Sicily, no torments, no burying alive there,
only death, but here death was a mercy {illegible).

Now, my Lord, lay your hand on your heart when you leave us
(illegible) that party, see how this blood comes home (to them).
Go ! expiate it by repentance.

Lord Muskerry's Speech after his Acquittal.

I have not much to say, although I cannot say all I feel in the
way of thanks to this Honourable Court (illegible), I must say
that I have in these whole proceedings met with justice, without
any leaning to my prejudice, but that if any leaning hath been it
liath been to my favour rather. It is one of the greatest provi-
dences that ever I met with this. I met many crosses in Spain and
Portugal. I could get no rest till I came hither, and the crosses I
met here are much affliction to me, but when I consider that in
this Court I come clear out of that blackness of blood by being so
sifted, it is more to me than my (lost) estate. I can live without'
my estate, but not without my credit.

UKCORDS OF TJIK HIGH COUllT OF JUSIICi:. 205

THE CASE OF COLONEL MACSWEENY.

The first witness examined against Colonel Maolmurry ' Mac-
Sweeny appears to have been Maolrony O'Carroll, Constable of
Castle Doe for the English government and a Protestant, whose de-
position, talvon on the 2Gth of April, 1G43, by the three clerical com-
missioners, Rev. John Watson, Rev. Randal Adams, and Rev. Henry
Brercton, has been given at p. 142. MacSweeny was then serving
in the Irish army with many others against whom similar charges
had been made. Yet the clerical commissioners have been censured
by Irish writers for having taken depositions against the accused in
their absence, as though the unfortunate clergymen had it in their
power to compel the accused to leave the Irish army and appear
before them in the midst of a fierce civil war. The marvel is how
the Commissioners or Magistrates were able to move about the
country at all at such a time, that they did so at peril of their lives
is shown by the murder of Archdeacon Bysse, one of their number,
in Waterford, on his Avay to Dublin with the depositions he had
taken (v. vol. i. p. 123). After the reduction of the whole island
by Cromwell, the relatives of Mr. Aikins revived the old charge of
IG'13 against MacSweeny. By that time O'Carroll was probably
dead, at least ho was not re-examined in 1058, and as usual, tho
Cromwellian Court did not rest satisfied with tho depositions of ten
years before, but sought in every direction for living witnesses,
whose evidence miglit be collated with these documents.

I desire to call the reader's particular attention to this case,
inasmuch as it shows how utterly incorrect is Sir Charles Gavan
Duffy's account of the Commission issued under Cromwell to inquire
into the murders committed between 1041-54. Sir Charles tells us
that this Comniission was issued to investigate the wrongs of the

' For the mcaiiiii;,' of Maolnnirry (wiUed in I'higlish Myles) iiiid Maolrony
r. .Tuvco'^! Irish ]S'(i»u\i, Ist Series, [>. ;iGO.

200 THE IRISH massacres of igil

' British in Ii-eland,' and that the ' maddest evidence ' was received
by it ' against the Irish, while no witness was heard on their behalf '
{Bird's-eye Vietu of Irish Histonj, p. 100). This is surely the
' maddest assertion * that party prejudice ever put forth even in
Ireland. As I have already shown, more than thirty depositions,
some of them made in Irish by the Magees and other poor Irisli
Roman Catholics (who probably had not a drop of British blood in
their veins) whose relatives were murdered in the retaliatory mas-
sacres at and near Island Magee in January, 1042 (N.S.), were taken
by the Cromwellian Commissioners against the Scotch and English
murderers. Some of those depositions and many others against
English and Scotch murderers of Irish are now laid before the
reader for the first time, after they have been neglected or delibe-
rately suppressed from party motives, by every writer except the
able and impartial historian of the Irish Presbyterian Church, Dr.
Reid. We can see for ourselves, unless we prefer to be misled, as
Sir C. G. Duffy has been, by the rhetoric and false statements of
Burke and Curry, that the Cromwellian Commissioners took care to
collect evidence against all murderers, English, Irish, and Scotch,
showing no favour or partiality to any one of them, on account of his
creed or nationality, or the worldly position or creed of his victims.
So far did the Commissioners go in their care to punish murderers
of inoffensive Irish, and to sift and test the evidence of Englishmen
and Scotchmen against Irishmen, and to allow the latter to bring
forward witnesses for their defence, that Carte and other royalist
writers charge them (the Cromwellian Commissioners and judges)
with unjustly favouring the Irish, just as in the following letters Ave
find Mr. Aikins, a Cromwellian officer, charging Colonel Venables
with unduly favouring Colonel MacSweeny. Indeed, Sir Charles
Gavan Duffy, with a curious inconsistency, says that the ' only
notable victim ' of the Commission (which a few pages before he re-
presents as eager to exterminate the Irish) was Sir Phelim O'Neil
{v. Bird's-eye Vieio of Irish History, pp. 100-118). There are
birds and birds, but clearly Sir C. G. Duffy's bird is not the ' keen-
eyed eagle.' The truth is that a poet seldom makes a good historian,
and that in much of what Sir C. G. Duffy has written about 1G41
he has been guided by that mistaken poetic maxim which he sets
forth in the dedication of his brochure to the Roman Catholic bishop
of Clogher, that ' traditions and memories interpret the past better
than the historian.' One of the real grievances of Ireland is that
writers on her past and statesmen who desire to draw instruction

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 207

from it too often prefer to rely on traditiona and memories more or
less myths, rather than on the sober facts of history. How these
latter can put an end once and for ever to the myths about the in-
justice of the Cromwellian Commissioners to the Irish leaders the
following documents will help to show.

To the Right Honourable Sir Gerald Lowthcr, Knight and Baronet,
Lord President of the High Court of Justice, sitting in Dublin,
these,

Right Honouiiable : In observance of the Commission sent
to us bearing date the 10th of January last, we have sent for Mr.
Alexander Aikins, not being able to get any information of any other
person in this precinct that could give evidence concerning the mur-
ders committed by Colonel Myles MacSweeny and others, and we
took his (Mr. Aikins') examinations and recognizances to {illegible)
and afterwards by virtue of your said Commission we sent unto the
said Mr. Aikins unto the north, having written unto Sir George
St. George to send some soldiers along with him, to endeavour the
apprehending of MacSweeny and the rest, who had their hands in
that murder ; but after his long stay there, seeing he could not
apprehend them, he sent us the enclosed letter, which with his ex-
amination and recognizance we have transmitted to you, and leave
to your consideration. Having received information from Captain
Takenham, that there was one Dendy hi Captain Sandford's troop,
who could give evidence concernhig the murders committed at
Bellanleck [sic] in the year 1651, for which we understand Daniel
Maguire is now prisoner in Dublin, we sent for him and hkewise
for Nangle, Darcy, and Fagan, who the said Dendy informed us, he
conceived were accessory to the murder, and having taken their ex-
aminations, they confessing nothing which we could apprehend to
bo material, and his (Dendy's) evidence against them being but
slender, we adventured, upon good bonds for their appearance upon
summons, to let them have their liberty ; his recognizance to
prosecute the examinations, bonds, and recognizances, we hke-
wise enclose, and having also received some information against
Con Kelly about the murder of Thomas MacEgan, we took the
enclosed examination, but seeing we could not apprehend his body,
although we endeavoured it, we proceeded no further. We do here-
with return your Commission, which if not delayed (through our
not hearing from Mr. Aikins until very lately) you had received

208 THE inisii massacres of ion.

sooner, and leaving the whole to your consideration and to the

guidance of the {illegihle), we remain your assured and humble

servants,

H, Waddington.

Athlone, 20th March, 1653. Alex. Brasier.

[Enclosure.)

The Examination of Alexander Aikins, gent., of the (blank) in Sir
George St. George's comimny of foot, concerning the murder of
Bobert Aikins, and some otlier Englisli in the beginning oftlic re-
bellion at Clandehorba, in the county of Donegal, in the 'province
of Ulster, taken by order of a Commission of the High Court of
Justice, sitting at Dublin, bearing date the IQth of January
instant, directed unto Alexander Braxfield, James Shacn,
Henry Waddington, and George Southcote, Esqs., or any one
of them.

The said examt., Alexander Aikins, aged about twenty years,
duly sworn and examined, deposeth and saith, that this examt. 's
father, Eobert Aikins, minister of God's word of the parish of
Clanderhorba, in tlie county of Donegal, Avith several other persons
were living in a slated house, three stories high, at Clandehorba
aforesaid, in the first year of the rebellion. And that about Candle-
mas in the said year, in the night time, when all the people of the
house were asleep, there came some persons unto tlie door and
knocked, and this examt. 's said father awaking, inquired of one
Edward Evans, advising ' him thereof. The said Robert Aikins de-
manded who was at the door, and it was answered, ' I, ]\Iaohnurry
MacSweeny.' Thereupon the said Robert caused a candle to be
lighted, and called upon one to open the door, whereupon the said
MacSweeny and five more, viz. Manus MacKonogher, Dualtagli
MacGarvy, Brian Reagh Ofifary, Donnel Macllbridy, and Neil
O'Donnell, came rushing into the said house with their swords
drawn. And the said Robert Aikins inquiring of the said Maol-
murry MacSweeny what was the matter with them, the said Maol-
murry answering bade him put on his clothes and he should know
presently. And having caused the said Robert to put on his clothes,
the said Myles ^lacSweeny took him and three more, viz. Marcus
Aikins and John Aikins, brothers, unto the said Robert, and one
Robert Buchanan out of doors, and bade them say their prayers,

' /. e. wiiriiiiifr liiin oi- tcllini^ him of the kimckiiiii;.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 209

and then brought them into a barn, where they hanged them
all four and murdered one John Adams, whom they stabbed with
skeans, being all English Protestants, and afterwards the said
Myles came back again into the said house and sat down upon
Edward Evan's bedside, with his sword drawn, lying across his knee.
And then one Janet Parbarot (sic), lying in bed in the same room,
went down upon her knees and prayed him to save her and such of
her family as were there, whereupon the said Myles (in Irish Maol-
murry) promised and said, ' My life for you and yours, no harm shall
come to you or to any one that belongeth unto you.' And then when
news was brought that the said Robert and the other four were mur-
dered he, MacSweeny, went out of the house, and having put this
examt. and all belonging to his father out of it, he put the said Janet
in possession of this examt. 's father's house and goods. And then
he with those of his company went away that night ; and the next
morning some of the said Myles's men, but examt. cannot positively
depose whether the said Myles was with them or not, came to the
said house and took the widows of the said murdered persons, and
hanging up ropes upon the rafters, threatened that if they would
not confess their money they would hang them. Whereupon one
Elizabeth Todd, the widow of the aforesaid John Aikins, confessed
and gave sixteen or twenty pounds unto them, which money the
said Elizabeth did lately receive satisfaction for from the said Myles.
And this examt. saith, that his cause of knowledge of what he hath
deposed is, that he was in that said house the night the murders
were committed, and that he saw the said Myles and the other
persons who came upstairs with him, Avith their swords drawn, and
doth perfectly remember and know what he hath deposed to be
true. And further saith, that one Robert Dall, who held the candle
while the said persons were murdered in the barn, told the widows
awhile after, in this deponent's hearing, that the said Myles cut down
the said Marcus after he was hung up, and that afterwards the
said Marcus was hanged up until he died. And this examt. further
saith, that he is informed and verily belie veth that the said Myles
MacSweeny, Manus McConogher, Dualtagh McGarvey, Brian Reagh
Offary, Donogh MacGilbridy, and Neil O'Donnell, the murderers
aforesaid, do now lie and reside in the country of Doe, in the county of
Dunangall (sic) and barony of Kilmacrennan, and parishes of Clande-
horba, Rey, and MuUish O'Biggory {sic) in the province of Ulster.
And being demanded who can probably give evidence on behalf of
the Commonwealth concerning the matters and things aforesaid,

VOL. II. p

210 i'lIE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

this examt. saith, that the persons undernamed can give full infor-
mation therein, viz. Margaret Walker, late wife to Mr. Robert
Aikins, who was then murdered, now married to William Cumber-
land, living in the town of Coleraine, Elizabeth Todd, late wife to
John Aikins, now widow, living in the county of Donegal, barony of
Raphoe, parish of Rey, Elizabeth Morton, late wife of John Adams,
who was then murdered, now married to Edward Dall, living in the
parish of Clandehorba, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal,
Robert Dall, husbandman, now living in the same parish, barony,
and county : Janet Greenhill, married to Phelimy O'Dogherty,
now living in the parish of Menagh, barony of Kilmacrenan, county
of Donegal, Jane Evans, married to James Peebles, now living
in the same parish, barony, and county. And further deposeth

not.

Alexander Aikins.

Taken as aforesaid, 28th January, 1653, before vs,
II. Waddington.
Alex. Braxfield.

To the Honourable the Commissioners of Bevenuc for the 2^recinct of
Athlone, tJiese present. Hast, liast {sic).

Honourable Sirs, — By virtue of the power, authority, and
order given me by your honours for to repair into the province of
Ulster with a commanded party of Sir George St. George's soldiers
for the apprehending of the bodies of such persons as had a hand in
the murder of Robert Aikins and others who were murdered at one
time with him. According to your honours' orders, I have been in
the aforesaid province, and have done as much as it possibly lay in
my power to do, in exercising my duty in performance of the trust
laid upon me, yet could not find any of the said persons, orders
having been sent to the Commissioners of the Revenue for Derry
ten days before my going into those parts, viz. to Major Bolton,
Ralph King, Owen Wynn, and John Reeves for the causing of the
body of Colonel Myles MacSweeny to be appreliended and sent close
prisoner to Dublin, the said Colonel MacSweeny, not thinking of
any such thing, went, as I was informed, to the gates of Derry, and
there got intelligence that if he would go into the town he would be
apprehended. What way he could have been thus informed I can-
not tell, unless it were by some person belonging to the Commis-
Bioners, for it is told me that none did know of it but themselves and

nECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 211

some officers that they had given orders to for the apprehending of
him : but being informed one way or the other at the very gates of
Derry, he went away and could not be found, neither could I hear
where he should be, he being so well beloved by all in these parts,
and especially by ' Colonel Venables, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Newburgh,
and the rest of the Commissioners. They told me they were sure
he was cleared of the murder laid to his charge before them already,
and that they would do their endeavour that he should not suffer
for it. As for the rest of the murderers, there is (sic) three of them
in the county of Dunagall and barony of Kilmacronnan, viz. Dual-
tagh MacGarvey, Donell MacGilbridy, and Brian Reagh Offary, they
are maintained by their friends in the said barony, yet hath this
long time been upon their keeping. They were at my being there
treating with one Lieutenant Matthew Foot, that they might have
his safe conduct to come in and clear themselves, and lay the fact
upon Colonel MacSwcony, who is guilty of it, but they would not
come in so long as I was in the country. Yet they are much afraid to
come in, by reason that they are informed Colonel Venables is such
a great friend of Colonel MacSweeny, and would, right or wrong,
have them to suffer for what MacSweeny hath done. For what
they did they say they will make it appear it was by his directions and
commands, he being then their connnander. Colonel Venables
I am confident hath written to Dublin that MacSweeny may be
granted the privilege to be tried in Ulster, when, as I heard Colonel
Newburgh say, he would be willing to come in and there to be tried,
but as for to be sent to Dublin, he (Newburgh) considered that they
were as sufficient to try him there as to send him to any other place.
I know very well if they pleased they might apprehend him, but
they had rather give him intelligence of any such thing than do him
any such prejudice, they are all of them such friends of his, and will
do all they can to clear him. I delivered your honours' letters to the
Commissioners, wherein you desired that they would be pleased to
give me their warrant, being within their precinct, for seizing the
goods of the murderers, the which at first they granted, and wrote
their warrant upon my petition, and after they had signed it they said
one to another that Colonel Venables would be offended at it, and they
tore it in pieces, and said they would give me no warrant for any-
thing until they did know Colonel Venables' pleasure in it. Upon
which Colonel Venables came to Derry, when I did question the
Commissioners before him the reason for not granting me my

' ^oniparo Bird's-eye View of Ireland, p. 122.

P 2

212 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1C41.

lawful request. They answered me that tliey would consider what
they thought fitting to be done, and bade me to wait and they
would give me an answer : so after having waited ten days upon
them, their answer to me at last was that they would give me no
order against their goods until they saw whether they (the accused)
were condemned or not. Their plot for it is that I may not have any
ability wherewith I may be able to pursue against MacSweeny
in law, neither am I able for want of the same to pursue him, nor
the others ; they made me wait upon them so long that it did prove
very chargeable to me, having the charges of eight soldiers to pay
for the space of twelve days, while the said Commissioners kept me
there, and nothing the better for my staying.

I have sent here enclosed unto your honours my petition, humbly
desiring that your honours may be pleased to get me a warrant for
the goods of the murderers, without which I am not able to pursue
them, nor answer at any court where I shall be summoned to appear,
all which I humbly desire your honours to take into consideration,
and trust that they who defend the cause of murderers will be
found out. There are two of the murderers, as I am informed, viz.
Manus McConogher and Neil O'Donnell, in the county of Tyrone,
but what place within that county I cannot tell, this being all that
I can give you and account of, I take leave and rest

Your honours' in all humbleness to serve you,

Alexander Aikins.
Carrigdromask, this 2,5th March, 1653.

{Enclos2ire.)

The Humble Petition of Alexander Aikins to the Et. Hon. the
Commissioners of the Bevenue of Ulster,

Humbly sheweth, unto your Honours, that in the first year of
the late rebellion in Ireland Colonel Miles ]\IacSweeny took
away in his custody and keeping the value of 200/. worth of your
petitioner's father's goods and chattels, which he converted to
his own use, and refuses to give your petitioner any satisfaction
for the same, pretending that his capitulation doth fi'ee him of all
such like facts done by him. It is the desire of your petitioner
that he (the said Colonel) might appear and first clear himself
of the murder laid to his charge, which if he can free himself of
that he may be the sooner freed of what robberies he hath done
if his capitulation doth clear him. So it may be please your

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 213

Ilonourg that your petitioner doth conceive that if he, Colonel
MacSweeny, cannot clear himself of the murders laid against
him, that he is as Hahle to give satisfaction for what rohberies he
hath done as for the murders he hath committed. May it there-
fore please your Honours to take the premises into consideration,
and to grant your petitioner a warrant to what officer your
Honours shall think fit, for the seizing upon the goods, chattels,
and corn of the said Myles MacSweeny, and the same to be put
upon security until the said MacSweeny appears and answers
your petitioner's suit. And your petitioner shall always pray, &c.
&c. — February 1st, 1G53.

To the Bt. Hon. Sir Gerard Lowther, Knight, Lord President of
the High Court of Justice at Dublin.

My Lord, — Some public occasions drawing me at this time
hither, I met with your Lordship's (order) to one Mr. Aykins {sic)
for the apprehending of Colonel Miles MacSweeny with others as
murderers of his father Mr. Aykins, a minister, and in regard some
occurrences relating unto that matter are known to me, I thought
myself obliged to give your Lordship an account of my knowledge.
In September, 1052, I marched to suppress the said MacSweeny,
who was in arms at that time in these parts, and hearing some
reports of the said Mr. Aykins' murder, I made inquiries into the
matter and examined some witnesses, Scots, Protestants and such
as lost some of their nearest relatives at that time, by some of the
men in your order mentioned, being some of them servants to Mr.
Aykins at the time of his death and eye-witnesses of all that was
done, as Robert Dall, Janet Doherty (a Scotchwoman as I am in-
formed married to an Irishman, her daughter married to a Scottish-
man), and one Greenhill, who lost his mother and brother, as is re-
lated, with some others whose examinations were taken by Sir
George St. George at my request, in regard I declined to enter
into any treaty, much less to conclude any articles with the said
MacSweeny until I were satisfied he was guilty or no ; and since
his articles were approved and further explanations added to them
by the Rt. Hon. the Commissioners of the Commonwealth, of all
which Examinations, Articles, and Explanations the enclosed are
copies. This young Aykins lived a soldier under Sir George St.
George when those examinations were taken and could not be
ignorant of the business, and was then silent ; since which time he

214 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

and his mother, of whose abode at the time I could not learn any-
thing, have sought unto MacSweeny for satisfaction, which being
denied in that measure they demanded, they now prosecute him,
after they have, as I am informed, taken some money which their
threats and hia fears extracted from him, not being guilty as I be-
lieve. Aykins' petition is herein enclosed, who being examined by
us, confessed that in September last he demanded the money for
his father's goods, which being refused, he, in January last, in-
formed against the said MacSweeny, who hath lately writ to me
and I believe will offer himself to trial, but is I am informed at
present very sick, and very probably will give bonds to appear when
recovered, if your Lordship please to allow of the same. His
fidelity since his submission in discovering enemies, and assisting
our forces upon all occasions which all the State's servants em-
ployed in those parts can and will testify, from whom I have this,
will I hope persuade your Lordship to accept of bail (for him),
which is all that is humbly offered on his behalf by, my Lord,

Your Lordship's very humble servant,

R. Venables.
Derry, Feb. 22nd, 1653.

[Enclosure 1.)

The Examination of Robert Ball, of Donraghe in the parish of
Kilmacrennan, cou7ity of Donegal, taken by me, Sir George
St. George, Knt., at Castledoe, by the direction of the Hon.
Colonel Venables, Lt.-Col. [torn) iipon the last day of Sep-
tember, 1G52, tuho being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelists,

Saith, that he being at Mr. Robert Akin's ' house, his then
master, at the very beginning of the rebellion, there came to
that house in the night, three hours before day, some men and
knocked very earnestly at the door requiring to come in : they
within fearing no great harm opened the door to them, when
presently entered four men, viz. Manus McKonogher, Dualtagh
MacGarvey, Brian Eeogh Offary, and Donell MacGilbridy. The
first man, Manus MacKonogher, had his sword drawn, and to the
best of this examinant's remembrance there was also one Neil
O'Donnell, who likewise came into the house with his sword

' The name is spelt indifferently in the depositions, Aikins, Aikin, Akin, and
Aykins, but this is a common occurrence in old documents, wliero a suruame is
often spelt in a dozen different ways.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 215

drawn. As soon as they came in they called earnestly for Mr.
Kobert Aildus and his two brothers to rise hastily, which ac-
cordingly they did, then they pressed them hard to have money
from them. Uv. Aikins answered them that he had none and
told them that it was well known in the comitry that he lived to
the height of his estate, that he had newly built the house he
lived in, and married one of his daughters, which would suffi-
ciently excuse him from ha^^ng any money, if they would be
reasonable. They replied that they would have money or they
would put him to death, he answering still as before that he had
none : then they took him and his two brothers Marcus Aikins
and John Aikins and led them forth of the door threatening to
kill them unless they (the rebels) might get money, which the
others still said they had not: then they bade them (their
prisoners) prepare to die, offering them to choose what death they
would die, either to be killed by a sword or bullet or to be hanged,
they all chose to be hanged, so they (the rebels) carried them all
into Mr. Eobert Aikin's barn a little remote from the house, and
first they hanged up Marcus Aikin ; then presently came in
Colonel Miles MacSweeny, who very much reproved them for
that bloody act and presently di-ew his sword and cut down
Marcus Aikin again, and charged them with all the earnestness
he could to desist from such outrages, and not only to forbear
hanging the other two, but him he had cut down, who was then
recovered and walked on his feet about the house. I\Ianu3
O'Konogher replied that he would not obey any of Colonel
MacSweeny's commands that night, and presently the said
Manus and his company took the said Colonel by the neck and
thrust him out of doors and locked the door, and so they returned
to their bloody business and hanged up all the three brothers
and another man called Eobert Buchanan, a servant of Mr.
Aikins. After that they went to John Adams' house and brought
him to the barn where those men lay dead and bade him prepare
himself to be hanged as the rest were before him, he told them
he would not, and so struggled the best he could for his life, and
then Manus McKonogher drew out a long skean he had and
thrust it through him and so killed him, this deponent saith they
forced him to carry a candle and light them all the time they
were doing these villanies, which is the cause of his certain
knowledge of all that he hath here deposed. He also saith that
Colonel Miles MacSweeny came not to them until seven o'clock

216 THE IKISII MASSACRES OF 1041.

the next morning after he was thrust out of doors, and then he
came to the house, and this deponent could not observe that
either the night before, or in the morning when he came, that
he had any wish or desire that any should be murdered, but was
very much offended at it.

signed George St. Gkoiiqe.

copia vera, examined by us, this 20th Feb. 1653,
E. Venables.
Ealph King.
John Keeves.

[Enclosure 2.)

The Examination of Janet O'Doherty being taken before Sir
George St. George, Knt., at Castledoe, the last of September,
1652, by desire and order of the Hon. Colonel Venables and
Lieut. -Col. Thomas Newburgh.

Who being duly sworn upon the Holy Evangelists saith, that
Bhe being in Mr. Robert Akin's house, with her husband where
they then lived about the Candlemass after these wars began,
there came some men to that house after their first sleep in the
night and called earnestly to come in (i.e. to be allowed to come
in). Mr. Robert Akin himself rose out of his bed opened the
door and let them in, when presently entered Colonel Miles
MacSweeny, Manus MacKonogher, Donell MacGilbridy, and
Donnell MacGarvey, Brian Reagh Offary, and Neil O'Donncll.
Upon their coming in in such a manner John Akins demanded
of them what they would have, and some of them, this deponent
knoweth not which, said they would have money : presently
another, whom she thinks was Manus O'Konogher, answered that
they would have lives and money afterwards M'hen they had
(torn) them all. Robert, Marcus, John, and the servant Robert
Buchanan put on their clothes, and they (the rebels) carried them
out of the dwelling-house into the barn, this deponent and her
husband being in their (torn) in an upper chamber in the house
saw not further what they [torn). After a little Avhile Colonel
MacSweeny came into the chamber of this deponent where she
lay and sat down at the {to7-n) side and told this deponent and
her husband that those com.{torn) that were with him had
hanged up Marcus Akin, which he thought at the first they had
done in jest, but seeing the man was black in the face and sup-
posing he drew nep;r death, he drew out hig sword and cut him

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 217

down, and desired tliem, as he told this deponent, that they
would forbear to kill any of them, whereupon they took him by
the shoulder and told him he was a faint-hearted fellow and
thrust him out of doors, from whence he came to this deponent's
lodging as aforesaid and stayed until fair {i.e. clear) day in the
morning. This deponent further saith, that after the murderers
had dispatched their murders, they came into Mr. Akin's house
agam, and one of them, Manus MacKonogher, having a long skean
in his hand, his arm being bloody up to the elbow, sat down and
called for drink ; then he and the rest of his followers were
boasting and bragging of what they had done, and they said that
Colonel MacSweeny was but a faint-hearted, cowardly man, and
that they had thrust him out of door from amongst them for
that he would not have them kill the men. And further de-

poneth not.

signed George St. Geoege.
cojjia vera.

{Enclosure 3.)

The Examination of John GreenhiU, of the jiarish of Moragh,
barony of {illegible), county of Donegal, husbandman, aged
forty years or thereabouts, taken before us the 2nd of
' October, 1G62.

This deponent being duly sworn, on the day aforesaid, de-
posoth and saith as followeth, viz. : that in or about the month
of February, 1G41, this deponent being at Mr. Robert Akin's
house at {illegible) in the county aforesaid there came thither
Colonel Maolmurry MacSweeny, Manus MacKonogher, Doltagh
MacGarvey, Daniel Macllbridy, Neil O'Donnell, and Brian Reagh
Offary, who, as they confessed, often stayed in the said Mr. Akin's
house, and took forth Mr. llobert Akm and his brothers, Mr.
John and Mr. Mark Akm, and Robert Buchanan their servant,
and carried them to the said Mr. Akm's barn near his house,
where they first hanged the said Mark Akin. And the said
Colonel Maolmurry MacSweeny coming thither after them, and
finding the said Mark Akin hanged, did threaten the said Manus
MacKonogher, and the rest of his confederates, and thereupon
the said Colonel MacSweeny drew out his sword and did cut the
rope wherewith they hanged the said Mark, so that he fell down
alive begging his life again, whereupon the said Manus and the

218 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IQil.

rest of the said party did, as they said, thrust the said Colonel
MacSweeny out of the door, locking the door upon him, and
calling him a cowardly base fellow for not joining with them in
executing and murdering the said Mark Akin and his son and
servant, whom they murdered, as they told this deponent that
very night, and that Colonel MacSweeny thereupon fell a weeping
without doors at their killing Scotchmen as they all said. And
this deponent also saith, that the said Manus MacKonogher and
Doltagh MacGai'vey did in this deponent's hearing in a bragging
manner affirm and say, that they and the said Donell Macllbridy,
Neil O'Donnell, and Brian Reagh Offary did at the time aforesaid
send for one John Adams, then living near Clonder {blank) afore-
said, and would have hanged him, but he struggling with them
they took their skeans and stabbed him. And this deponent
further saith, that he hath often afterwards seen the said Colonel
MacSweeny weep and lament the murdering and killing of Mr.
Akins, his son, and servant aforesaid.'

signed Egbert Venables.

J. Edwards.

Thos. Nbwburgh.

copia vera, examined by us this 20th of February, 1653, Egbert
Venables, Ea. King, Thomas Newburqh, John Eeeves,
Francis Bolton, Owen Wynn.

' Janet Peebles (daughter of Janet Doherty) and John Ennis also swore to the
eamo effect.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 219

HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE.
Gth Sep. 1654.

Trial of Edmund O'Eeilly, 2^^'i'^st and Vicar -General, and of
Edmund Duffe Birne, for the murder at the Black Castle of
Wickloio, 2,dth December, 1G42.

Evidence.

Luke Birne. That before the battle of {illegible) Hill, he was
at dinner with Edmund Birne {illegible). That O'Reilly advised
him (witness) to kill all the English about him. That witness
saying that Joyce was a person of honour, O'Reilly replied, ' I know
more than you.' Edmund Duffe told witness he had a hand in that
murder. O'Reilly charged witness with high treason for corre-
sponding with the English, and got him thereupon to be questioned
and committed, and that the said O'Reilly excommunicated him
for favouring the English.

Hugh MoLoughlin Birne. (It was) reported that Edmund
Duffe Birne and others were principals actors in that murder.

Hugh McLoughlin Birne, further examined, (swore he)
heard that Edmund Duffe Birne, etc., (were) actors in that murder.
Heard that O'Reilly continued at Ashpole's house at Wicklow until
the night of that day, and that some of the murderers were in his
company before the action. He believeth that O'Reilly had a hand
in the murder for the reasons aforesaid.

Peter Wickham, (present in court, swears) that he, being then
high sheriff of Wicklow, and at Ashpole's house at Wicklow, did
see Edmund O'Reilly (there). That he, this examt., ordered the
empannclling a jury for inquiring of that murder ; that (on his)
saying they (the warders of the Black Castle) were murdered,
O'Reilly said, ' What great hurt was there if those churls were burnt
accidentally ? ' Witness was told by the inhabitants of Wicklow,
that Edmund O'Reilly did he at Ashpole's house aforesaid all the
night that the murders were committed, and that Edward Birne,
foreman of the said jury, saying it was murder, he was put out
and another put in his place. That Edmund O'Reilly, being one
of the commissioners for the county, refused to deliver the Castle of
Wicklow to the English, for it would be, he said, {illegible) to the

220 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

country to keep it. Heard that O'Eeilly was present when Edward
Birne was removed from the jury as aforesaid, that the said Birne
said so to the examt., and (it was) so reported commonly.

Edward Birne, present (in court, swears) that he was fore-
man of the jury, that being of opinion that it was murder, he was
sent for by Edmund O'Reilly, one of the commissioners for the
county of Wicklow, and demanded why he thought it murder, and
he gave his cause of knowledge therein, and he was, by the said
O'Reilly and the rest of the commissioners, put out of the jury.
That this inquiry was two or three days after the murder, and that
another foreman was put in his place. (It was) reported that
Edmund Duffe Birne did that murder. (It was) reported that
O'Reilly was an adviser in that murder, and an {illegible) of it
before the fact.

Edward Birne's further examination. That he was by Edmund
O'Reilly and the rest of the commissioners, of whom he (O'Reilly)
was chief, put off the jury, for the reasons aforesaid, and com-
mitted by them for twenty-four hours, and being released that he,
with Peter Wickham, desired Edmund O'Reilly and {illegible) to
permit the persons murdered to be buried, offering twenty shillings
for each of them ; they (O'Reilly and the commissioners with him)
refused, in that they (the murdered men) were heretics, (to bury
them) in the church or churchyard, and that O'Reilly ordered
examt. 's imprisonment aforesaid.

Thomas Sherin {sic). That he was then servant to Edward
Birne, former examt., examined June 8rd, 1645, soon after the
fact, and that Edward Birne and Peter Wickham offered twenty
shillings apiece for burying each of the murdered persons, which
was offered to Edmund O'Reilly and others, but it was not allowed.
Andrew Kenny. He heard that O'Reilly said that Joyce and
the rest should not be buried in the church.

CooLE Toole, (present in court, swears) that he heard that
Edmund Duffe Birne, etc., were actors in the murder at the Black
Castle in Wicklow, and that Edmund O'Reilly used to say that
they had little to do that inquired after the murder of churls,
meaning the commissioners taking the examinations concerning
that business (had little to do), and that the said O'Reilly was busy
in demolishing the Castle of Wicklow, the examt. not hearing of
any direction he (O'Reilly) had for so doing.

CooDE Toole's further examination. He heard that Edmund
Duffe Birne, etc., were actors in that murder ; heard that Edmund

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, 221

O'Reilly did stand by and see the Castle of Wicklow demolished ;
heard that Edmund O'Reilly did find fault with the examt. and
others for being inquisitive after the said murder, and that (he said)
they had little to do.

Nicholas Pasmeke. That he, dwelling at Wicklow, Edmund
O'Reilly, commanded this examt. and others, about six or seven
weeks after, to break down the Castle of Wicklow, on pain of
hanging; that the said O'Reilly used to lodge at Thomas Ashpole's
house in Wicklow, which Ashpole was agent or proctor to the said
O'Reilly, and that the said O'Reilly was Governor (of Wicklow)
when the hiquest was taken concernmg the murder, and that
Edmund Birne, the foreman of the jury, was soon after committed
(to prison) by Edmmid O'Reilly, but wherefore this examt. knoweth
not.

Nicholas Pasmeke's further examination. That the examt.
with others, shortly after the murder, demolished the castle by
order of Father O'Reilly, and, in the doing thereof, Hugh McPhelim
Birne, demanding who put them on that work, and they saying
Father O'Reilly, he forced them off of this design, but the next
day O'Reilly did set them to work again.

TiRLOGH McDermot Birne, (present, swears) that he did see
the Castle of Wicklow on fire, and about a month after (it was)
reported that Edniund Duffe Birne, etc., were actors in that murder,
that Edward Birne, who had been foreman at the inquest, was
about a week after committed to the castle at Arklow, but for what
cause he (witness) knoweth not.

LouGHLiN QuiN, (present, swears) that about a week after the
murder Cahir Cullen told this examt. that Edmund O'Reilly and
Luke Toole's sons were the prmcipal men that caused that murder,
etc., and that the said Cullen and others told him that O'Reilly had
his share of the arms, ammunition, and goods which were in the
castle, and (it was) commonly reported that the said O'Reilly caused
the castle to be demolished, and caused a cess on the country for
the charge of that work.

LouGHLiN Quin's further examination. That Thomas Ashpole,
about a month after the murders, then proctor to the said O'Reilly,
told the examt. that Edmund O'Reilly was in his, the said Ash-
pole's house, that day that the murder was committed, and that
O'Reilly did then and there promise the said murderers that he
would absolve them if they would kill all in the said castle, who
did kill accordingly, and that the said persons after told the said

222 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

Aslipole that they would not have done it but by command of the
said O'Keilly, and that he, the said O'Eeilly, promised them abso-
lution. And the examt. did about a month after see the said
O'Reilly putting his foot on several places of the wall of the castle,
and he did order and direct the pulling the same Aovm, and the
examt. was told it by James MacBrian Birne, that Garret Toole
and Talbot Toole told him that they would not have committed
the said murder and burnt the castle, but that they were set on by
Edmund O'Reilly, who promised absolution for the same. That
Edmund Dufife Birne, etc., were also actors (in it).

Phelim McTiklogh Birne, (present, swears) that the next
day after the murder ho did overtake Edmund O'Reilly and others
going towards Wicklow, who being told of the murder by one they
met, the said O'Reilly seemed to Avonder at it. (It was) reported in
the country that the said murder was contrived in the house of
Thomas Ashpole, and that Edmund O'Reilly was one in the plot,
and paid for the demolishing the Castle of Wicklow. Examt. also
heard that some of the actors in that murder did after {illegible),
of whom Edmund Duffe Birne was one. (It was) reported that
none durst act such a murder if Edmund O'Reilly had not a hand
in it, he being so leading (a man) in the country. Examt. heard
that Edmund O'Reilly was the day of the murder in the town of
Wicklow, and that night he went to Christopher Wolverston's
house, and the next day returned to Wicklow.

Christopher Wolverston, (present, swears) that the night
the Black Castle was burnt, Edmund O'Reilly did lodge in the
examt. 's house at Newcastle, and having discourse the next day
with the said O'Reilly, both going towards Wicklow, he, the examt.,
did perceive that O'Reilly was no way troubled at the news then
brought him of the said murder, and that late in the night of the
murder the said O'Reilly did come from Wicklow to the examt. 's
house, and it was commonly reported that the said O'Reilly had a
hand in advising and furthering the said murder, and examt. was
told that (when) O'Reilly saw a piece of pork (being roasted) at the
fire, he said it was like Joice's breech, and examt. believeth that
the actors would not have done that murder but by countenance
of O'Reilly, that this was a common report; that the examt. 's
daughter observing Edmund O'Reilly to speak much of Joice, she
told this examt. she believed he (O'Reilly) was troubled with Joice.
Mary Wolverston, (pi-esent, swears) that it was reported
Christopher Toole was an actor in the murder at the Black Castle,

KECORDS OF THE 111011 COURT OF JUSTICE. 223

and she telling Edmund O'Reilly of the murder at Wicklow, he
Biiid it was accidental, and she pressing the contrary, he said
angrily, • WJiat have you to do to he so curious as to inquire after
such things ? ' Examt. was told by her daughter-in-law, Margaret
Wolverston, that, discoursing of "the murder, the said O'Reilly said
' there was more ado about the roasting of a company of chxirls
than about the committal of the good Lord Herbert then committed
at Dublin.' And her said daughter told her that a piece of pork
roasting at the fire and blistered, the said O'Reilly said it looked
hko John Joice'a breech. Examt. 's said daughter is a nun.

Lewis Davys. That Father O'Reilly and others of the clergy
did put Tibbot Toole on the murder at Wicklow, in which they
were actors, which the said Toole told this examt., he being then
a proctor in the county of Wicklow,

Richard Quin, (present, swears) that Edmund Duffe Birne,
etc., were said to be actors (in the murder), that he, Birne, went
first into the castle with Joice, drinking with him until night, and
that the next day Edmund O'Reilly came to Wicklow, (and it was)
reported he said that ' it teas little hurt that the churl was burnt,"
meaning John Joice. The examt. was one of the coroner's inquest,
and Thomas Ashpole told him then of the persons who did the
murder, who had been hi the said Ashpole's house.

Edmund Walsh. That Edmund Quin, priest, told this examt.
that Edmund Dufi'e Birne, etc., were drinking with John Joice in
the Castle of Wicklow, who made much of them on the day of the
murder. That the murderers did frequent the company of Edmund
O'Reilly, who never questioned them (for it), though he had power
in the country, nor were they excommunicated by him or by any
others. That Edmund DufTe Birne being charged by the examt.
with that murder, said he made some of the clergy acquainted with
it, but which of them he would not tell.

Dermot McWilliam Toole (first examination). That Tibbot
Toole told him that Edmund O'Reilly did put him (Tibbot) on to
that murder, the examt. said that Edmund O'Reilly was hke
enough to charge him with it, to which Tibbot said he feared him
not, he being in it as deep as any, (for) he did advise him.

Dermot Mac William Toole (second examhiation).

Brian Birne, (present, swears) he heard that Edmund Duflfe
Birne, etc., were drinking in the Castle of Wicklow the day of the
murder. (It was) reported that Edmund O'Reilly was tlie chief
adviser and procurer of the said murder to be committed (there),

224 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

and of the demolishing of the castle, that no more English garrisons
should be there. A warrant (was) signed by Edmund O'Keilly and
other commissioners, he first subscribing for raising the power of
the country, if need be, for obedience to that order.

Edmund Duffe Birne (prisoner), his first examination. That
two days before the murder he discoursed with Tibbot Toole and
others at a place called (illegible) concerning that business, and the
day of the action he was in the castle.

Edmund Duffe Birne (prisoner), his second examination.
That he, with the rest, were drinking till night at the Castle of
Wicldow, and that all being made prisoners, the examt. being
above stairs, heard a voice below, and, going down, found Joice and
the rest murdered, that he asking the rest, who brought him into
that action, how they durst enter on it, they answered they were
warranted by one of the chiefest men in the country, viz. Father
Edmund O'Reilly : that afterwards the examt. told O'Reilly that
Lieutenant- General {illegible) had sent to seize him, examt., and
O'Reilly answered, * You need not fear, I warrant you.' This was
in the garden of Balligarney.

Simon Archpole. That he was clerk and registrar to Father
Edmund O'Reilly when the murder was (committed) at Wicklow,
that he heard O'Reilly say he gave 31. of his own money towards
the breaking down of the Castle of Wicklow. Examt. heard that
some of the murderers came to O'Reilly to be absolved for that fact,
and that he did absolve them. That the castle was pulled down
about a month after the murder.

Henry Heny, (present, swears) that it was reported tliat
Edmimd Duffe Birne, etc., was of the actors in the murder at
Wicklow Castle. That Edmund O'Reilly was in Wicklow that
week that the murder was acted. That O'Reilly was at the
demolishing of the castle the summer after the murder,

Edmund O'Reilly (the prisoner's examination). That Tibbot
Toole and Edmund Duffe Birne coming to him to be absolved for
the murder at the Black Castle, he refused it, being forbidden by
the Common Law, etc.

Edmund O'Reilly. He demanding time for his defence until
the next day, it was granted, notwithstanding that it was not
usual, the evidence of the Commonwealtli having been opened.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 225

The Defence of Edmund O'Eeilly, rniEST,
September 7tii, 1G54.

He takes exception to the testimony of Luke Birne as being an
enemy mito him, the prisoner, who did note that at the beginning
of the rebelHon he, being at DubHn resident at that time, excom-
mmiicated the said Birne for living in adultery, and not for such
ends as is {sic) alleged. (In answer) to the second witness, Hugh
MacLaughlin, as to the prisoner's being at Ashpole's house the
day of the murder, Nicholas FitzGerald (is) produced by the
prisoner, (who saith) that he is most certain (that) the day of the
murder Edmund O'Eeilly Avas then at Eathdown, ten miles from
Wicklow ; that the night before the murder he, O'Eeilly, came to
the house of Mrs. Wolverston at Newcastle, the examt. being then
in his company and was his attendant at mass. He did hear
Edmmid O'Eeilly excommunicate all that were actors in that
murder about a month after.

(In answer) to Mr. Wickham's examination, (prisoner) denietli
hearing anything of Joice's murder until then, that examination
contradicted what was spoken by Wolverston of prisoner's being at
Wicklow the night of the murder, denietli he refused delivering
Wicklow Castle to Ormond, saith he was a friend to Joice and did
him good offices, denietli saying ' Wliat matter if the cJmrls were
hiirnt accidentally ? ' (In answer) to Edward Birne's examhiation,
prisoner saith he, Birne, was not committed for that cause (his
verdict on the inquest), but that he was charged with sending his
servant Sherin to Dublin with billets, and that for giving intelligence
to the enemy he was committed. Denietli that Edward Birne was
removed from the jury. (In support of this) Eichard Quiii is pro-
duced by prisoner, who having been one of that jury saith he did
not see any put out of it, or put in on the putting any out, and Peter
Wickham (is produced, who says) he was not present at the first
inquest.

James Biene, the examt. offered by Mr. Attorney, deposes that
he was coroner, and appointed a jury of which Edmund Birne was
foreman, that he, Edmund, being of a different judgment from
others, was called before Edmund O'Eeilly and others of the com-
missioners, and was put out, and another was put in his place,
being Walter Ijirne or Eichard Quin.

The prisoner (in rejoinder) allegeth that James Birne had this
information from Edward Birne, and he (prisoner) laboureth to

VOL. II. 4

226 THE IRISH massacres of leu.

weaken Edward Birne's testimony by denying his having offered
money for the bm-ial> as was said, and if false in that, he is not to
be beheved in other things. Saith, that Edward Birne beareth
mahce to him, the prisoner, for adjudging against him in a matri-
monial cause, and for living viciously, and that the prisoner there-
fore had put him out of employment. (In answer) to Edward Sherin
(prisoner says) he was servant to Edward Birne and (in answer) to
Andrew Kenny (it is) all but hearsay. (In answer) to Coole Toole as
to the demolishing of the castle, he saith nothing, as nothing is now
in question. He saith much inquiry was made' after the murderers
whom they (the witnesses against him) well knew, this was the fault
he found with them making ado about nothing, not doing therein
what should have been done. Denieth he found fault with Toole
or any for being inquisitive after the murderers. Saith, as to de-
molishing of the castle, it was not begun until nine months after the
murder, and not altogether until March following. Bichard Quin, again
produced by the prisoner, (saith) that the demolishing of the castle
was in October after the murder, which was in the December before ;
his cause of knowledge is that he was then portreeve of Wicklow,
and questioning Thomas Ashpole's absence from court he excused
himself as being then overseer of the work for pulling down the
castle of Wicklow.

In answer to Laughlin Quin prisoner saith he is a notable thief,
and that for a fact of that kind the examt. caused him to be bound
with withes, but after upon meditation released him, and on that
account he, Loughlin, feigns all that ho hath saith.

In answer to Simon Ashpole prisoner saith that ho, Simon, leaving
Ilia religion to please the enemy, he speaks against the prisoner
being a priest. Denieth giving SI. or any money towards the de-
molishing of the castle. The prisoner saith that he engaged for
Thomas Ashpole, who promised to pay 3Z. for {illegible) the castle.

In answer to Phelim MacTirlogh Birne denieth the contriving
of the murder, and in answer to Edmund Duft'o Birne, prisoner,
saith that he did not speak with those that acted in the murder
{illegible), and that if they said they had allowance from him (to com-
mit it), why did not Edmund Duffe Birne himself ask him (O'Keilly)
the question, often seeing him ? He assured them he believed it.'

' Edmund Duffe Birne having informed against his fellow-prisoner, Father
O'Reilly, and sworn that the murderers had told him, Edmund Duffe, that they
had the priest's permission to commit tho crime, O'Reilly asks why did not Edmund

RECORDS OF TTIE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 227

Edmund^Duffe Birne here saith tha,t he confessed to Edmund
O'Reilly that he was in the action at tlie Black Castle hut not in
the Wood there spilt, and that O'Reilly ahsolved him and enjoined
him penance hy saying some prayers and fasting. O'Reilly denieth
this or that he said ' I'll warrant you you need not fear,' or if he
said so it was hecause Hugh MacPhelim did never punish any one
for crime. ^

Mr. Attorney General {intervening) offered in further evidence
the examination of Tiegue MacMorrogh Birne that shortly after the
murder Edmund O'Reilly did send warrants for demolishing the
castle of Wicklow, and of John MacCahir Birne that he heard by
common report that the castle was pulled down by direction of
Edmund O'Reilly.

The prisoner Edmund O'Reilly's defence to this is that it was
no difficult matter to demolish the walls of that castle next the sea,
being of clay and stone easily cast down, and not needing much
labour. In answer to Christopher Wolverston and his wife ho
denieth his coming to Newcastle from Wicklow, but he came from
Rathdown to tlie other side of Newcastle. In answer to Lewis Davis
sa'th that what Toole said was false, in answer to Richard Quin
saith that he, prisoner, did speak those words about churls, etc.,
that he might gain an opportunity to prosecute the murderers more
freely, and in answer to Edmund Walsh prisoner denieth keeping
company with the murderers, and that they might be in the place
where ho was without that implying his conversing with them.
And the prisoner here (further saith) he did excommunicate all the
actors in that murder, and that it was a simple [i.e. foolish) question
of Edmund Walsh to ask, ' Would yo2i do such an action without the
advice of the clergy ? '

The Lord President (here saith) : But such things have been
done by the advice of the clergy, as the powder treason and this
rebellion, and this war is called (by them) helium religiosum.

Edmund Duffb Birne, prisoner, being demanded of that dis-
course, saith that he had discourse with Edmund Walsh, but doth

Duffo ascertain from him, wliom ho often saw, if tliis Avas true? arguing tliat as
ho did not his evidonco is inconsistent and false. There is much in this argument.
' V. anic, p. 223, -whcro Edmund DufFo enj'S O'Reilly spoko those -words to
encourage him and tlio rest of the murderers not to fear being punished by their
Lioutenant-Genoral, Ilugh Macrhelim Byrne, for the murder. Whatever we may
think of the truth or falsehood of this statement of Birue's, the admission of
Father O'Reilly that the Irish Lieutonant-General never punished murderers is
noteworthy for more reasons than one.

Q 2

228 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

not remember the particulars, and that he did never personally apeak
with any of the clergy in that business, but he was told by Tibbot
Toole, etc., that they had spoken with the clergy. Denieth that he
was excommunicated by O'Reilly.

Edmund O'Reilly, prisoner, saith that the excommunication
was spoken at mass, and he produced for witness

Alison Browne, who saith that she was present in Wicklow,
when Edmund O'Reilly spoke publicly against tlie murderers at
Wicklow, and said that he would go to Kilkenny to get them
{illegible).

Richard Quin being told by the said Alison that he was then
present and heard what she hath declared, he saith he remembereth
it not.

Cahir Toole saith he did never hear of any such excommuni-
cation.

A letter from Kilkenny, without date, was offered by Edmund
O'Reilly to the Court and read, (it saith) he did excommimicate
those that burnt the Castle of Wicklow. This (was writ) with
another ink and I think with another hand. In answer to Dermot
O'Toole prisoner saith if Tibbot Toole said so, it is false {illegible).
In answer to (illegible) Birne it is but by report and that private.

John Birne and Hugh Birne said in court that they did not
hear of any excommunication.

Sir Robert Talbot, present, swears that on the Treaty for
Peace, he being one of the Commissioners for it, Edmund O'Reilly
did write to them that if a course were not taken for punishing the
murder at Wicklow, God would not prosper them. Also at Kilkenny
Edmxmd O'Reilly did solicit proceedings in it {illegible), who gave
commissions for inquiry of it.

Captain John Bellevv^'s letter was offered by Edmund O'Reilly
in court, dated 12th June, 1652, mentioning that O'Reilly was the
great prosecutor (of the parties) in that murder.

Nicholas FitzGerald, produced by the prisoner, (swears) that
the prisoner did solicit Nicholas Plunket the lawyer to prosecute
(for) that murder,

TiRLOGH Reilly (swcai's) that prisoner did write by the examt.
to Mr. Belling concerning that murder {illegible), which letter he
delivered the same year the murder was committed. Examt.
heard from others that the murderers were excommunicated and
that prisoner was beneficial to the English, and not a murderer of
them.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 229

Mk. Pemdekton swears concerning Mr. Walworth, a minister
preserved (by prisoner), also lie preserved a trumpeter, Simon
Bellew, George Green, William Willings, and other English about
(illegible), he preserved an EngHshman at Arklow, in aiino 1G46 he
preserved a boy, anno 1G45 he preserved some in a frigate that was
cast on the coast of Wicklow, an {illegible) surgeon coming from Dub-
lin, a (illegible) coming from Dublin, Christopher FitzWilliams and
a boat at {illegible) belonging to [illegible) some cars of a company
going to Wicklow, a cow taken from one, (he also) preserved Mr.
Cornowall, a minister, Henry White, a minister at Arklow, another
old minister and Mr, ConAvay, a minister, and Mr. Eobert Conway.
He (prisoner) was courteous to Lieut. -Colonel {illegible), lent him
his sword and gained him the best respite he could. Lieutenant
Mason had respite by his (prisoner's) means. On Captain Hewetson
being wounded, and after ho died would have buried him. lie pre-
served one that would have been otherwise hanged at {illegible), he
brought to Dublin from Trim Mr. Eobert Lett's children, he pre-
served two soldiers of the name oi {illegible).

Edmund Duffe Bibne's defence (is) that he was of that party
but not in the murder.

TiKLOGH MacDeumot Birne. This now offered by Mr.
Attorney : That Edward Birne, the foreman of the jury, found
it murder. But afterwards it was found chance medley, and so
delivered in writing to the coroner.

Verdicts.

Edmund Reilly, a priest . . . Guilty.
Edmund Duff Birne ' . . . Guilty.

' Birne's fate is uncertain, but O'Reilly, as I have said {v. p. 172), received r
parJon and lived until 1669;

230 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF l(i4l.

LIST OF EXAMINATIONS TAKEN AGAINST CArTAIN
SANKEY' FOR THE MUEDER OF ONE EORY alias
JAMES MACGANAN {sic).

Exam, of Garrett FitzGarrett.
Exam, of Anstace Lojibard.
Exam, of Edward FitzGarrett.
Exam, of George King.
Exam, of Thomas Bourke.

To Thomas Herbert, C.C.

Sir, — This gentleman, Mr. John Farrell, is one in our order to
be aprehended (sic) and brought to Dublin for the High Court of
Justice, but these are to mind you that in the course of all the
examinations or the brief of them by which your orders are drawn,
you will find this gentleman had no hand in the murders, but only
it was desired he might be spoke withal, but yet notwithstanding
it was thought he should be sent for ; now, Sir, upon his importunity
and {illegible) having earnest occasion with Lieut. -General Farrell,
his brother, Major Eiehardson and I have taken the boldness to
give him leave to go to Dublin, where he will stay till Major
Richardson come with your prisoners, which I hope will be in a
few days, and I hope we shall give a good account of what we arc
entrusted withal. Sir, because you will have more at large very
suddenly I have spared to trouble you at this instant with any par-
ticulars. I pray, Sir, that this gentleman may have all the civil
icspect that may be, for I am confident there is nothing against
liim, and by those {illegible) and by those which he hath kept and

' lie seems to have Leon a nepliow of Colonel Jacob Sankey, the •well-kuown
Oromwellian officer. The nmrdered man -was probably a MacCaunan or MacCan.
i could ot find the verdict in this aiso.

RECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 231

delivered unto us as much as will be desired of him. And by the
examination of several witnesses it appears he hath been very kind
to several of the English and deserveth much respect for it. I
know, Sir, you may serve him in getting him discharged with all
convenient speed, after your prisoners are come to you, which I
desire your favour in, and I know you will the rather do when you
see the examinations which with all speed shall be sent unto yovi ;
which is all but to assure you, Sir, I am.

Your servant,

II. STorroRD,
Feb. 2nd, 1G52.

232 THE lEISII MASSACRES OF !G41.

LIST OF PKISONERS TRIED FOR MURDER BEFORE
THE HIGH COURT.

December, 1052.

Charles MacCartliy Reagli for the murder of John Burrows,
Andrew Rackham, Owen MacDermot, and John Phipps. — Not
Guilty.

John Oge Crowley for murder of John Phipps. — Not Guilty.

Dermot O'Mahony for murder of John Phipps. — Guilty.

Colonel Bourke for murder of two English at Callan. — Not
Guilty.

Patrick Boylan for murder of three English. — Guilty.

John Elliott for murder of Philip Gloster. — Guilty.

Richard Rourke, alias Raherty, for murder of three Englishmen,
names unknown. — Not Guilty.

James Goodman for murder of William Behane. — Guilty.

Edmund Brennan for murder of Christopher North, clerk, and
forty persons in a church at Castlecomer, also for the murder of
Anne Guest, three more English, Lewis Davis, and one Barnard. —
Not Guilty on all counts.

Colonel E. Fennell for murder of several persons at Cappoquin,
women and men. — Guilty.

John Brukler and Tiegue O'Holohan for murder of an English-
man.— Guilty.

John Long for murders at Belgooly.— Guilty.

Manus MacShee for murder of Thomas Reynolds. — Not Guilty.

Fineen Gibhon and Donogh Keefe for the murder of John
Baker and the Combes. — Gibbon, Guilty. Keefe, Not Guilty.

Richard Condon for the murder of one Morris, a sawyer, —
Guilty.

David Rawleigh for the murder of the Whites. — Guilty.

Redmond Roche and Phelimy O'Connor for the murder of Der-
mot {illegible). — Not Guilty.

HECORDS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 233

Garret Fit/Gerald for the nuu-der of William Atkins and two
others. — Not Guilty.

David O'Connell for murder of Ensign Miles Cooke. — Guilty.

Colonel Fennell for a murder at Ballinkea, and for the murder of
Ensign {illegible). — Guilty. For two maids at Dungarvan. — Not
Guilty.

John Lacy for the murder of Donogh O'Donoghue, Patrick
Doran, and Gregory Thomas. Deferred for further evidence to
Chief Justice Cooke's Session.

Dec. Uth, 1G52.

Sentence was this day pronounced in open court, whereby
twenty-four were acquitted, thirty-two condemned, and some re-
spited.

John Tyrell for murder of Philip Carr.— Guilty, by confession.

Edward Butler for murder of three Englishmen and two women.
■ — Guilty.

Charles MacCarthy for murder of Owen MacDermot, Carthy, the
question put whether the prisoner did know of the articles of pro-
tection given the said Owen. — Negative.

John Barnewall for murder of an Englishman.— Guilty.

Jan. 21th, 1G52, O.S.

Gerald FitzGerald for murder of Eicli. Price.— Guilty.

Patrick Begg murder of Rich. Langford.— Guilty.

John Talbot murder of Owen Healy.— Guilty.

Nicholas Sweetman murder of Nich. Smith.— Guilty.

Hugh Connor, alias Hugh MacDavid, for murder of John Taylor.
— Guilty.

Same for murder of Alexander Shine.— Guilty.

Luke Toole and Donogh Oge Birne and Charles Birne for the
murder of Edward Snape, Thomas Huntpage, and one Richard a
carpenter.— Luke Toole and Donogh Oge Birne, Not Guilty.
Charles Birne, Guilty.

Ambrose Connor nmrdcr of Mary Bax.— Guilty.

Captain Dudley Colley murder of John Brown.— Not Guilty.

Tiegue Molloy murder of Phihp Carr.— Guilty.

234 THE IKISII MASSACRES OF IGll.

Fch. 1G52.

Edward Fitz for the murder of Toby Emmett. — Guilty.

Liike Lynam murder of Richard Gaine. — Guilty.

Phelim MacTirlogh Binie for the murder of Dudley Birne. —
Guilty.

Sir Pliehm O'Neil for the rebellion, — Guilty.

For the murder of Lieut. James Maxwell and his wife, Bichard
Blaney, Brownlow Taylor, and Lord Caulfield. — Guilty.

March, 1G52.

Andrew White for the murder of John Wear. — Guilty.

Murtogh MacEdmond Birne for murder of John Leeson. —
Guilty.

Patrick Boylan for murder of George Blundell and five others.
— Guilty.

July, 1653.

John Keane for murder of Thomas Robson. — Guilty.

Dermot MacDonogh Birne for murders at the Black Castle of
Wicklow. — Guilty.

Donogh Magennis, alias Donogh the Smith, for Thomas Reade,
Thomas Taylor, Henry Reade his wife and son. — Guilty.

The Com-t adjourned to the 11th of August next, at nine of the
clock.

Augmt nth, 1G53.

Robert Pasraere and John ]\Iaguire for murder of Robert and
Ambrose Burton.

(blank) Nugent for a person whose name is unknown ; prisoner
saith he is not of Drumacree as alleged but of Nugent's [ille-
gible), and that John Nugent of Drumacree is the person charged.
Prisoner respited till inquiries are made.

Brian Farrell for Thomas Canning in 1044.

Nicholas Archbold for Robert Pont.

John Archbold for Thomas Potts.

September, 1G53.

Edmund Reilly, a priest, for murders at the Black Castle of
Wicklow on Doc. 29th, 1G45.— Guilty.

RECOI^DS OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 235

Edmund DufTe Birne for same. — Guilty.

Andrew Eafter and Bridget FitzPatrick for the murder of Mary
Harding and four of her children. — Andrew Eafter, Guilty. Bridget
FitzPatrick, Not Guilty.

October, 1653.

Eobert Passmere for murder of Thomas Cox. — Guilty.
Same for murder of Ambrose Eobert and Mr. Burton, a minister.
— Guilty.

Nov. 1G53.

Michael Doyne for murder of James Hamilton. — Guilty.

Dec. 1G53.

Lord IMuskerry for Mr. Deane and three others, and a woman
named Nora. — As to the matter of fact, Guilty. As to articles con-
sidered, Not Guilty. Same for Eoger Skinner. — Not Guilty.

May, 1G54.

Lord Muskerry for murder of a man and woman unknown. —
Not Guilty.

June, 1054.

Brian McCooker for William Norman. — Guilty.

Brian ]\IcEedinond for murder of Jane Leslie and her children,
20th May, 1G42.— Guilty.

Hugh ]\IcEicliard Farrell for the murder of Thomas Trafford
and others at Longford in 1G41. — Guilty.

Christopher Nugent for a person unknown. — Not Guilty.

Manus Duff MacMahon for William Williams, Gabriel Williams,
Ishell Jones, Thomas {illegible) at Carrickmacross, county Mona-
gluiu, 2nd January, 1G4L — Guilty.^

' The above is only a portion of tlio list in the Stcarno MSS., -which appears
to have hecn made out from day to day in the court hy Judge I;owther. In some
few cases the verdicts are not mentioned. For the murders at Carrickmacross and
Longford see Depositions XXIJI., XCVI., XCVII., etc.

230 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 16-11.

MISCELLANEOUS.

COMMONWEALTH BOOKS. P.R.O. DUBLIN.

(Vol. f, p. 07.)

Upon consideration had of the report made by John Santhy (sic)
and Thomas Fowler, Esquires, late Commissioners appointed for
holding the assizes in the Circuit of Connaught, whereby it appears
that at the assizes and gaol delivery holden at AthJone, for the
counties of Longford, Westmeath, and King's County, the 10th day
of April last, Jeremiah Stibbins, late a soldier in Captain William
Heydon's company, being disbanded and left to due course of law,
was indicted of treason for the murder of Tirlogh O'Byrne, a
carpenter, and the issue being referred to the trial of a jury, they,
upon the evidence before them, did return their verdict, and found
the said Stibbins guilty of manslaughter, per misadventure, so that
by the law he was adjudged to forfeit his goods and chattels to his
Highness the Lord Protector. And whereas information hath been
given to this board that the said Captain Heydon hath remaining
in his custody a debenture belonging to the said Stibbins, amount-
ing to about fifteen pounds,' which the said Commissioners did pro-
pound might be disposed of for the relief of the widow of the said
Tirlogh O'Byrne and his four orphans. And upon consideration had
of their poverty and distressed condition, it is ordered that the said
Captain Heydon do cause the said debenture to be delivered to the
said widow, or disposed thereof to the best advantage towards the
support of her and the said children. Dublin Castle, 0th July,
1665. Thom.\s Herbekt, Clerk of the Council.

' It is to bo remcraljerod that 1.5/. at that time was equivalent to at lei.et 150/.
of our present money.

MISCELLANEOUS. 237

{Ibid. r.R.O.)

Upon the petition of Daniel O'llagan, setting forth his constant
good affection to the Enghsh interest, and desiring he might be
dispensed with from transplantation into Connaught or Clare ; on
consideration had thereof, and of the report of the Committee for
transplanting, it appeared by certificates from several persons of
known integrity that the petitioner did expose himself to many
hazards of his life, against his kindred and relations, in the
beginning of the late horrid rebellion, and was, under God, a means
to preserve many of the poor English and Protestants from the
bloody massacre, and hath continued always faithful to the English
interest. To the end, therefore, that so singular an example of
kindness and affection may not be left unrewarded, it is thought
fit and ordered that the said Daniel O'Hagan be dispensed with
from transplantation into Clare or Connaught, and likewise that
he be recommended to those in chief authority in England for a
mark of their favour unto him. And, in the meantime, that the
Commissioners of Kevenue at Belfast do, out of the lands of Arthur
(Art) O'Neil, in the county of Antrim, set out and make and perfect
a lease of some part thereof unto the said Daniel O'Hagan, for a
term of seven years from May next, (paying contributions) as they
shall judge to be of the clear yearly value of 50/. per annum.
Dublin, Gth March, 1G53. Chakles Fleetwood, Miles Cokbet,
John Jones.

(Ibid. P.K.O.)
To the Committee of the Comvwmvealth in Ireland.

Gentlemen, — Having received the two enclosed petitions and
papers of John Prtndergast and the widow Brooke, whose cases
have been so represented to me, which, if true, deserve some tender
regard. Wherefore I thought fit to recommend them to your con-
sideration, that they may be permitted to reside on and enjoy their
present estates and habitations, unless there be some instant cause
to the contrary.

However, I would have their transplantation to be suspended
until I receive from you an accompt of their particular cases and
conditions, and that you receive further order therein.

Your loving friend,
Whitehall, 22ud March, 1G53. Oliver P.

238 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 10 11.

{Ibid. P.E.O.)
To the Bight Hon. the Lord Dejjuty.^

Deab Charles, — This poor man's case, if it be as it is repre-
sented in his petition, is very sad and deserves to be pitied. I
believe him in great extremity of want and poverty, and therefore
I earnestly desire you to take his condition into your considera-
tion, and let something be eflfectually done for him, whereby he and
his family may have a subsistence ; indeed, I have been much
affected with the sense of his distressed condition, and therefore
pray do not forget to take some course for his relief,

Your loving father,

Oliver P.
Whitehall, 10th May, 1G55.

{Ibid. P.R.O.)
For the Bight Hon. the Lord Deputy and Council in Ireland.

My Lords and Gentlemen, — The enclosed petition being pre-
sented to us by Colonel Jephson, we could do no less than earnestly
recommend the same unto you, judging it very reasonable, and a
matter of great justice if what is alleged therein be made appear
unto you upon the place, that the orphan Tibbot Roche be restored
to the possession of his father's lands and estate, and that some other
lands in Ireland not yet disposed of bo assigned to those officers
and soldiers to whose lot the lands of the said orphan are fallen
for satisfaction of their arrears. We shall not need to use any
further arguments to press you to this our desire, the case itself as
represented being so just and equitable, we rest.

Your very loving friend,

Oliver P.
Hampton Court, \Q>th July, 1G55.

{Ibid. P.R.O.)

To Colonel Phaire.

Receiving intelligence of the return of the Lord Mn skerry and
Colonel Callaghan into this country, and of their declining their

' This letter was addressed to Fleetwood on behalf of one James IJarry, a
native of Cork or Kerry.

MISCELLANEOUS. 239

former intentions for the transporting of men, we have thought it
lit and shall desire you inunediately to send both of them up with
a safe convoy to Dublin, that so we may understand something
more further from themselves of their present resolution ; in the
doing whereof we shall desire you that all civil respects may be
shown unto them, we remain, etc.,

M. C, C. F., J. J.'
DicbUn, VJth Feb. 1G52.

' i.e. Miles Corbet, Charles Fleotwood, and John Jones.

240 THE IRISH JMASSACRES OF 1041.

CATHOLIC ACCOUNTS OF THE MASSACEES.

I feel it is only fair to give the following liitliorto unpublished
accounts of the massacres at Cashel, Shrule, and other places which
are amongst the Carte MSS. in the Bodleian Library. The first
and fourth appear to have been drawn up by Mr. Kearney, a native
of Tipperary, and the brother of a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic, for
the information of the Duke of Ormond, when he was Viceroy after
the Restoration, and engaged in carrying out the Act of Settlement.
The rest appear to have been written by an Irish Catholic during
the Commonwealth period. As all four accounts are largely com-
posed of hearsay reports of what took place fifteen or sixteen years
before, they must be received with caution and carefully compared
with the sworn depositions given in vol. i. p. 388-08, vol. ii. p. 42-
46. At the same time it is evident that the Catholic writers in cer-
tain cases honestly relate what they had seen for themselves, and
thus we can in turn check the hearsay in the earlier depositions by
their testimony and discover when it is false. On one point it will
be seen that those contemporary accounts drawn up betAveen 1650
and 166G by Roman Catholic Irishmen are in perfect accord with the
depositions and flatly contradict the declamatory assertions of certain
Roman Catholic writers and orators of the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. While these latter, as boldly imaginative on their side
as Sir John Temple was on his, profess to have discovered that
no massacres of Protestants took place, that the soldiers in the
Irish army ' never massacred • one Protestant in cold blood,' Mr.
Kearney and his co-r^ligionists Avho lived through the civil war
never dream of denying that cruel massacres of unarmed Protestants
Avere committed not only, as Father Walsh ^ admitterl, in Ulster but

' Bird's-eye VUw of Irish History, p. 117, l»y Sii" C. G. Duffy.
* ' Youi- Grace,' says Walsh the Franciscan friar, writing to Ormond, 'knows
with what horror tlio Irish nation looks upon the massacres and murders in tlio

MISCELLANEOUS. 241

at the Silver Mines, Shrule, Casliel, ami other places, and even
describe at length how, as they believe, the vengeance of God fell on
the murderers, who managed to escape the arm of the law. Sir
Charles Gavan Duffy draws a terribly sensational picture of the
slaughter at the taking of Cashol by Murrogh O'Brian, Lord Inchi-
quin, but omits what the better informed Irish Catholic contem-
porary of Inchiquin takes care to mention, that one at least of
those who fell on the ' Rock,' Tiegue 0 'Kennedy, had been a chief
actor in the cold-blooded massacre of the thirty-two unarmed poor
men, women, and children at the Silver Minos. If all of the
murderous brood who committed that massacre had fallen by the
swords of Inchiquin and his soldiers, it would have been, even in
the judgment of not a few of their better disposed Eoman Catholic
contemporaries, too honourable a death for them.

To His Grace the Dicka of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant oj Ireland.

Humbly presented : I find that the first insurrection in the
county of Tipperary was on the Eve of the Presentation of the
Virgin, being the 20th of November, 1G41, when a great many of
the common sort and many young idle fellows of the barony of
Eliogarty, some of the barony of Middlethird, and some of Kilne-
managh, gathered into a body and took away a great number of
cows and sheep from Mr. Kingsmill from Ballyowen, whereof notice
being sent to Sir William St. Leger, then Lord President of
Munster,> being brother-in-law to Mr. Kingsmill, he, within two or
three days after, came with two troops of horse to Ballyowen, and
being informed that the cattle were driven into Eliogarty he
marched that way, and as he set forth he killed three persons

north committed at tlio beginning of tlie rebellion by the rascal multitude upou
their innocent, unarmed, and unprovided neighbours .... all unbiassed men dis-
tinguish between the first conspirators that were a handful of hare-brained men
of broken fortunes and desperate resolution, who took up arras and made the
crime of rebellion more horrid by the foul actions with which the rude multitude
did asperse \t:~The Irish Colours Folded and Tracts of Irish History from 1655
to 1682. British ]\[usoum Library. Father Walsh, it must be remembered, was
iiore writing his own opinion, not that of his Church, which excommunicated him
for his candour.

' V. Carte's Life of Ormond and Liters, vol. v. for St. Leger's own despatches
relating his pursuit of the rebels on this occasion, and Appendix Y.

VOL. II. ^

242 THE IRISH MASSACKES OF IGll.

at Ballyowen, who were said to have stolen some mares of Mv.
Kmgsmill's, and near it at Grange he killed 'four innocent labourers,
and at Ballygalbert he hanged eight persons, and burned several
houses there, and with much importunity and intercession the life
of Mr. Morris Magrath, a well-bred gentleman, being one of the
grandchildren of Archbishop Milerus, was saved, it being plainly
proved he had no hand in the prey. And from thence Captain Peasley
with some of the troops marched to Ardmaile {sic) and there killed
seven or eight poor men and women, and thence marched to Clonulta,
and there killed the chief farmer of the place, being Philip Ryan, a
very honest and able man, not at all concerned in that insurrection.
And thence they marched to Gowlyn {sic) and there killed and hanged
seven or eight of Dr. Fenning's tenants, and burned many houses in
that town. And in all this march the Lord President and Peasley
took up all the cattle of the inhabitants they met, being great
numbers, and sent them to the county of Cork. After this service
the President about the 25th of November went to Clonmell, where
Captain Peasley with his troop met him, and the prime nobility
and gentry of the country being surprised at this rash and bloody
proceeding of the Lord President, many of them flocked after him
to Clonmell, as James Lord Dunboyne, Thomas Butler of Kilconnell,
James Butler of Killslaugher, Theobald Butler of Ardmaile, Eichard
Butler of Ballynakill, Philip O'Dwyer and divers others of good
quality, and observed to the President how he had exasperated the
people generally to run from house and home, and that they were
gathering in great numbers together, not knowing what to trust to.
And that they the aforesaid gentlemen waited upon his lordship to
be informed how affairs stood, and that they coveted nothing more
than to serve his Majesty and preserve the peace, and desired that
he would be pleased to qualify them with authority and arms, and
that they would suppress the rabble and preserve the peace. But
he, in a furious manner, answered them that they Avere all rebels,
and that he would not trust one soul of them, but thought it more
prudent to hang the best of them, and in that extraordinary passion
he continued, while those and divers other persons of quality, their
neighbours, waited on him. And they withdrawing returned to
their several habitations much resenting his severity and the un-
certainty of their safety. And then suddenly the President marched
from Clonmell unto Waterford, hearing that some of the Irish of
Carlow, Kilkenny, and Wexford went over the river into that county
to plunder and prey some of the English. Li which march his

MISCELLANEOUS. 243

soldiers killed many harmless poor people, not at all concerned in
the rebellion, which also incensed the gentry of the county Water-
ford to betake themselves to their defence.

After the President returned to the county of Cork, the gentry
of Tipperary considering the violence of his proceedings, and the
aptness of the vulgar sort under colour thereof to plunder their
English neighbours, laboured within their various jurisdictions for
a while to suppress these insolences. But notwithstanding all their
care the common sort grew so addicted to plunder that they found
a body of about 500 of them together, and marched towards Cashel,
in order to take that city and plunder the English. But several of
the gentlemen of quality in that country, and some of the Catholic
clergy of Cashel, hearing of their resolution met them ' in their march,
and by fair words and sermons dissuaded them from that wicked
attempt' and by that means dispersed them. But soon after Philip
O'Dwyer of Dundrum, alleging that he could not keep those of his
country at peace, pretending that they could not sleep safely in their
houses, while Cashel was a receptacle for the President's troops to
come thither and rush amongst them and destroy them, as they did
their neighbours, Philip Eyan and others, he, Philip Dwyer, gathered
a body of people of the county together on the 30tli of December,
1G41, marched to Cashel and took the place. And they endeavouring,
as it is said, to secure the goods of all the English inhabitants there
and to put them together into a storehouse, whether with his com-
mand or against his will (lam not certain),^ some of the rabble that
went with him to Cashel, finding out some of the English there,
killed thirteen of them, viz. William Bean and his servant Thomas
Sadler, William Bousfield and his wife, John Banister, Mr. Carr,
John Lentre, Eichard Lane, John Anderson, Mr. Franklin {illegible),
a joiner, and John Fawkes.'

But all the rest of the English were saved by the inhabitants,
and by the Eoman Catholic clergy of the town, who in the streets
exposed themselves to rescue them. Some of those preserved were

• None of the dcposiLions, not evou that of the Catholic Maj-or of Cashel iu
1641-2, Nicholas Sail, meutiou a word of this.

^ Gilbert Johnstone's deposition (CXLV.) sajs that Dwyer was looking on
wliile soma of those murders were committed.

* EUish Meagher's deposition (CXLVI.) sa3's that to her knowledge twentj--
three persons, including old women and children, were murdered, and that sho
saw their corpses in the streets of Cashel, while a number of others were subjected
to the most barbarous treatment, stripped not only of their clothes, but of the
bandages and ]-ilasters they had put on their wounds.

e2

244 TIIE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

Dr. Pullen and his wife and cliildren, who were protected hy the
Jesuits,' [illegible) Darling and one Bankes by Richard Conroy, Row-
land Lynch and his wife and children by William Kearney ; James
Hamilton, the Archbishop's son, and his mother and sister, and
{illegible) and Daniel and Mrs. Brown and others at Mrs. Young's
house. Mr. Mooney his wife and daughter, John Morewood and
his wife, Mrs. Moore, Laughlin Fislce and his wife, Toby the cooper
and several others whose names I yet find not.

The preservation of Dr. Pullen by the Papists is taken notice of
in Sir James Ware's books die iiossibilie Ilibernice {sic), and divers
of the poor English were preserved by Joseph Everard and Redmond
English, two Franciscan friars in their chapel,'* some under its
altar, which was proved in Cromwell's time upon the trial of the
said Father English, whereupon he was acquitted and permitted to
live in the country, and the like privilege was accorded to Father
Joseph Everard, as Colonel Sankey well knows.

And soon after the said English persons so preserved were by
a guard of the Irish inhabitants of Cashel safely * conveyed to the
county of Cork as they desired. And in their marcli some of tlie
convoy were wounded in preserving them from the violence of the
rabble that met them on the mountains. For this murder at Cashel,
at a Court at Clonmell, about the 8th of November, 1652, Colonel
Tiegue O'Meagher, Lieutenant-Colonel Donogh O'Dwyer, Theobald
Butler, Hugh Ryan, Ulick Bourke and others, were tried and con-
victed and soon after executed : some at Clonmell, some at Cashel.
And at another assizes James Bourke of Scartfield was convicted
and executed for the said murder. James Hamilton, the Arch-
bishop's son, who now lives in Dublin, and was an eye-witness of

" One copy of a deposition made by a maidservant in Cashel says that a Jesuit
father exerted himself to s-ave the lives of some of his Protestant neiglibours,
and Dr. Pullen, a Protestant clergyman, made a deposition to the same effect. No
other Jesuit is mentioned in the depositions as aiding the Cashel Protestants. |

^ I could find no mention of those Franciscans in any of the dopositious or in
the Records of the High Court of Justice, 60 far as I had time to search them.
If the two fri;irs performed such great services to the Protestants it is strange
that they are not mentioned in the depositions where the Jesuits' services to Dr.
Pullon are recorded. The only authority for F. Everard and F. English's services
seems to be the above document amongst the Carte MSS., but the writer of it
appeals so confidently to Colonel Sankey as a witness to the truth of what he
states, that it is difficult to doubt hira.

• EUish Meagher's deposition says some of them were murdered, and others
treated with atrocious cruelty, v. ante, p. 42,

:MiscELLAxr.ous. 245

t]ie barbarous proceedings at Casliel, can, if ho pleases, give your
Grace a perfect account of them. His father Archibald and his
brother William and others were gone away before Cashel was
taken, and his brother Lewis was left with Edward Sail of Cashel.
The 1st day of January, 1641-2, a rabble of people Hocked into
Fethard and seized on the keys of the gate, there being but few
English inhabitants in this town, such as ]\Ir. Loe, the minister,
and his family, Mv. Robert Hamilton, a minister, and his family,
Ivobcrt Powell and John Lubb, and their families ; they were all
secured and preserved, but such of their goods as they had not
before placed by way of trust in the custody of their Irish neigh-
bours were seized upon and put up in a castle or tower, and James
Lord Duuboyne hearing of the violence committed at Fethard, did
the next day go thither and dispersed the rebels, and set the
]!^nglisli at hberty, and at their request sent Mr. Hamilton and his
family safe to the Lady, then Countess, now Duchess of Ormond,
who took them with Mrs. Loe and her children, and divers other
English families, soon after safe to Dublin. The Powells and
Lobbs and their family were safely conveyed where tliey desired,
and Mr, Loe preferred to be left at his landlord's, Geoffrey Mockler's,
Jiouse of Mocklerstown, in hopes the times would grow calmer, but
unfortunately lie afterwards went in Mr. ]\lockler's company to
Fethard, and Mr. Mockler having unfortunately left him there,
as he thought in safe hands, his own occasions calling him to
Clonmell, Mr. Loe most inlunnanly and barbarously was at night-
time taken out of his lodgings and cruelly inurdered by a com-
pany of rebellious rogues, which were discovered to be Thomas
Quigley, James MacHugh, Eichard Nagle, Donogh Markey,
and others. And afterwards the first three of the murderers
Avere, by the inquiry and care of Mr. Mockler, ]\ir. Loe's son, and
by some of the inhabitants of Fethard, brought to judgment and
oxecuted. , , .

In the monlh of December, 1641, the English in the towns of
Clonmell and Carrick were preserved, and no blood spilt or plunder
suffered, and so was Waterford, Dungarvan, Kilkenny, Callan, and
Gowran, only that some of the rebels fell to plunder at Kilkenny,
which when the Lord Mountgarret heard he rushed among them
and shot one Richard Cantwell to death, which stopped their fury.
I find that Sir George Hamilton the elder, having kept several
families to work the Silver Mines at Doonally, in the county
Tipperary, several of the Kennedys and others in their company

246 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

most inhumanly and cruelly murdered sixteen ^ of these poor people.
I cannot yet find certainly in what month this murder was com-
mitted, but have sent to know, and hope soon to be directly
informed, and though these murderers were not brought to justice
according to the due course of law, yet by the just judgment of God
they all came to very sad ends.

After the taking of Cashel, as before mentioned, several of the
prime gentry of the county Tipperary had several meetings in
January, 1G41, and agreed to raise several foot companies, and
appointed officers over them, and invited the Lord Viscount Moimt-
garret, whom they heard had a commission from the justices to
raise men, to be their general, upon which his lordship, about the
latter end of January, 1641, came with fifteen companies of foot
to Cashel, where, and in his rendezvous at Menenerla, in Clan-
william, some of those of Tipperary joined him. In his march he
appointed a company to block John Wise, one White, and others,
who kept the castle of Ballyowen, and used to plunder some of the
neighbours at night, and in the day-time appeared on the roads in
women's apparel and robbed and killed some. Wise happened to
be shot as he was going out of the castle, and afterwards White
delivered it up to the Irish. And then also Lord Mountgarret
ordered a company to block in a company of the English that had
got together into the castle of Goelyn, who also burned and plun-
dered some of their neighbours. From his rendezvous at Menenerla,
Lord Mountgarret marched to the castle of Cnockardan, kept by the
sons and servants of one Thomas Groves ; he summoned them to
yield, which they refusing, after two days' resistance, they surren-
dered upon a promise of life and arms, which was performed to
them, and their goods given to the soldiers. In the taking of this
castle the second son of Mr. FitzGerald of Burntchurch was killed.

Before Mountgarret returned from the west, the poor English at
Goelyn Castle being straitened for want of victuals, and despairing
to be relieved, such of them as were able to march went on a dark

' Anna Sherring's deposition says that thirty-two persons, including her
husband, ten women, and four children, Avere mui-dered at the Silver Mines on this
occasion, v. Deposition CXLIV. For the fate of their Kennedy murderers v.
p. 251. The Kilkenny depositions prove that cruel murders took place in that
county, and that Cantwell was active in committing them, notwithstanding Lord
Mount garret's exertions. The proofs that heshot Cantwell, however, are slender.

MISCELLANEOUS. 247

niglit unawares to the besiegers, and made their escape with theii*
arms, but they were met the next day in the mountains by James
Butler of Ruskeagh, who killed some of them ' and took others
prisoners, whereof he hanged a Scotsman, for which the said James
Butler was tried, convicted, and hanged at Clonmell, at a gaol
delivery before Colonel Sankey and others. And for the poor men,
women, and children left behind at Goelyn Castle, that were not
able to go, the barbarous fellows that blocked them in most traitor-
ously and inhumanly murdered them, the certain number of these
murdered I find not, but I hope soon to know it. And because the
company that did besiege the castle did belong to Pierse Butler of
Shanballyduffe, and James Butler of Boytonrath, the said James
and Pierse, Thomas the eldest son of Pierse, and one Patrick
Keane, were in Cromwell's time, anno 1G53, tried, convicted, and
executed at Clonmell for the same barbarous butchery, though they
were not present at it, yet their being officers of the company was
suilicient to convict them. One George Cooke and his brother
llobert kept the castle at Breakstown, and Robert being upon the
battlement in September, 1G42, was shot by one of the soldiers that
blocked them up, and the castle surrendered in October, 1012.

These are the chiefest and all the violent actions I can find to
have been done in the county of Tipperary in the first year of the
rebellion.

And I do find that several of the English were preserved by
some of the Irish there, as Sir Richard Everard, Bart.,^ before the
rebellion had planted the most part of his estate with English
tenants, and at the beginning of it, observing the force and violence
of the Irish to be so great that he was not able to protect all the
English from the violence of the rabble, at first he sent away such
of them as w^cre able and rich with all their stock and other goods
to the English quarters, and there being families of them that were
poor and unable to remove, as many as 88 persons, the said Sir
Richard kept and maintained them until the middle of June, 1G42,
at his own charges, and not being able to protect them longer
against the violence of the storm, he conveyed them and their goods
safely to the English garrison at Mitchelstown. And when that
garrison was taken by the Irish, Sir Richard sent to some of the

' For tlicse nmnlers v. Deposition CXLV.

^ Soveral depositions confirm tlio account licrc given of Sir Richard Everard's
conduct. lie was, I liolieve, the brother of the friar already mentioned as having
saved some lives atCashel. His daughter married the son of the Kuightof Kerry,

248 THE IT^ISII MASSACRES OF lOJl.

families there that were very poor to come to him, whom he kept
and maintained a long time, and then sent them away to the place
they desired to go to. And as soon as the Cessation was made
some of those poor tenants came back to him, and he settled and
maintained them till Cromwell came to the country. All Avhich
was snflficiently proved by several persons in the Court at Athlone,
when Sir Richard was upon his trial of qualifications, and that he
was a common harbourer of the poor English in their distress, and
that he was neuter for the first two years, and that several of his
houses were rifled and burnt for his opposing the Irish, and that
they took away from him IGO cows, 88 stud marcs, and 2,000 sheep,
all which can be fully proved if mat.erial. The Lady Viscountess of
Thurles preserved some English. Thomas Tobin of Kilgenemanagh
preserved many English families at Clorhane, Jolni Hackctt of
Ballyskittane preserved two or three English families, as Piuth
Hope's, John Moore's, (blank) Fiske's. And John Campbell of
Ballynakeady preserved some, as did Dr. Fcnnell. — (Carte MSS.)

II.

On January 1st, 1G41, Fethard was surprised by Theobald Butler,
commonly called the Baron of Ardmayle, by drawing thither in
small parties, such as he intrusted, of the vulgar sort of the barony
of Middlethird, without any suspicion had by Martin Hacket, the
governor of the town, or any of the burgesses or inhabitants. The
honest and simple magistrate was seized in his own house, the keys
forced from him by the Baron, who opened the gates and let in a
throng of his adherents, about 1,000, armed some with swords and
skeans, most with dubs and pikes. The lower sort of them, and
especially one Theobald Butler FitzTheobald, fell to plundering the
English inhabitants, viz. Eobert Hamilton, minister of the town, a
Scot, G. Loe, minister of Clonyn and three parishes, Bobert Powell,
John Lobb, and five others, in which Theobald Butler had the
greatest share, pretending to be an okl soldier and to have served
in Ulster in the disbanded army of the Lord Strafford, and usurping
the office and name of Quartermaster-General. Hamilton was kept
in restraint some days, and also minister Loe, and then Hamilton
was sent with his wife and children under a safe-conduct to
Carrickmagrissy {sic), where the Countess of Ormond then resided,
and went thence in her ladyship's company to Dublin, where he
deposed before the mayor impious falsehoods, and several gentle-

MISCELLANEOUS. 249

men of Tipperai-y with being at the surprisal who were not there,
particularly one Mr. St. John of St. Johnstown (who died yesterday,
being Gth of February, 165G, at Kilbride, at the house of his second
son, Oliver St. John '), and whom he, Hamilton, calls a colonel and
puts at the head of 500 men bearing the name of soldiers, in the
market-place of that town upon its surprisal. Whereas it is gene-
rally known to the chief hihabitants of Fethard that Mr. Eobert St.
John was not there at all, and was of so temperate a disposition
that he scarce ever wore so much as a defensive sword, and loved
his ease so well that he scarcely ever appeared at any pubhc meeting
of the barony of ]\liddlethird, and had no ambition but to enjoy liia
estate, which he derived from his ancestors many centuries ago, and
all his discourse to me, who was one of his nearest neighbours, was,
that he would have nothing to do in those wars, and that whoever
had Cashel, Clonmell, and Fethard he would submit to him, and to
my own special knowledge he had no personal intermeddling with
tliat war, otherwise than in paying his contributions. Yet upon
Hamilton's false information, against which no appeal or traverse
would be admitted without a bribe, he was by the Commission
lately sitting at Athlone declared a • nocent,' and deprived of two-
thirds of his estate, and was so harassed with his own and his son's,
John St. John's fruitless attendance for redress, that he died before
his time of grief and want.

James Butler, the now unfortunate Baron of Dunboyne, lying
the night that Cashel was taken at Ballyshiaghane, overslept him-
self luckily in the morning, and a gentleman, a neighbour intimate
with him, sprinkling him with some drops of water as he lay in
his bed, he resented it, rose in a passion, and would not go to
the surprise of Cashel, but returned to his house of Kiltynane.
In his return passing near Fethard, and hearing the town was sur-
prised by the Baron of Ardmayle, his lordship being chief com-
mander of the barony of Middle third, by special grant made to some
of his ancestors for services performed to the Crown of England,
took on him the command of Fethard, and made his brother, Mr.
Thomas Butler, governor of it, and sent out the disorderly rabble that
came with the Baron of Ardmayle, and Mr. Piers Butler of Rathcoole
(next the baron the chiefest of the surprisers) placed in it a garrison
and guard of the ablest persons, protected the British inhabitants

' A note to this says : ' Robert St. John died at Kilbryde, February 6th, 1656,
and was buried the next day at St. Augustine's Abbey near Fethard.'

250 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

from further plundering, freed tliem from restraint, sent I\Ir. Loe to
his landlord, Mr. Geoffrey Moclder of Mocklerstown, with his wife
and family, as also the Powells and John Lobb to a place of safety
as they desired, towards Youghal. And so ordered the matter that
there was not one man, woman, or child killed in that enterprise,
and the goods pillaged wore returned with little or no charges, and
satisfaction fully made to the sufferers, not by the actors, but by
the better sort of people in the town ; only Pierse Butler, as he
pi'etended, out of friendship to Hamilton, kept all his cattle tliat he
possessed in Ballynteample, parcel of Eathcoole, and at Mylctonne
(sic). G. Loe, Vicar of Clonyn, coming a pretty while after from
Myletonne to Fethard, was murdered in his bed (as he lay there)
by one James MacHae, a carpenter, and another, while he was fast
asleep, and carried out folded in a coverlet, or forced to walk with
them, to Crump's Bridge (a pretty distance to the east of Fethard),
and there they threw his body into the river. Great search was
made after the murderers by Mr. Geoffrey Mockler, and by Robert
Bysset, in whose house the murder was committed, and James
MacHae being suspected, Mr. Mockler gave information against him
to the Lord Ikerrin, then Lieut. -General to Lord ]\Iountgarret, who
committed him to prison to the county gaol, whence escaping he lived
in Leinster, and coming to Kilkenny was known by an inhabitant of
Fethard and committed by the governor. But denying himself to
be MacHae, he was sent to Clonmell to have the fact cleared, denied
the murder at first, but at last owned it, and discovered his accom-
plice, Avho was drawn and quartered at Clonmell, as MacHae was at
Fethard on a gibbet erected near the place of the murder. Before
he was imprisoned by Lord Ikerrin he had been taken up at
Fethard, but an officer, pretending he was one of his soldiers, took
him out of prison, and, marching with the other Tipperary forces,
he was then known and seized.

In December, 1G41, the city of Kilkenny was surprised by the
Lord Mountgarret, who fortunately died soon after the yielding up
of Galway, thereby preventing the execution intended him. He
never thought of permitting plunder, yet the vulgar sort flocking
after him plundered English, Irish, Papist and Puritan alike, with-
oiit distinction, which all the generals with him could do could
not prevent, though they did the shedding of blood. His lord-
ship published prohibitions against pillaging, and one Eichard
Cantwell (descended from Mr. Richard Cantwell of Paynestown, in
the barony of Slieveardagh, a gentleman while he lived of great

MISCELLANEOUS. 251

esteem for liis hospitality and good parts) transgressing his inhibi-
tion ho (Lord Mountgarret) shot him dead with his pistol, having
no respect of persons, or regard to friendship and dependency in
such a public concennnent, though. he would not for 500^. have lost
that person so killed, being an able and very active young man, and
a brother of Mr. John Cantwell, the late abbot of the abbey of Holy
Cross, whom his lordship for sundry respects much favoured and
respected.

Dermot O'Kennedy of Dounarieke {sic) in the barony of Upper
Ormond, dying before these distempers, happened to have seven
sons. These seven combining together, without any provocation,
came suddenly into the dweUing-houses of Dounarieke aforesaid,
and massacred sixteen ' honest and civil miners, and refiners, hired
to work at the Silver Mines, under the oversight of Sir George
Hamilton, who not submitting until near his decease to the course
of government established by the confederate Catholics, and the
poor man having no near relation to prosecute, the murderers
escaped a legal punishment, for which the magistrates appointed by
the confederate Catholics are not to be excused ; yet they escaped
not the judgment of God, for 1st, John O'Kennedy, the elder
brother of the seven, having attempted several ways of preferment
in Munster, Leinster, and Ulster, where he bore the name of a
colonel to uphold himself, and received the profits of his estate of
Duneally, and the lead of that mine, all could not maintain him in
any decency, so debasely addicted (was he) to swearing, tipphng,
and plundering, that with a party of thieves and tories he wasted
his native country, and cruelly oppressed Upper Ormond, and at last
was killed in an action and beheaded, his head put upon a stake,
and his body left to the fowls of the air.

2ndly. Henry O'Kennedy, the second brother, followed the out-
rageous courses of his elder John in rapine, troubled in conscience
for it, ran headlong desperately into the Shannon and was drowned.

3rdly. Kenny, the third brother, not inferior to the former in
mischief, being committed to the shire gaol at Limerick, did indeed
before his trial make his escape, but so odious was he to his neigh-
bours that he has not been inriuired after, nor is it known what has
become of him.

' V. note to p. 246, and Deposition CXLIV., showing that thirty-two persons,
of whom ten were women, and four children, were murdered at the Silver Mines.

252 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF KUl.

4th. Donogli, the fourth brother, though a Franciscan by voca-
tion, yet joining with his brothers, so infectious is iniquity, was of
late mifortunately killed.

5th. Edmond, thefiftli brother, a Franciscan too, but an associate,
died lately, I pray God that he ended his days like a good Christian.

6th. Tiegue, the sixth brother, was killed at St. Patrick's rock,
when surrounded by Lord Inchiquin's forces.

7th. William O'Kennedy, the seventh brother, though yet living,
is credibly believed to have in the first year of the late civil war
kiHed sixteen innocent persons by treachery, besides what he did at
the Silver Mines.

A like cruel massacre upon the poor English men, women, and
some young children was committed at the Castle of Goellyn {sic)
Bridge in the barony of Clanwilliam, in the county of Tipperary,
after that the English warders, having formerly l)y burning and
spoiling much injured their neighbours, ran away from there, those
weak, feeble persons not able to go after them, being found tliore
the next day, as the report then was, is since continued, and by the
English especially accepted for truth, some of whom were killed,
and others cast alive into a deep hole or pit and covered with earth
and stones, aiid some young children, at least one infant of a goodly
aspect, cast over the bridge into the river Suir and drowned . . .
the actors in this crime were never since nor in Cromwell's time
called to account for it . . . but James and Pyers Butler, Thomas
Oge Butler, and Patrick Keane (leaders in the siege of the castle)
were condemned and executed at Clonmell, 10th IMay, 1G58. Thomas
Butler FitzJohn and Eichard Bourke were acquitted on proof that,
they being of the company that blocked the castle, yet out of their
affection to the English interests and government relieved the
warders with ammunition and victuals. Piers Butler, who was
{illegible) just before the deserting of the castle, was at his trial so
weak that he could hardly stand or speak, he died a lloman Catholic.
His son Thomas, idly talking at his trial of his and Patrick Kcan's
being wounded at the siege of the castle as they were viewing the
outworks (for the evidence did not go so far), occasioned their con-
viction. James Bourke, the informer against them, was descended
of good parents in the county Limerick, and married one of the
Hacketts of Cashel, widow of Mr. Bourke of Scartvicfoyle {sic), in
Clanwilliam, whose estate and means he lavished, and then follow-
ing unruly courses, fell upon a poor tenant residing at Ballyshiagh-
nine, and charging him with the massacre at Cashel, seized the

IHISCELLANF,OUS. 253

poor mail's goods without warrant, and being questioned for it
before Major Green, it fell out that he was himself impeached as
concerned in that massacre, and he was arraigned at the next
assizes before Judge Donellan, convicted, and executed. — {Carte
MSS. vol. Ixiv. pp. 435-4G1.)

III.

When Cashel was, on St, Nicholas' Day, attempted by Theobald
Purcoll, liaron of Loghmoo, since deceased, with a party of 1,500
foot, who came to the gates of the town with intent to surprise it,
the intercessions of Father Dan Kearney, Friar Joseph Everard,
and Father Sail, who went out with the Roman Catholic clergy in
procession ' to meet them, prevailed with them (the rebels) to desist
from their enterprise without doing violence to the city or any
English or Irish there, which gave them respite to remove them-
selves and goods to places of safety, as Archibald Hamilton and his
Dean Dr. Pullen did, who went away with their wives and families,
and such as tarried till O'Dwyer's coming had their goods, which
they confided to the Eoman Catliolic clergy, re-delivered to them.
Philip O'Dwyer died of a languishing disease at his house Doun-
dromoro, on the 3rd of May, 1G48, Mr. Theobald Butler, Mr. Tiegue
O'Meagher, Lieut. -Colonel O'Dwyer, brother to Philip, with one
Brian Kearney FitzJohn of Ballybcgg, Ulick Bourke of Lis {illegible),
Hugh Ryan, and others were executed for the Cashel massacre,
being condemned at the greatest trial held for the county Tippe-
rary under Cromwell. Mr. Richard Butler of Ballynekill and Mr.
Charles O'Dwyer were fortunately acquitted at the great trial held
at Clonmell before Justice Donnellan, who sat as president a day
or two before the feast of St. Martin, in November, 1G52, Redmond
Enghsh, a Franciscan, was so zealous to save the English, he hid
some of them under the altar, which being proved at his trial
saved his life. Mr. R. Butler of Ballynakelly was the youngest
son of James, sometime Baron of Dunboyne, and was saved by the
English jury on the general good report of his noble carriage and
civility in all his actions, and so was Charles O'Dwyer of Crul
{illegible) for the like character, and his love of quietness, though
the evidence was as full against them as against the others, who,
except Ulick Burke, whom I cannot specially accuse, and will not
attempt to excuse, were all free from shedding of blood, and so

' V. ante, p. 243, Jiote.

254 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

Tiegue Oge O'Meara, Lt.-Col. Dwyer, and Brian Kearney protested
at their examination at Clonmell, on November 23rd, 1052.

Theobald Butler, Ulick Bourke, and Hugh Kyan were executed
at Cashel on the gibbet in the wall against the Court House,
November 24th, 1G25. Fr. Joseph Everard when ho could not stop
the massacre left his maledictions on the actors of it. — {Carte MSS.
vol. Ixiv. pp. 432-458.)

IV.

As concerning the murders committed at Shrule, in Connaught,
I live at such a distance from that place that I cannot yet exactly
learn the precise time, manner, or number of the murders there
committed, and can only at present as to that particular observe
to your Grace, what I I'emember to have read in a printed collection
by K. S.^ of some murders committed on the Irish with observations
on falsifications of some murders said to be committed by the Irish.
I say that it is confessed that a barbarous murder was committed
by one Edmund Atlea,'* an irreligious, profane fellow of the county
of Mayo and his wicked accomplices at Shrule on about thirty-'
persons. And that the neighbouring gentry came with all expedi-
tion to the rescue of the said Protestants. And that they did rescue
the Bishop of Killala (who was said to have been murdered in that
place) and his wife and children and most of the Protestants there,
and that one Brian Killery, a friar, the guardian of the abbey of
Ross, near Shrule, was one of the first that made haste to that
rescue, and brought the said bishop and his wife and children with

' The pamphlet or paper containing this collection by R. S. is in the British
Museum Library, and has been often quoted by Irish writers, but a comparison of
its statements as given in the above account with the sworn depositions of the
survivors at Shrule and others, will show how little the vague stories of this
anonymous pamphleteer are to be trusted.

'' This Edmund Atlea, probably Edmund of the Hills (v. Deposition
CLXXXIX.), could have been no other than the Edmund 15ourko witli whom
Lord Mayo 'covenanted' to convey the Protestants to Shrule, and who was the
first to begin the massacre at the bridge (v. vol. i. p. 1582-394). The choice
of such a man for the convoy renders Lord INIaj'o suspect, although it is probable
he could have found no trustworthy person, hud ho really wished to do so.

' Dean Fargy's wdow swore {v. p. 7) that there were a party of fifty-five
Protestants, besides the Bishop, the Dean, and six other clergymen (in all sixty-
three), and that all the men of this party except the Bishop and two others were
murdered at Shrule. Several women, she also swore, two of them being enceinte,
were murdered there.

MISCELLANEOUS. 255

several others of the said distressed Protestants into his monastery,
where he civilly treated them for several nights, until Mr. Bourke
of Castle Hackct brought the said bishop, his wife and children
into his own house, where they wanted nothing for several weeks,
the like being done by several other neighbouring gentlemen to the
rest of the said Protestants, until they were sent into places of
security by the Marquis of Clanricarde's orders. That paper
(written by R. S.) observes that the Lord Viscount Mayo, upon pre-
tence of having a hand in that murder, was in Cromwell's time put
to death, though it is said he proved at his trial that he was a Pro-
testant at that time that the murders were committed, and that it
was a great providence he escaped to be killed by them ' (the Irish).
That paper also takes notice that though he who writ the collection
of the murders committed upon the English, said in his first and
second pages that in 1G42 many Protestants were murdered in a
barbarous manner at Kilkenny, and likewise that at Graigue, in the
county Kilkenny, seventy Protestants were murdered with most
horrible circumstances, whereas at Kilkenny there was but one
woman smothered in a tumult in 1G41, for which the Lord Mount-
garret shot Cantwell dead, and that at Graigue there were not any
murdered during the rebellion. The truth of this is so confidently
affirmed by persons of honour and quality as that they are content
to allow the whole abstract of murders of English for truth if the
author can prove that any Protestant was murdered in Kilkenny
or Graigue but the said single woman. '^

' The Viscount I\Iayo of 1611-2 died before Cromwell arrived in Ireland. His
son Theobald or Tilibot, according to his own deposition, given in vol. i.p. 396, was
forced away from Slirulo by John Garvey, the sheriff of tiic county, to save his
life, while he was attempting to stop the massacre. Lord Mayo's Protestantism
was doubtful, he became a Roman Catholic three days after the massacre (De-
position CIX.), and liis son the Viscount, executed by Cromwell, was, I believe,
a Eoman Catholic. In his examination, however, lie charges the Roman Catliolic
Archbishop and priests with having failed to keep their promise of remaining
with the convoy to ensure its safety. There is not a particle of good evidence to
show that the gentry generally made any efforts to save the fugitives. John
Brown, Esq., of the Neale admits that he, like the Roman Catholic Archbisliop and
priests, fled away from Shrule and left the Protestants to their fate. (v. Deposi-
tions CIX. to CXVII.)

^ If this rash challenge were accepted all Sir John Temple's abstracts would
pass for truth, inasmuch as the murders of several Protestants at Graigue are
proved by the depositions of the widows and relatives of the murdered men, and
by those of Sir Edward and Lady Eutler. The oaths of those 'two persons of
honour and quality' must certainly bo preferred to R. S.'s anonymous report of

256 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lOU.

And R. S. also observes that in the county of Galway all the
war time, several Protestant ministers, viz. Dean York, Mr. Carryn
(sic), MacNeil and other ministers and their flocks had meetings
there without interruption, living amongst the Irisli. If your Grace
think fit to speak to the Earl of Clanricarde, he may persuade
Colonel Kelly to give your Grace a true account, as well of that
murder at Shrule, as of all other notable transactions in Connaught
in the beginning of the rebellion, and to read the collections of
murders on both sides would do your Grace no harm.' — {Carte MSS.
vol. ii. pp. 122-215. Bodleian Library.)

the parole evidence of anonymous persons, who for aught wo know never existed
at all. R. S.'s observations as to the safety of the Protestant clergy in Galway
are proved worthless by the depositions of the few of tliem who survived. See
also Mr. Goldsmith's account of Lord Mayo's remarks to the Archbishop when he
wished to have tliat clergyman given up to him.

' The above is endorsed by Carte, ' This seems to me to be IMr. Kearney of
Fethard's handwriting.'

APPENDIX.

{v. vol. i. p. 17.)

Examination of Dermot Oge McDonne, taken before the
Lord of Meath, Sir Toby Caulfield, CArTAiN Dodding-
TON, AND Francis Annesley, the 8rd of April, IGIC.^

•' About a fortniglit after the summer assizes lield at Dungannon,
A,D. 1G14, this deponent, with one Dermot McEedmond Moyle in
his company, came to the house of Art Oge McDonnel O'Neil
chanceably at a time wlien those therein wore at mass. They
found the door shut, and two men keeping it, called Hugh Moyna
McGillpatrick and Hugh Moyna MacArt, who knows this deponent
and his companion, and let them into the house, where they found
the friar O'Mullarlcy saying mass, who was lately come thither out
of Tyrconnell. The hearers were Brian Crossagh O'Neil, Art Oge
O'Neil McDonnel, and his two brothers ; Owen McPhelimy, Slieely
ny Hosye, wife to the said Art, ' Ould ' Donnel O'Neil, father to the
said Art, and the priest MacMurphew. Examt. only stayed within
while he said his prayers, and came out of the house within a little
while, and Cormac MacKedmond Moyle followed him soon after.

At this examt. 's going out of the house the priest MacMurphew
called after him, saying, * Dermot, you arc making great haste out
of the house,' To which this examt. answered him that he had
some business without, and that he could stay no longer in the
company. The priest then said to this examt., 'It is no matter
whether we ever see any of your master's men or not,' meaning the
king's, as this deponent expounded it. Then said Brian Crossagh
to the priest, which words this deponent overheard, ' lie shall
ansiucr for this another day.'

' MSS. T.C.V. Fol. 3, 15.
VOL. II. S

258 THE IRISH massacres of ig41.

Then this examt. went on his way with Cormac McRedmond
Moyle towards the house of Brian Crossagh, and on the way met
Owen McFerdoragh Ony Maguire, who, after holding some sliort
communication with them, they telHng him what they were doing
at Art Oge's house, went along with them to Brian Crossagh 's
house, but before they got there Brian himself overtook them, and
said to this examt. that ' they did ill to flee from God's service,'
to which this examt. answered, that ' thejj did not flee from God's
service, hut from the trotibles of this world, which he had lately
tasted enough of.' And this the examt. said further to Brian, ' //
thou wilt give me a buieng ' to be thy friend, I will give thee a
huieng to be my friend.' Then Brian Crossagh answered, he would
take no huieng of this examt., but then presently after gave him
his sword, bidding this examt. say, if he were asked how he came
by it, that he got it at play ; whereupon this examt., taking the
sword, said he would refuse nothing that came to him in God's
name.

And so taking his leave this examt., with Cormac ]\IcIlodmond
Moyle and Owen McFerdoragh Boy, went to the house of one Brian
Maguire, which was not far off, where they had not stayed long
when Brian Crossagh O'Neil sent for them to come back again, and
on their way back this examt. said to his companion, ' I am afraid
Brian ivill take back the s2vord from me, and therefore I tvill hide
it,' and so this examt. left it in a farmer's house called Gillenef
MacRogan, who can witness it, telling him he won it at play.

At his return to Brian's house he found Brian and his wife on a
bed of rushes, and Brian called to him and bade him sit down,
which he this examt. did, leaning his back on a sincere or division of
wattles made in the house, which looking through he espied Friar
O'Mullarky on the other side of the said wattles, and when Brian
perceived that this examt. had espied the friar, he said in jest to
him, ' Take care, there is something there that will hurt thee,' to
which this examt. answered, he woxild not willingly be hurt. Then
the friar spoke likewise in jest, saying, 'If I loere a hull beggar I
would eat thee,' and then, turning his speech into earnest, said,
' If I did not think thoii ivoxddst be of my counsel I ivould cut off
thy head.' Then Brian rose from his bed and said, ' Tarry until I
have talked loith him,' and so went out of doors, taking this examt.
with him, and said unto him, ' Dermot, thoit, hast been a servitor for
the king, and hast brougJit many men to great trouble and some to
their deaths. Let me see what thou hast got by it. If thoic shouldest

' Bie)ig, a gift to win favour and pledge friendfjliip. See vocab. of Iri.'^h terms,
Calendar of Irish State Papers, lien. VIII. vol, iii. p. 58S.

ArPENDix. 259

serve for five years more, and cut off as many more, thou shouldest
have nothing hut in the end to he hanged for thy labour. I was at
the assizes the other day, and Justice Aungicr zuas ready to revile
me like a churl if I did hut look awry, and the other hlack judge
would lean his head tqmn one shoulder to see if he could espy any
occasion to hang me. By my good will I ivill never go among them
any more, and if thou wilt take my counsel I shall have no occasion
to think my sivord ill bestowed.'

Upon these speeches Art Oge O'Neil came out, and with him
Owen McFordoragh Boy and Cormac McRodmond Moylo, and then
Brian said to this examt. and the rest that they liad been servitors
formerly, but now if they would take his counsel he would bring
them to better service, and if they would take his counsel he would
take theirs. And he further said, ' You are all gentlemen; I know
if you give me your tvord you will not break with me, and if you
loill be of my counsel we xoill get many more of our party, and for
your better assurance Edward O'Mullarkcy shall make the order of
your reivard,'

Then said this examt., ' Let me know first tohat you mean to
do, and then it may he we would he of your counsel.' Then said
Owen McFerdoragh Boy, ' I love my own Lord locll (meaning Con
Eoe Maguire), yet I love thee far better, and I have cause to love
thee because thou marriedst my Lord's daughter.^ Therefore if
thou canst work with these gentlemen (meaning this examt. and
Cormac MacRedmond Moyle), tJioumaycst be sure of me.'

Then said Art Ogo O'Neil, ' If I durst trust thee I tvould quickly
tell thee tvhat ive ivould have thee do. But I am afraid you ivould
betray us,' and with that he went into the house where the Friar
Edward O'Mullarkey was ; and the said Art, plucking out a little
red box, Avished all the men that were where that box came from
were there betwixt that and the church well armed, which church
stood about half a mile off, called Tullyakteyue, and with that
pulled out a large paper out of the box, saying that if they knew
what was written in that paper they would not be afraid to take
their party in the business they went about, for, said he, ' there is
not a gentleman in the country hut his hand is set to this i^aper to
take our parts.'

Then they drank aqua vitce out of a little bottle, which the friar
had of extraordinary good aqica vitce. Having drank, this examt.
said to Owen MacFerdoragh Boy, and Cormac LIcRedmond Moylo
asked, what business was that they so earnestly demanded help in,

' Brian Crossagh O'Neil, himself illegitimate, was married to the illegitimate
daiightor of Con Eoe Maguire, chief of his sept.

S 2

260 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

and what aid or warrant they had to hope to bring it to pass. Then
said Brian Crossagh, ' Is not Sir Toby's fosterer a good %oarrant ? '
This examt. replying, asked, ' IVJiat fosterer has Sir Toby?' They
answered it was Con Koe MacNeil. And Art said further tliat,
howsoever long Sir Toby had that fosterer, he had much need to
have him. Then this examt. asked, ' ^V^iy lioto do you think you
can get Sir Toby's fosterer that he is so careful of ? '

Then Brian Crossagh said he was sure to have him, whensoever
he liked, and that he had a h-iend in Sir Toby's house that was
most of his counsel, which had promised to deliver the boy unto us.
Cormac asked, ' Who was that that was so near Sir Toby and so
mucli their friend ? ' Art Oge said it was Ned Drumane. Tlion,
said Brian McFerdoragh Boy, it is ti-ue that if you have Ned Dru-
mane to your friend you may be sure to have the boy, for Sir Toby
trusts him as much as any man about him. And then Art Oge
said that in a few days he would go to Charlemont to see how soon
Sir Toby was to go to Dublin, meaning not to take away Con
McGregy until Sir Toby were gone to Parliament, and that then
Ned Drumane should bring the boy unto them, and they would keep
Ned Drumane prisoner with them two days, and then send him
back to Sir Toby, as if he were in no fault. And further Art Oge
said, ' If our fortune be to sj^eed ivell you shall have good coviniands
under us : if not, toe caii all go to Spain with the boy, and be
welcome there,' Saying further, ' Do not you see that William
Steioard, who married my sister, if he take our j^^i^ts, he being
of the best blood of the Scots, you may be sure that the best of
the Scots will be loith us, and %ve make no question of William
Steioard but he will join with us ivhensoever we shall call for liini,
either in Ireland or to get us a ship to convey us away.'

Then this examt., making a doubt that William Steward was
not on their side (as they boasted), Brian Crossagh took a book and
swore by it that William Steward was promised to them. Art
O'Neil took the book and swore the like, and so did Owen O'Neil,
brother to said Art, and that William Steward's hand was to the
writing, further telling and assuring them that within one month
they should hear of wars in Scotland, and that Alexander MacJames
MacSurly Buy had set his hand also to the writing, and those of
Scotland should begin the war first.

Brian Crossagh said further, that if it had not been for three of
his friends that counselled him, he had not been at the last assizes
at Dungannon. Then this examt. and his companions asked Brian
how long it Avould be before the plot was put into execution, and
Brian answered that they would stay no longer than to receive an

APPENDIX. 261

answer to a letter which the Friar O'MuUarkey was then writing
to Alexander McSurley Buy, which letter being written, they all
four signed it before their faces, viz. the Friar O'MuUarkey, Brian
Crossagh O'Ncil, Art Oge O'Neil, and Owen O'Neil, brother to the
said Art, and then Brian Crossagh put the letter in his pocket. By
this it was supper time, and Brian swore that he would eat no
meat until the friar had made friends between them and Art Oge,
for there had boon unkindness between them and Art Oge upon a
matter they had discovered to the Bishop of Meath of Art Oge
having an intention to take him prisoner. Then the Friar O'Mul-
larkey ordered that Brian Crossagh and Art Oge should give this
examt. and Owen McFerdoragh Boy 51. apiece, and that they should
botli go to Sir Toby Caullield to deny tlie truth of the information
they had before given to tlie Bishop of Meath of Art Oge's inten-
tion to take him prisoner. Owen McFerdoragh Buy said he durst
not go without a protection, so that Art Oge sent one Hugh Moynagh
McArt to the said Sir Toby for the said warrant and protection,
promising they should discover some good service for his Majesty.
As soon as Hugh was returned with the protection and warrant,
they both went to Dungannon, where they found Sir Toby, and
Owen Boy did then and there make his denial (of his former infor-
mation) touching the taking of the Bishop of Meath.

But this examt., being as he said moved in conscience, stole out
of town, and performed not the like as he had promised, for which
Art Oge grew very much displeased, and devised to murder him, or
do him some miscliief, as hereaiter shall be shown.

About a fortnight afterwards, this examt. was by the devices of
Brian Crossagh O'Neil decoyed to the house of one Shane O'Dowey
and Owen O'Bowcy under false pretences, and having gone about a
stone's cast within a wood near the house, being led by one Phelimy
McGillrowney, one Patrick Oge O'Murphew, that was lying in
waiting for him, fell upon this examt., and then the aforesaid
Phelimy, that enticed him into the wood, took him by the leg and
pulled him down to the ground, and instantly Art Oge came in
with Mahon McGillegroom, Hugh Moynagh McArt, Owen McFer-
doragh Boy, and Owen O'Neil, brother to Art, all falling upon this
examt. First they searched him and took away from him his ticket
of pardon, and the warrant that the judge had given him for his
safe coming to the assizes at Dungannon. Having taken those
things from him. Art Oge drew his skean to have killed him, but
Patrick Oge MacMurphew stayed him, wishing him not to draw his
blood, but rather to sew him up in his mantle and leave him there.
So they tied him up Avith withes and stames, and then fell to

2C2 THE IRISH MA.SSACRES OF 1G41.

council whether they should kill him or not. And he thinketh they
had killed him but that his gossip Owen McFerdoragh Boy dis-
suaded them, wishing them rather to send him to the gaol and lay
treason to his charge. With which course Art Oge was at the last
contented, making full account Sir Toby would have hanged him
as soon as he had brought him to him. And so this examt. was
sent to the jail, and there remains."

(Signed) George Midensis.

Toby Caulfield.

Fkan. Annesley.

In order to understand Brian Crossagh's account of the criti-
cising glances of ' Justice Aungier,' and the ' other black judge '
(probably the counsel or serjeant-at-law) at the Ulster Assizes, which
so disgusted him, we must remember that the government of
1609-20 professed a wish that the Irish chiefs should attend the
courts of justice, and take part in their proceedings, at least mani-
fest an interest in them, and a preference for English law over the
Brehon system. Thus in 1G09, the Solicitor- General, Sir E.
Jacob, describing the Ulster Assizes, Avrites to Salisbury, that
' Mac Sweeny Fanagh came and sat with the judges in Court,
though he came in an uncivil fashion in his mantle.' The Irish
chief's preference for the Irish mantle (a graceful covering enough)
was believed to betoken that he had still a suspicious hankering
after his native fashions, if not native laws.

The Alexander MacJames MacSurly Buy or Buie, i.e. Alexander
the son of James, the son of Charles the Yellow, or yellow haired,
mentioned in this deposition, was, I believe, the son of Sir James
MacDonnell, brother of the first Earl of Antrim, but the genealogy
of this family has been much confused (t>. ante, vol. i. p. 21).

AITKXDIX. 263

B.

(". vol. i. p. 25.)

Petition of Wexford Fkeeiiolders against Plantations.'

To the Bt. Hon. Lords and others of his Majestjj's most honourable

Privy Council.

The humble petition of Eedmoncl McDamore, gent., in the
behalf of himself and of divers gentlemen and freeholders of Mac-
Damore's comitry of Wexford in the realms of Ireland,

Humbly shewing unto your Lordships that your petitioners,
according to his Majesty's gracious commission of defective titles
for the settling of the subjects of that kingdom in their estates,
and his Higlmess's proclamation thereupon, and the Lords Justices
of assizes in that county, their publication thereof at the general
assizes there holden, and according to an order of the late Lord
Deputy and other commissioners on the 8th of February, 1G09, did,
in the year 1G09, surrender their lands unto his Majesty, assuring
themselves of re-grants of them to themselves and their heirs by
letters patent. After which surrenders the petitioners seeldng to
have re-grants accordingly from his Highness of the said lands, Sir
Edward Fisher, Knight, William Parsons, surveyor, and others
having obtained letters patent as midertakers of the petitioner's said
lands did set on foot an ancient pretended title to the said lands
for his ]\Iajesty, derived from the Lord Viscount Beaumont, never
before heard of in the memory of man, and thereupon suddenly in
term time (your petitioners then being destitute of counsel) procured
a commission to return commissioners, some of them being under-
takers, for finding of an oflice at the town of Wexford to entitle his
Majesty to the premises by colour of the said supposed title, for th^
finding thereof there was impannelled a jury of the great freeholders
of the said county, some of them being near of kin to Sir Lawrence
Esmond, Knt. (who was a principal undertaker of other lands in the
said county of Wexford upon the same ancient pretended title) to

• .S. /'. /. J'o/. 234, ISA, Rolls House.

204 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

inquire of the said petitioner's title. Yet after full evidence given
the said jury would not find the pretended title for his Majesty,
whereupon the said jurors in the winter vacation were advised
(called before) to the Exchequer at Dublin, and there urged to
inquire further into the said title. And the said jurors, insisting
iipon their first verdict, were thereupon examined separately, and
some of them for their intractability were there publicly committed
to the Marshalsea, and afterwards censured in the Star Chamber
without allowance of counsel, and some others, whereof one was an
undertaker, and another who was employed in the said commission,
were joined with the other yielding jurors, who found the long- slept
title for his Majesty to these lands.

And whereas heretofore, upon humble petition and complaint
made unto your Lordships of the said proceedings, it pleased your
Lordships, among other directions, to direct that if the petitioners
and the natives did not conform themselves to your Lordships'
directions, that then all parties should be left to be tried by the due
course of the common law, and that the possession in the meantime
should be left in the natives until (lawful) eviction.

Yet notwithstanding, so it is. Eight Ilonourablos, that the said
Sir Edward Fisher, William Parsons, and others, in Michaelmas
time last, preferred an English bill into the Exchequer against the
petitioners, setting forth no other title but that the Icing Avas seized
and granted the same by letters patent, dated the 17th of February,
in the 9th year of his reign, to the said Sir Edward Fisher and his
heirs, yielding 81. Irish per annum, where the petitioners paid yearly
101. for the same, and suggested that by reason the petitioners hold
the same by force ho could not make his entry into the said lands
to enable him to have an action at the common law. Unto which
the petitioners made answer, that they held their lands by descent
for many hundred years together, and that they were ready to
answer the petitioner at the common law, and in the same term a
Tjatin information was exhibited in the same Court of Exchequer
against your petitioners for the same cause, and before they
answered the said informations, the said Sir Edward Fisher
obtained an injunction to dispose of the petitioners' said lands,
which they and their ancestors held by descent time out of mind.
The which was executed accordingly in March last in a most in-
jurious manner by soldiers with force and arms, to the great annoy-
ance and utter ruin of the petitioners, their wives and families,
being many thousand souls, if their Lordships did not yield speedy
relief unto them.

The petitioners most luuubly beseech your Lordships to consider

APPENDIX. 2G5

tlieir poor estates being utterly ruinated and impoverished by the
aforesaid courses, and for that they did hold their said lands by
course of descent and not by tanistry, as was said, that therefore
your Lordships would be vouchsafed to further their suit, and that
his Majesty may be graciously pleased to direct his Highness's
letters to the Lords Justices of the said realm of Ireland, requiring
them thereby to grant by letters patent unto the petitioners and
their heirs respectively, their said several lands, surrendered as
aforesaid, according to his Majesty's said commission, proclamation,
and order in that behalf, under such rents, terms, and service as to
his Majesty shall be thought fit. And that such distresses as have
been taken on their lands by the said Sir Edward Fisher may be
restored.

And also that order may bo taken for the enlargement of such
of the petitioners as remaii:ied in prison upon attainder, by reason of
their suit concerning the said lands. And your petitioners shall be
bound to pray for your Lordships' long lives, &c. — [No date, calen-
dared under May, 1G16.)

266 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

c.

(y. vol. i. p. 26.)

The Commissioners' Eeturn and Certificate concerning the

GRIEVANCES OF THE NATIVES IN THE PLANTATION OF WeX-
FORD, A.D. 1G14.'

The new plantation intended in the county of Wexford, in the
province of Leinster, is to be made in the two baronies of Gowrie
[sic) and Ballykenny in the half barony of Skerrywalshe, which
contain, as they are estimated by survey, 6G,800 acres of land and
certain tracts of wood, boggy land and mountain, all lying together
in one continent betwixt the river of Slane on the south, the river
of Arklow north, and the sea on the east, and the bounds of the
counties Carlow and Kildare on the west, whereof the profits and
occupations have been for many years in the several septs of the
Kavenaghs, Kinsellas, MacSaddoes, MacDamores, and ]\Iurroghs,
and other of the Irish septs, and to some of ancient English that
not long since obtained part of those lands from the Irish. The
possessioners claimed and pretended to hold those lands as their
freehold by descent, after the custom of Irish gavelkind, and have
been impannelled since the king's time on juries as freeholders,
whereof the number presented to be freeholders and who offered
their surrenders were 440 or thereabouts, as appeareth by the books
delivered to us for surrenders, but now affirmed by the natives to
be 6G7, of which fourteen had letters patent for part of their lands
from the Crown, all which coimtries yielded yearly to his Majesty in
rents and compositions only 179Z. 8s. 4fZ., besides 90/. yearly which
Sir Eichard Masterson, Knight, had anciently granted him, and 201.
yearly which Walter Synnot had in lieu of Irish chiefries to them
granted by the Crown ; by several letters patent, upon evidence
given at the Exchequer bar, in a trial betwixt the said Eichard
Masterson and one of the sept of the Kavanaghs, in the term of
Easter and in the seventh year of his highness's reign, some over-
ture was made for a title to his Majesty to these lands, after which
and before the said title was made known to the Lord Deputy and
commissioners such as claimed to be freeholders obtained from the
' Ilarrii's HHicrnicn.

APPENDIX. 2G7

commission of surrenders, orders, according to the usual form, for
their several surrenders, and for effecting thereof procured out three
several commissions to the king's escheator, and others, to inquire
what lands and tenements they hold either by descent or tanistry
and thereupon to accept their surrenders. Upon two of which com-
missions nothing was done, but upon the third commission directed
to his Majesty's said escheator and others, the commissioners on the
27th of January, 1G09, received the several surrenders of all such
as then claimed to be freeholders within those limits of all their
lands, tenements, and hereditaments, comprised and specified in two
several books then delivered to the escheator : the which surrenders
the escheator confessed he did show to the Lord Deputy, and some
other the commissioners for surrenders sitting upon the commission ;
but for that the time by proclamation limited for the natives to pro-
ceed with their surrenders was then past, the escheator was by the
commissioners desired to return and keep the surrenders, and not
to make return thereof, until his Majesty's pleasure was further
known ; for that the king's learned counsel affirmed, they had dis-
covered a good title for the king to all those lands, and that the
commission warranted not them to accept those surrenders : accord-
ing to which direction the escheator detained still the commission
surrenders and books not yet returned, after which the Lord Deputy,
aimo IGIO, certified his Majesty and some of the Privy Council in
England of his higlmess's title, and that the natives offered to sur-
render and to take new estates upon the commission of surrenders,
and defective titles, and thereupon several directions were given to
his lordship for the proceeding unto plantation, as by his Majesty's
letters, and letters from some of his Privy Council, doth appear.

After Avhich, the Lord Deputy resolved on a project for the divi-
sion and plantation of those countries, whereof he hath sent to his
highness by us a copy subscribed by his lordship, since which, on
the 27th of July. 1611, his lordship sent Sir Lawrence Esmond,
knt.. Sir Edward Fisher, knt., William Parsons, Esq., and Nicholas
Kenny, Esq., his Majesty's surveyor and escheator, to make known
to the inhabitants of these countries that nothing was intended
unto them by that plantation but good, for albeit the whole country
was the king's to dispose of as he pleased, yet he was pleased to
accept of their surrenders, and to repass to such as were worthy
and fit to be made freeholders, convenient portions in fee simple at
reasonable rents, and to others of the inferior sort competent por-
tions for lives and years, and that the civilising of the country was
the chief thing aimed at, with some increase of revenue to the king,
and that if any man were obstinate and opposed against the general

2G8 Till': HUSH massacres of 1641.

good intended, they should have justice, which is the benefit of sub-
jects, but were to look for no favour. According to these directions
the said commissioners treated with the inhabitants, and divers of
the principal of these pretended freeholders yielded to accept the
Lord Deputy's offers, and by several writings, dated in August in
the ninth year of his highness's reign, did give up and surrender
their lands to his Majesty, upon hope to have re-granted to them
convenient portions in the new plantation, his lordship thereupon
assigned unto 57 of the natives, to be divided into several portions,
35,210 acres, to be granted in fee simple, which 57 were by a jury of
that country presented to be the fittest men in those limits to be
made freeholders. The particulars of these proportions, together
with the names of those natives, are hereinafter expressed, of which
35,210 acres there were assigned to the said Sir Eichard Masterson
10,169 ; for his said chiefries 2,120 ; the residue for his land in the
IMorrogh's country. Of the natives which agreed to the new planta-
tion 16 of them accepted estates of their proportions from Sir Eichard
Cooke, Sir Lawrence Esmond, Sir Edward Fisher, knights, the
first patentees made of that country in trust. Of these 57 natives 21
are still to retain their ancient houses and habitations, with their
grounds adjoining. Some of their lands lying remote from them
being laid to the now undertakers' proportions are to be talien from
them, in lieu whereof some allowances are to be made of lands lying
nearer their dwellings, with which they are not contented, for that
they are not sufficiently recompensed for the lands taken from them
as they affirm. To the residue which claim to be freeholders, being
for the most part possessed of but small portions, no allowance of
land or recompense is assigned or given, but all they, in number
390 or thereabouts, and all the residue of the inhabitants, tenants,
and cottiers, estimated to be 14,500 men, women, and children,
may be removed at the will of the patentees, which notwithstanding
few are yet removed, and it is offered by the new undertakers, as
formerly by the Lord Deputy, it was appointed that all those to
whom no portions by this new division are assigned, and all the
under tenants inhabiting within their proportions, may, if they will,
reside and dwell in these countries, as tenants to the English and
native undertakers, without removing of any but such as dwell on
those grounds, which the patentees shall use for their necessary
demesnes to their castles and houses, and that they will be bound
to let and set to those natives that want proportions lands at easy
rents and rates as they held them before, all rents, charges, and
exactions being considered which they paid to his Majesty, Sir
Eichard Masterson, Walter Synnot, and others.

APPENDIX. 2G9

The proceedings against the natives have been in this manner":
ni June, IGll, upon motion of the king's learned counsel, a writ
of seizure was awarded out of the Court of Chancery, to take into
his Majesty's hands all the said lands and tenements, which was
grounded upon some ancient records remaining in that court,
mentioned in the inquisition hereinafter specified, which was re-
turned and executed by the sheriff, but no proceedings thereupon.
After which a commission under the great seal of Ireland was
directed to the Lord Bishop of Ferns, Sir Thomas Colclough, knt.,
Sir Dudley Loftus, knt., John Beere, Esq., his Majesty's sergeant-
at-law, William Parsons and Nicholas Kenny, his Majesty's sur-
veyor and escheator, to inquire of his Majesty's title to those lands.
The commissioners, on the 2Gtli of November, IGll, met at Wex-
ford for the execution of the said commission, where after divers
adjournments until the 4th of December, the jury then offered
their verdict of ignoramus to the king's title, the which the com-
missioners refused to accept, and bound the jury to appear before
them in the Exchequer Court, the Thursday s'ennight next follow-
ing, but the jury, upon their petition to the Lord Deputy, had their
appearance respited until the 18th of January following, at which
day the jury appeared in the Exchequer before the said commis-
sioners and Sir John Denham, knt., then Lord Chief Baron, Sir
Francis Aungier, knt., Master of the Eolls, Baron Ilassett, 'and
Justice Lowther, associated by commission to the former commis-
sioners. After long time spent in the evidence on both sides, eleven
of that jury agreed to find his Majesty's title, but five others of them
refused to join witli those cloven in that verdict, who were then by
the commissioners committed to prison, and afterwards censured in
the Castle Chamber for refusing to join with their fellows to find his
Majesty's title according to their evidence, and the rest of the jury
were discharged. Then the Court of Exchequer directed a writ to the
sheriff of Wexford, to summon a jury to appear at the Exchequer
bar in Hilary Term next following for the said inquiry. The sheriffs
returned Sir Thomas Colclough, one of the former commissioners,
and those eleven of the former jury that had agreed to find his
Majesty's title, and some others, which eleven, so formerly sworn
with Sir Thomas Colclough and John Murchoe, now a patentee in
the new plantation, found an inquisition to this effect, the copy
whereof we are ready to show, namely ; That upon the submission
of Art MacMurrogh and Mallogh O'Murrogh, chief of their septs,
and David Moore and Manus MacGerald of the Kinsellas, and
divers others of the Irish, unto King Kichard the Second, by inden-
tures dated the 7th of January, in the 12th year of the reign of the

270 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

same king, the said parties did covenant with Thomas, Earl of
Nottingham, then Marshal of England, and Deputy of this king-
dom, that they and every one of them before the first Sunday in
Lent then next following, would relinquish and surrender to the
said king the full possession of all the lands, tenements, castles,
woods, forts, and pastures, with their appurtenances, which by
them and all others of the Kinsellas and every of them, their com-
panions, men, or adherents, late were occupied within the province of
Leinster in Ireland, sine aliqno retinemant, sibi reservato, sine rcser-
vando quocunque modo,sine dolo et absque frMide, (sic) their move-
able goods only excepted, and that they before the said day would
leave the whole country of Leinster to the true obedience, use, and
disposition of the said king, his heirs and successors ; and that the
said earl, on the part of the king, covenanted that these chief men
and their soldiers or men of war, during their lives shall have pay
in the king's wars, and should enjoy them to these and their heirs
all such lands as they should conquer from any rebels in this king-
dom. The said Earl also agreed that the king should grant to Art
MacMurrogh, the chief of the Kavenaghs, a yearly annuity of eighty
marks, and restore to him his wife's inheritance in the county of
Kildare, which annuity was paid divers years, as appears by some
records : they also find that on the 12th of February next ensuing
a commission was granted unto the said Earl Marshal to receive
the homage of MacMurrogh and all the Irish of Leinster, and to
take their homages and submissions, which was done, and to dis-
tribute the lands of the chieftains and men of war who were to
depart to others of tlie king's subjects. They further found that on
the 28th of April then following. King Richard the Second granted
to Sir John Beaumont, knt., and his heirs all and singular the
castles, manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments within the
meares and bounds following, namely, from the bank of the water
of Slane, on the part of the south, to the black water of Arklow, of
the part of the north, and from the main sea on the east unto the
bounds of the counties of Carlow and Kildare on the part of the
west, excepting the lands of the Earl of Ormond, if he had any
within these bouiids, to be liolden by knight service in capite ; and
that the said Sir John Beaumont, by virtue of these letters patents,
was seized of all the lands within these meares (excepting the Earl
of Ormond's lands, Roches' lands, Synott's lands, Wadding's lands,
the lands of the Bishop of Ferns, advowsons of churches, and some
other tilings in the said inquisition excepted), and that the said
Sir John Beaumont died seized thereof, and that after his death
the same lands (except the before excepted ones) descended to

APPENDIX. 271

Henry Beaumont, his son and heir, who, 1, Henry V., died thereof
so seized, and that all the premises, except before excepted, de-
scended to John Beaumont, his son and heir, being an infant, after
whose death an office was found accordingly, and livery used by
which it appeareth that seven manors, namely Farringmall O'Fel-
migh, Shemall, Lymalagoughe, Shelala, Gory, and Dipps (sic)
wei'e all the lands and dominions within those meares and bounds
which were granted by virtue of that office seized into the king's
hands, and so remained until the said John Beaumont sued his
livery the 8rd of September, 13, Hen. VI., and that the said John,
on the 7th of August, 24, Hen. VI,, made a warrant of attorney
unto John Cornwalleys, chief baron of the Exchequer, and John
Townley, Esq., to let and set his lands within those meares and
bounds, and all other his lands in Ireland and that he thereof died
seized, and had issue two sons, John the eldest and William the
second, both viscounts, and one daughter named Joan, which two
sous died without issue of their bodies, and that the said Joan
their sister was heir to William, who last died, and was married to
John, Lord Viscount Lovell of Titchmai-che, and that they had
issue Francis, Viscount Lovell, attainted of treason by Act of Par-
liament in England, 1, Henry VII., and confirmed in Ireland : by
which acts all his lands in England and Ireland were vested in the
actual and real possession of the Crown, and so descended by mesne
descents to Queen Elizabeth, and after her Majesty granted the
manor of Dipps to the Earl of Ormond and the manor of Shilcia to
Sir Henry Harrington : and that the rest descended to our sovereign
lord the king, as liy the copy of the said ollico and inquisition ready
to be shown doth appear.

On the 12th of February, in the 9tli year of his Majesty's reign,
upon motion of his Majesty's Council, before any patent was granted
of these lands, it was ordered by the Court of Chancery that such as
should be patentees from the king should be put into possession by
injunction out of that court, without further motion of all those
lands, within those meares and bounds, when the same shall be
granted and the sheriff to continue them in possession from time to
time, in which order the king's title and the seizure is expressed ;
after which the said inquisition so found at the Exchequer bar was
transmitted into the Chancery and then several patents granted of
several portions as followeth, namely,

Acres.

To Sir Kichard Cooke, knt., his Majesty's secretary . . 1,600
To Sir Lau. Esmond, knt., a servitor native of Wexford . 1,500
To Sir Edwd. Fisher, knt., a servitor ..... 1,500

272

THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1C41.

To Francis Blundell, Esq

To Conway Brady, the queen's footman ....

To Nicholas Kenny, escheator

To Wm. Parsons, surveyor

To Sir Koger Jones, knt

To Sir James Carroll, knt., Eemembrancer in the Exchequer

To John Wingfield, Esq., servitor

To Sir Adam Loftus, knt

To Sir K. Jacob, knt., his Majesty's solicitor

To Fergus Graeme

To Sir Kich. Wingfield, knt., marshal of the army
To William Marwood, Dep. Remembrancer

To John Loghorn, Esq

To Francis Blundell, Esq

To Capt. Trevillian and Capt. Fortescue . . . .
To Thomas Hibbots, Esq

Acres.

1,000

600

500

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

. 1,000

. 1,000

800

. 1,000

. 1,000

. 1,000

. 1,000

. 2,000

Total 19,900

Proportions of the micicnt possessioners, how many acres they for-
merly enjoyed, and how many are assigned unto them in the
plot of the new plantation, and which of them had formerly
jMtents from the Crown.

Ancient.

Acres.

Newly Assigned.

Sir Richaid Masterson .

Michael Synnot
Dowlin MacBrien, patent \
Morgan MacBriau, patent
Edward MacDowlin, patent j
Dowlin MacMurrogli, patent J
Griffin MacDonuel, patent
Walter Pliinket
Uonnel Spaniagh, patent

Patrick Peppard .

Dermot Ciine ....
Capt. Bonis Vale .

Walter Synnot

7,060

800

2,800

350
350
400

1,400

100
400

1,900

Whereof of native lands 3,800,
of crown lands 2,800, by eo-
lation of patent 400, and 2,400
assigned for his chiofries.

240 of his former possessions.

2,400 removed.

200 of his former possessions.

300 of Ills former possessions.

300 of his former possessions,
besides 320 by former patents.

1,252, wliereof his former pos-
sessions about 700 acres, a
place taken from him where-
in he had made provision to
build.

100, to hold his former lands.

900, whereof 400 old posses-
sions.

1,9()7, whereof 1,567 old pos-
sessions, and for his rents
newly added 2,120.

APPENDIX.

273

Ancient.

Acres.

Newly Assigned.

James Synuot

8Go

86o, whereof old 567.

John Synnot FitzRicliard

545

605, Avhereof old 545.

John FitzPierce

556

410, whereof old 360.

Jasper 8ynnot

075

730, whereof old 390.

Robert Codd'

900

840 of Ids former possessions.

John Malone .

486

480 of his former possessions.

Henry FitzPierce .

^40

240 of his former possessions.

William Fitz\\'alter Synnot

120

240, whereof 120 former pos-
sessions.

Donnel Vally .

626

370, whereof former 229.

Tiegue iMacArt

330

220, whereof former 13 i.

Patrick Walsh

126

] 26 removed.

Tiegue O'Bolger

120

120 former possessions.

Ferdoragh McDermot

382

240 removed.

George O'Murchoe .

200

1 60 of former possessions.

Donnel O'Doran

480

300 of former possessions.

Felix McDermot, patent

505

1,206 removed.

Murrogli iMcPhavson

250

204 removed.

Gerard McJames .

IGO

120 removed.

Piielim Mc da ]Moore

240

200 removed.

Redmond Mc da Moore

240

200 removed.

Tirlogh MclMoriertagh

)

Donogh McMoriertagh

.

400

300 removed.

Donnel Mc^Ioriertaffh

1

Owen McHugh, Ballach

300

300 removed.

McDermot

John Fymond.

100

100 removed.

Cullogh jMcBragh .

120

100 removed.

Francis Wasser

200

187 removed.

Donnel McDonogli Euteskin

196

208, whereof formerly 80.

(sic)

Owen McGerrald .

200

127 removed.

Anthony JJrisket

120

120 removed.

Edmund Dull' McDermot

206

120 removed.

Owen jNIacIIuii-li . . i
Ballagli McDonogli Oge . )

450

300 removed.

Donogh Oge ....

120

GO removed.

John Brazil .

120

iGG removed.

Mr. Browne .

840

840 removed.

Nicholas Nettcrvillo

500

500 former possessions.

Thomas jMcKeogh .

200

200.

Richard Oromwell (patentee)

300

300 former possessions.

Henry AN'alsh .

220

130 former possessions.

Sir li. Wallop

1,010

1,100, whereof formerly 1,040.

Patrick Esmond

400

500.

John Murchoe . . .

—

700.

Art McDermot

1,200

1,000 removed, but not yet set

out.

' Aiiastatia Coild, the mother of Thomas IMoore, was a member of this Wexford
family. (I'. Lord John UtisseWs Life of Moore.)

VOL. II,

274 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

Edmond MacArt and Eichard MacArt, patentees, have no allow-
ance in this new plantation from the lands taken fi-om them.

There are within the limits aforesaid more than the said pro-
portions about 12,000 acres not yet granted, intended to be passed
to martial men, who are to build upon the borders and fastnesses
but cannot until some of the patentees be removed unto the lands
assigned to them. The names of these martial men are Captain
Dorrington, Captain Meares, Captain Pikeman, Captain Cawell,
Captain Ackland, Captain Henry Fisher, Lieutenant John Fisher,
Lieutenant Burroughs, Mr. Gillet, Mr. Waldrond, Lieutenant Strat-
ford, Mr. Sherlock, Mr. Hashwell {sic). After the before mentioned
patents granted the said patentees this 7th of May last obtained
several injunctions to the sheriff of Wexford to put and continue
them in their several portions of lands specified in these patents,
which the sheriff accordingly performed, and did break open the
doors of such as resisted and turned them out : yet, notwithstanding,
upon submission divers of them were permitted to return to their
houses again. And in harvest last the said sheriff by warrant from
the Lord Deputy was assisted by the bailiffs of the now patentees to
take up the fourth sheaf of their corn for the Michaelmas rent, in
regard they were then to pay the king's rent ; which fourth sheaf
the patentees still detain, the natives being allowed to take the I'est
to their own use. Many such of the natives as formerly agreed to
this new plantation now absolutely dislike thereof, and of the pro-
portions assigned to them in lieu of their other possessions taken
from them because that, as they affirm, their proportions assigned
are not so many acres as they are rated to them, and because the
acres taken from them are far more in number than they are sur-
veyed at, which difference cannot be decided without a new survey,
which some of the natives desire. All the ancient possessioners of the
English race, and divers of the Irish have been always faithful to
the Crown of England ; but most of the Irish were rebels in the
time of the great rebellion of Tyrone. Several of those to whom
proportions are assigned are of the septs of the Kavenaghs and
Murroghs, which hold land in tlieso limits before ; Walter Synnot,
Patrick Peppard, and Art MacDermot offer for themselves and the
rest of the countries that they will pay such rents and perform the
buildings and covenants to the king's majesty that these new un-
undertakers are to perform, but they do altogether refuse to repay
to the undertakers their charges disbursed about this plantation,
which are rated at 8,000Z. Every undertaker of 1,500 acres is to
build a castle or stone house of 80 feet in length, 24 in breadth,
and BO feet high besides the battlements. Every undertaker of

APPENDIX. 275

1,000 acres is to build a castle or stone house of 24 feet square, ami
JJO feet high besides the battlements ; and every undertaker of 500
acres is to build a strong bawn of lime and stone, these buildings
to be made within four years after the patentees have quiet posses-
sion. The yearly rent reserved to the king is five pounds for every
thousand acres granted to the English, and (SI. Qs. M. for every
thousand acres granted to the natives, except for those lands assigned
to Sn- Kichard Masterson and Walter Synnot in lieu of their rents
and chiefries out of the whole.

The rents yearly reserved and to be reserved to liis Majesty if
the plantation proceed will be 42GZ. I85. I0\d., and the country is
discharged of the rents and chiefries granted to Sir Eichard JMaster-
son and Synnot, which are 210^. per annum.
Signed and sealed by

Akthur Chichester. Humphrey Winche.

Charles Cornwaleys. Roger Wildraham.
George Calvert.

X 2

276 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1641.

D.

{v. vol. i. p. 29.)

Project for the Plantation op Longford, by Sir Oliver
St. John, Lord Deputy, sent to the English Council
May, 1G18.1

The time of the year wearing away in the employment of the
measurers in the county of Longford, I thought it agreeable to my
duty at this time to make known to his ]\Iajesty and your Lordships
what I conceive will be the issue of the work of that plantation, so
lionourable for his Majesty and so profitable for tlie present con-
dition of this poor kingdom ; preserving a more fall relation thei'eof
until the finishing of the advancement, at which time I shall be able
to acquaint his Majesty and your Lordships with a more particular
knowledge of the state thereof. The work being great and requiring
a careful deliberation in the proceedings thereof, mine opinion is
that the best (plan) is to settle Longford this year, and if the time
will permit O'Carrol's country, and to leave the county of Leitrim,
MacCoghlan's and O'Molloy's countries, being more factious than
the first two, for the work of next year.

Concerning the county of Longford, of which I will now only
make mention, having carefully looked into the former proceedings
and the inquisitions and surveys of that county, I find that the
whole consisteth of six baronies, esteemed at 50,000 acres. But
I hope when the exact measure is taken it will come to more. I
find that the lands of the bishops and clergy, the old glebes and
churches, the abbey lands and some patentees who have obtained
grants in fee farm, will not come within the compact of the
escheated lands, but must for the most part be set apart from all
distributions. I find also two rents payable by that county, the
one of 200Z. to the heirs of Sir Nicholas Malby, being the ancient
composition of that county, the other of 120 beeves, being the
ancient rent payable to the castle of Granard. These two rents are
needful to be compounded for and a compensation of land for them
taken out of the whole county, otherwise the undertakers will be

• Carew MSS. Lamhclh, vol. G13, p. 83.

AITENDIX. 277

subject to the exactions and distresses of other men, which would
be very inconvenient.

It will be needful also, that there be taken out some quantity of
land, to be bestowed by his Majesty for the bettering of the livings
of the poor incumbents of the parish churches, according to that
which was allowed in the plantation of Wexford. And in like sort
a portion of lands to be bestowed upon a corporate town and for
the creating and maintenance of free schools ; all which must be
deducted before I can give a guess what the remainder will be,
that shall be left for the distribution. For albeit the king's advisers
are of opinion that some of the grants of the patentees are question-
able, yet I suppose his Majesty's purpose is not to have them for
the most part questioned, but either to let each of them have their
lands, or to give them other lands in lieu thereof.

The general contents of the whole country and the deductions
formerly mentioned being thus compared, I am of opinion as well
upon the consideration of the former surveys taken in the late Lord
Deputy's government, and by the former judgment of this begun
advancement, that out of the remamder there may be set by for the
placing of undertakers 12,000 acres, being, as I guess, a fourth
part or somewhat more ; in the distribution whereof, I humbly
propound to his Majesty and the Lords, how needful it will be
that the natives of all tliose lands as are so to be disposed of to
undertakers may be bestowed upon such servitors remaining in this
kingdom as have well served in the wars, and have had no land at
all given them, and those to be chosen and nominated by the Lord
Deputy, not in great quantities, as was done in Ulster, and in the
late plantation of Wexford, but in smaller proportions, as in 200,
or 300, or 400 acres. By which manner of plantation the buildings
will be more, the bodies of men in greater quantities, and conse-
quently they and their posterity, by their continual residence, be a
sure continuance of the plantation, and a stroiig instrument for the
settling of peace and civility in those parts, and become more profit-
able for the commonwealth, and yet his Majesty's rents continue
the same ; whereas if those lands should be distributed in greater
proportions, as 1,000, or 2,000, or 3,000 acres, the building would
go on more slowly, the country would be left more weak, by reason
of the large wastes, the freeholders more scarce and the Irish less
kept in awe by them. And for the residue to be bestowed upon the
British undertakers, I humbly propound that their portions may be
smaller, and the undertakers more in number than they were in
Ulster and AVexford. For now Irish land is more valuable, and the
county of Longford adjoining on the English pale more safe and

278 THE IRISH ]\rASSACliES OF 1041.

commodious to bo planted. And experience hath taught us that in
Ulster the undertakers' buildings have not been so readily performed
as was expected, nor the British brought over in sufllicient numbers
to inhabit those great scopes, neither hath the number of freeholders
been planted in those lands that was covenanted by those under-
takers, and such as have been made freeholders were held at such
high rents as they are not left able to do the service of freeholders,
And this way of making smaller undertakers holding only of the
CroAvn was the ancient manner of planting Irish countries, as may
appear by the multitude of castles in the English pale, and the
counties of Tipperary, Limerick, Kilkenny, and all the counties where
the old English do yet keep their footing ; that course was held in
the late plantation of Leix and Offaly, where many English under-
takers had freeholds granted unto them from the Crown of small
quantities of land. And their posterity continued there freeholders
still, and are very useful, as well in times of war as in times of
peace, and it is very probable that in this very county of Longford
the granting of great proportions to the English at their first planting
there was the principal cause it was so soon overcome by the Irish.
I do also humbly propound as a matter of special consideration in
this work, that the undertakers may be placed in the most uninhabited
parts of the country, as towards the county of Leitrim, Cavan, and
lloscommon, and so to leave the natives to inhabit that part that
lieth nearest the English pale, where their ancient borders do still
remain, and the rather for that the natives now inhabitmg that part
are reasonably reclaimed by civil education, and many of them have
built good stone houses where they dwell. And for the full setting
of those lands I humbly propound that I may be warranted to grant
estates in fee farm as well to natives as to undertakers, receiving
from the natives for every acre of twenty-one foot to the pole two-
pence sterling, and from the undertaker one penny sterling, in
respect of the charges of his building, and that where the towns or
cartrons do consist for the most part of bogs, barren mountains, and
unprofitable wood, the surveyor to have power in the making up of
their particulars to lay those bogs as an addition to the towns, and
to set a rent upon the same by the acre, at one rate to the natives,
and at a lesser rate to the undertakers, according to the goodness
and qiiality thereof.

That every proportion of under 1,000 acres may hold of the
castle in Dublin of free and common soccage, and every proportion
of 1,000 acres, or above to hold of the king's majesty in capitc, for
in the old plantation of tlie pale all the undertakers and their heirs do
hold of the king their proportions by the greater or smaller capitc.

APPENDIX. 279

That ovci-y undertaker and native of 1,000 acres and above be
bound within three years to build a castle of 80 feet in length, 20
feet in breadth, and 25 feet in height ; the castle to be built of stone
and lime or brick and lime, and compassed in with a bawn of 800
feet in compass of stone and lime or brick and lime. And every
undertaker of two acres, and so to 1,000 acres, to be bound to build
a strong house of stone and lime or brick and lime, within a bawn
of 200 feet in compass. And every undertaker of quantities under
GOO acres to build a good house of stone and lime or brick with lime,
the natives of those two last named proportions to bo left to them-
selves.

That every proportion of 1,000 acres and above may have a
manor with a Court Baron and power to create tenures and a
{illegible). And every proportion of GOO acres, and so to 1,000,
to have a manor with a Court Baron, and power to create tenures.
The proportions under GOO acres to have neither.

That among all the undertakers and natives there may be grants
made of six market-towns in the most convenient places, and no
more ; and fairs in so moderate a number as may stand with respect
and convenience, and rents to be reserved upon both. That no
native shall have granted unto him less than 100 acres, except very
few, and upon good consideration, and none at all under GO acres.
That every undertaker and native that is bound to build may have
liberty to take a proportionable quantity of timber and other
material for his building in any place within the plantation, by war-
rant from the Lord Deputy, with a limitation of the time of that

liberty.

That every ancient pretended possessor who shall be now made
a freeholder shall depart with at least a fourth of the lands he
formerly possessed, for the accommodation of the plantation, besides
a rateable proportion towards the compounding of the two rents
before mentioned, of Sir Nicholas Malby and Sir Francis Shaen.
That every undertaker and native shall content himself to enjoy
his proportion, according to the number of acres laid down by the
now admeasurement, without any questioning of the old measures.
That every undertaker and native shall bo bound to make his under-
tenants build together in townships, with a nomine pena for those
that shall suffer their tenants to build dispersedly.

That the tenants may be tied with a proviso of forfeiture not to
sell their lands in fee simple or fee tail, or lease them above forty
years or their lives to any of the Irish, lest the old lords should
grow great again. That the State may have power to place such of
the (ii/ff/i'iic) natives of the country as shall not have lands attached

280 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF KUl.

unto them upon the lands of any undertakers or natives, who are to
have leases for 21 years or for their lives, at such reasonable rents
as shall be set down by the Lord Deputy and Council, whereby such
as cannot be made freeholders may be provided for here to remain.

That every undertaker and native be bound to sow yearly a
quantity of hemp, according to his Majesty's directions in that
behalf, and that proportionally according to the quantity of each
man's proportion. That the Lord Deputy may be warranted to
grant a quantity of lands to each parish church for the bettering of
the living of the poor incumbents, as was done in Wexford. That
a corporate town be established in some convenient place within the
plantation, and 100 acres to be allowed to the burgesses that shall
undertake it, with warrant to make a grant of a corporation with
such name and such immunities and privileges as were granted to
the corporations in the escheated lands of Ulster, and tliat some
lands may be allotted for the maintenance of free schools. That
the natives be tied by a proviso of forfeiture neither to take upon
them the name of O'Farrell, nor to yield or maintain or set up that
name by giving it rent, cutting, or service, nor to divide their lands
by gavelkind.

That the whole charge of admeasuring the country and other
necessary accounts for the finishing and settling of those lands bo
borne by the natives and imdertakers by equal contributions.

APPENDIX. 281

E.

(i'. vol. i. p. 30.)
AllGUMENTS OF NATIVES AGAINST LoNGFORD PLANTATION.'

Motives to prove that it is more for his Majesty's honour, j^rofit,
and service to confer the lands in the county of Longford on
the natives than to dispose thereof by ivay of plantation.

1. For his honour : It will be taken most grievous, not only by
the inhabitants of the said county, but by all the subjects of Ireland,
that a title of 800 years ago should be now discovered to take away
any man's land, by which course no man can be secure of his estate,
for in that space their patents and credences might be lost.

2. Tlie composition by her late Majesty in the 13th year of her
reign with the said natives, that in compensation of 400 marks to
be yearly paid to her and her successors that the said county
should by this patent pass to them and their heirs, by this planta-
tion will be violated. And if it were with a common person the
covenant had 'been made in law and honour, he had been bound to
perform it. And the like covenant now made with all the rest of
the subjects of the said realm was performed unto them. And to
exclude only Longford were most injurious. And for further proof
of this assertion his Majesty in July last sent his letters to the Lord
Deputy of Ireland, commanding him to pass to all his subjects of
Connaught and Thomond all their land by letters patent, according
the like indentures of composition, signifying by his said letters that
he was bound by law and in honour to perform with them, and so
by a like reason with Longford.

3. The Earl of Devonshire's word, being then Lord Deputy,
given to the natives for their lives, will be by this disposal of a
plantation not performed, and the meanest undergovernor's word in
the kingdom heretofore hath been inviolably kept, and now, if it be
broken, it must make us distrustful, and be a touch of dishonour.

4. The benefits of his Majesty's Council several letters for pass-
ng the land to the natives, wherein he specially noted that he was

' S. P. J. vol. 23.T, j). 59, lioUs House.

282 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

bound to convey it to them, is not performed. Yet those letters
were granted upon great deliberation of the Lords of the Council,
and after consultation and a full debate of the matter were drawn
up by Sir Thomas Lake, Sir Robert Gardiner, and Sir Roger
Wilbraham by direction of the Lords.

5. James O'Farrell, one of the chiefest men in the country, who
hath great possessioias there, and hath served the Crown in France,
Flanders, and Ireland, died ; his son is very young, and his ^lajesty's
ward, imder his protection, and derives his estate by letters patent.
His Majesty in honour cannot dispose of the land during his ward's
minority, to dispose of others and to take part of their land for rent,
where the ward ought to contribute, is not just but ruhious.

Secondly, to confer the land upon the natives is most for his
Majesty's profit.

1. It is to be considered what rent his Majesty is to get by the
plantation: which it will appear is not more than lOOZ. per an.,
which also must be laid upon the natives as more aggravation.

2. Lands according to Lord Chichester's project must be taken
from the natives to buy the rent beeves of Granard, being 120
beeves per annum, to the assignees of Sir Francis Shaen nominally.
But the truth, as it shall appear, is that the assignees of Sir Francis
are not known and are uncertain, but that this land is intended for
Sir James Hamilton, who ought not to have it. And if he ought,
yet there is but a lease for thirty years yet to come thei'eof, and of
the manor of Granai-d, yielding to his Majesty 87Z. per annum.
And the portion in the Crown (illegible) a small recompense to bo
given for the lease, yet his Majesty will lose the inheritance of the
manor of Granard, and the said rent by the plantation. It will be
objected that Sir Francis Shaen had his Majesty's letters to have
the fee farm. To this we answer that the letters never took effect,
and that his highness was deceived in the grant. And even if the
grant did pass to Sir Francis his heirs ought to have it, for Avhom
it is not now intended, neither do his heirs sue for it, or know of it,
but it is Sir James Hamilton that must have it all.

Admitting that the fee farm was passed to Sir Francis, yet that
no recompense was given for it, for it shall be proved it was ever
had by coercion or distress, by bringing of soldiers hither, and there
is no account to prove that his Majesty or his lessor ought to have
it, and it can be proved that the inliabitants brought several actions
at the common law to try the title, but they were not suffered to
proceed in them. And although the rent were lawfully taken, yet
if the last office taken before the Lord Chichester be of force, and
that it cntitletli his ]\Iajesty to the land, it shall be made most

AriM'NDix. 283

apparent that the lessor or his assignee hath no right to the rent
boevos, and therefore ought to have no right to the land.

3. Land according to the plantation project must be taken from
the natives and given to Malby to buy up 200^. rent per annum.
But it is to be noted that the rent was only entailed to the heirs
male of tlie body of Sir Nicholas Malby, of whom there is only
{illegible) and the reversion is in the Crown, so that the (illegible)
recompense ought to be given, and the Idng may [illegible) to give
a fee simple for an estate in tail. And it can be proved that about
the Gth year of the king's reign this rent was sold unto his Majesty
and surrendered in his Chancery in England, for which his highness
gave valuable consideration, yet never received the rent. If those
that tlien sold it had no estate therein, they deceived his Majesty,
and ought to restore the recompense.

Admittmg his Majesty hath no right to the rent by the con-
veyance, yet if tho last oflico bo of force, wherein Malby was one
of tho jury, it can be made most apparent that he hath no right to
the rent, and by consequence ought to have no land in recompense.
And furthermore, as the Lord Chichester hath been careful to give
the opinion of the king's counsel of his Majesty's right to the said
county, it were expedient to have their opinion whether the king
also ought not to have the said rent.

4. The Lord of Delvin must have land, and it is most apparent
that the letters patent granted unto him by his Majesty of lands in
tho said county were surrendered, and that his Majesty gave him
Crown lands in lieu of them Avhich ho enjoyeth. And these Crown
lands were granted unto him to the intent he should restore the
lands contained in his former patent to the natives, and now to
demand them again is most strange. And if he sues for other land
not contained in the former patent, it is for others besides himself,
from whom he hath private compensation, and by his countenance
seekcth to serve them. Abbey lands ho hath by letters patent
which he ought to enjoy.

5. Five hundred acres of land shall be discovered to lie in his
]\Iajesty's grant by good apparent title lately accrued that shall not
offend any native, and that his Majesty by the indenture of compo-
sition, letters, or otherwise is not tied to give away, but undoubtedly
hath in his own grant which maybe granted to satisfy the {illegible)
of his service.

G. The project of Lord Chichester intendeth to have land given
to buy up this rent, whereby great possessions are to be taken from
the natives, is fully satisfied by the observations afoi'esaid, for as
there was no rent there is no land needed to buy it, and also his

284 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

project to tal{e land from them for service is supplied (shown that it
can be satisfied another way). By these means tlie benefit of his
Majesty's indentures, his Majesty's word and letters, and all things
else are performed to the natives to their full contentment and
settlement, and his Majesty's revenues will he increased 300Z. per
annum (which was the old rent intended) by reserving so much
upon the new patent to the natives. His Majesty in right ought to
have that, and it was nimbly paid formerly to others.

Thirdly, it is most for his Majesty's service to confer the land
on the natives.

1. By giving the land to undertakers his Majesty preserveth but
some servitors, and will lose the love and hearts of many of his
poor subjects.

2. By taking the land from those that served him truly all
through the last rebellion, and not performing his covenant and
promise with them, he will make them desperate.

3. If these lands be taken from them, they being no tradesmen
or having any other means to exist, they will commit all manner of
villanies.

4. All the natives of the North are discontented by the last
plantation amongst them, and it is much to be feared that upon the
least occasion and advantage they will do miscliief. It were there-
fore not convenient that those in the west should also be discon-
tented, and the eyes of all the nation are fixed on this business of
Longford and on the usage of its natives, that ever for the most part
have done the king good service.

No date. Endorsed 'Lord Deputy Chichester revoked Nov.
2dth, 1616.'

Plantations of Longford and Ely O'Carrol.

Lord Deputy and Council to the Lords (E.P.C.),
November 8th, 1G19.»

It may please your most Honourable Lordships. So soon as
we received his Majesty's pleasure and directions for the intended
plantations of Longford and Ely O'Carrol we fell into consideration
how we might begin and proceed with the care and diligence the
work required, but find some present interruption, partly through
want of a competent number of the principal commissioners who

' S. P. I. vol. 235, p. 44, Roils House.

APPENDIX. 285

Avero not resident here in the late time of vacation and specially
bocansG we could not draw together the chief men of those parts
until the finishing of their harvest, which in this country is seldom
done until towards All Hallowtide. But upon summons given
them they have lately presented themselves before us ; since the
28th of last (month) those of Longford submitted by an instrument
under their hands and some four days after those of Ely O'Carrol
did the like.

The O'Farrells, who are those of Longford, at the first made
show of backwardness, not in dislike of the deduction of a fourth
part of their lands, which they all knew to be his Majesty's pleasure
and full resolution, but in that they complained the remaining three
parts were not only subject to bear the whole charge of the com-
position for the 120 beeves belonging to the manor of Granard and
200/. a year claimed by Malby, but they also doubted that some
other persons of quality each pretending to lands in that country
might procure favour and exemption from bearing (a share of it)
with them.

We treated as fairly as we could, and bestowing much good
language upon them in the end they yielded and with cheerfulness.
But not without a promise from us to become suitors for them to
his Majesty that no more charges might be imposed on them nor
land taken from them than is contained in his Majesty's instruc-
tions. Now may it please your Lordships to understand that there
are several letters are now come to me the Deputy, for lands to be
passed to some that have obtained the special favour not only to
have them freed from the deduction of a fourth part, but with a
direction that the undertakers shall nevertheless be fully provided
for, according unto the quantities assigned unto them, and the supply
of this bounty is to fall upon the natives' three-fourths, which will
become the more grievous unto them. These letters I have hitherto
concealed from the people, and the truth is, that as the letters
preceded the instructions in date, his Majesty is as yet at liberty
to do as he pleases, and they beseech him to mention their en-
gagement to the natives to his Majesty and to let them know his
pleasure therein.

As for Ely O'Cfirrol, the same is not liable to such charges as
Longford is, being free from any compositions or burdens more
than the deduction of the fourth part, and the assignment for
glebes, allowances, and admeasurements and the necessary expenses
for settlement of the plantation for all which the undertakers are to
contribute with them. Tlierofore for his Majesty's service and
their own good, considering it, Ely O'Carrol, a county far separated

286 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 10-11.

from Longford, we would wish the erection of a corporation amongst
them, as well as in Longford, with tlie same privileges and assign-
ments of 100 acres of land, the place to be at Ballendoragh, which
is a narrow passage or strait that openeth out of that part of
Leinster into Ormond and Tipperary ; parts of so evil haunts as
that it hath been found necessary to lay a garrison at the said
Ballindoragh, which hath this two years been commanded by
Francis Acland, houtenant to Sir Henry Docwra, who is a sufficient
active man, and hath been so fortunate in his employment that he
has well abated the number of malefactors in these parts, whereof
divers have been by him cut off and many forced into the hands of
justice, to the great contentment of the country and preservation
of the poor thereof. And if his Majesty and your Lordships shall
approve of this proposition for a corporation, we would also wish
that it were countenanced by the residence of some commander
that might continue there in command of a company, *fc there is
there already a little strong castle, which may be to great good
purpose maintained and preserved without charge to his Majesty, if
500 acres of land were laid to it, and a lease thereof granted (at the
same rent the undertakers pay) to the commander of the fort for
twenty-one years if he hve so long. And now that the natives
have made their submission, we will enter into the main work, one
of the first parts thereof being to compound for the 120 beeves and
the 200L rentcharge. The one we shall soon do, but the other is
encumbered with difficulty, by reason of young Malby's nonage,
and his mother the Lady Sidley's absence in England, who hath
an estate for life in the said rent. Besides we have no means to
inform ourselves of the facts of the composition that is said to have
been already made by his Majesty for the same. Because it was
made in England and the several pensions given in lieu thereof arc
paid out of the Exchequer there (as we hear) to Sir James Crichton,
Sir James Hamilton, and Sir James Sempill, who are now in England
or some of them, for whom it may please your Lordships to send or
cause such other as you sluill think fit to confer witli thorn and give
your Lordships satisfaction therein.

In the meantime for clearing the way to our present proceedings,
which might otherwise be hindered by this particular, we have
resolved to set apart a proportion of land equivalent for the redemp-
tion of this '2,001. per annum which may be hereafter disposed of
according to occasion.

These things we have esteemed it our duty to acquaint your
Lordships witli, and do beseech your {illegible) for his Majesty's
and your Lordships' further pleasure iii the same. And so craving

APPENDIX. 287

pardon we liunibly take our leave from his Majesty's castle of
Dublin, this 8th of November, 1G19, your honourable Lordships in
humbleness to be commanded,

Oliver St. John. Dom. Sarsfield.

Ad. Loftus. Cane. Wm. Methwold.

PowERscouRT. Jqhn King.

Hen. Docwra. Dudley Norton.

Wm. Jones. Fr. Annesley.

288

THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

F.

(v. vol. i. p. 31.)

Theee are in this county op Longford 142 natives unto
whom lands are assigned, their names and proportions
are as follows.'

Earl of Westmeath ...... 2917

Eoger Farrall ...... 2143

Faghney Farrall ...... 2005

James Farrall . . . '. . .2458

Robert Farrall . . . . . . 1451

Fergus Farrell . . . . . .1100

Lisagh Duffe Farrell ...... (582

William Farrell . . . " . . . lO;-}*}.

Edmund Reogli Farrell ..... GOO

Sir Christopher Nugent ..... 1102

John Farrell ....... 708

Maurice FitzGerald . . . . . .087

Thomas Nugent . . . . . .018

Richard Nugent . . . . . .009

Gerrott Nugent ...... 044

Oliver FitzGerald ...... 732

Kearagh MacLisagh ...... 037

Faghney MacCormack and Gerrot Farrell . . . 785

Gerald FitzGerald ...... 097

Edmund Nugent ...... 701

Nathaniel Fox . . . . . .947

Edward Dowdall ...... 718

Lisagh McJames ...... 519

Lisagh McGillemor ...... 501

Brian Melaghlin . . . . . .120

Patrick McIIubert ...... 99

Gerrot MacShane ...... 210

Gerald MacRory . . . . . . 879

' Harris MSS. Libmrij of Royal Dublin Society.

ArPENDIX.

289

Eichard MacJames .

Connell MacMorragli

Lisagli MacCorniac and Daniel MacCormac

Gerald MacKedy

Tiegne MacConnell .

Donnell Mac William .

Brian MacEdmund .

Gerrot MacHubbert .

Cahill MacHubbert .

Gillernauer 0 'Kenny .

Tirlogh MacVry

Edmund Nugent MacEdward

Donogh Farrell

Gerrot MacMelaghlin

Brian Buie MacHubbert

Connell MacMoragli Moyle

Shane McHubbert and Faglniey McHubbert

Picrse McMelaglilin .

James McMelagiilin .

Malia Mac Shane

Brian O'Quin

Edmund McHubbert .

Gerrot Murtagh

Patrick MacKedy

James Buie MacMorogh

William Oge Farrell .

Morgan Farrall

Tirlogh McDonnell .

Brian McTiegue and Donogh MacBrian

Edmund MacHubbert

Hugh McEdmund

Donnell MacJames .

Nicholas Archbold

Robert Gayner

William McDermott .

Thomas McTiegue

James Nugent

Nicholas McDermott .

Earl of Kildare

Keadagh MacLisagh .

Hubert Dillon

Robert Dillon

Morrogh McMelaglilin

VOL. II.

I\IcBrian

236
192
160
208
110
64
811
111
86
62
63
163
164
124
100
115
180
89
136
83
115
127
493
200
219
60
263
65
155
77
92
74
411
420
400
151
124
92
424
482
353
406
100

Geoffrey MoBrian

1" lU-i I

. 119

Dnnogh McTiegue

. 107

William Ferrall

. 100

Donnell McDermott .

80

Thomas Nugent

0-2

Edmund MacBuie and Eicliard MacTirlagh

97

Edmund MacKichard

92

Edmund MacMorogh

CO

John MacEdmund

88

Caliil MacFergu3

80

Hugh MacCormack O'Dnffe .

90

Geoffrey MacHichavd

GO

Fergus MacCahil

70

Lisagh Oge O'Farrel .

60

Shane MacHugh

70

James MacHuhbert .

. 158

Connell MacMorrogh McEdmund

. 108

Bryan McKay

70

Fergus McPhelim and Hugh McGenor

. 231

John Quin ....

GO

Eobert and Phelim Quin

100

Lord Dillon ....

415

Christopher Brown .

101

James Nangle

98

William MacVry . . .

116

Thomas Kearnon

323

Eichard McDonogh .

85

Shane McTirlagh

215

William McDonnell .

179

Edmund Dillon

699

Edmund MacCormack

278

Conell Maclrell

420

James Mao William .

813

Tiegue MacCormack .

265

Garratt Nugent

677

Oliver Nugent

162

Call ill MacHugh

280

John Farrell ....

120

Tirlogh Farrell

162

James MacTirlogh Cormac O'Farrell

120

Edward MacBrian

106

Eory MacCahil

95

Theobald Delamore {sic)

210

APPENDIX.

291

^lauvice Dillon

James ]\IcTieguo

Connor Farrell

Carberry McSliane

Eichard FitzGerald

Eicliard Delamare

Hugh MacTirlogh

James FitzGerrott

Edward Nugent

Anion ]\IacKegan and Patrick MacKcgan

Patrick O'lleiraght

Cormac MacKay

Faghney MacEory

Shane MacEichard

Kedagh McConnell

Andrew Nugent

Walter Nugent

Gerrott McJamos

William McDonnogl

Murrogh McTirlogh

Daniel McDermott

Both the natives and the undertake
measurers have abused {i.e. deceived) the

survey of more acres in every proportion than there are to be
found.

The case of one Tirlogh Farrell is much to be pitied, being the
only Protestant of his name, and having, as is said, lands sufficient
to make him a freeholder, all deductions being made, hath notwith-
standing no lands assigned to him, as his own petition will show,
Avhich we offer to your consideration on his behalf.

There is no hemp sown by any in this county or in Leitrim,
though his Majesty directed it by his instructions.

800
60
811
207
171
16G
IGO
214
892
173
180
119
107
199
128
885
120
103
16G
104
110

complain that the
n in giving up their

The Abticles akd Conditions to be Inserted in the Leases

WHICH AKE to be made TO THE LESSEES IN THE PLANTA-
TION OP Longford, April 5, 1G20.'

1. The demises or leases are to be for three lives, or for one-
and-twcnty years, at the election and choice of the lessees, and no
longer.

Harris MSS., Library of Royal Dublin Socieiy.

u2

202 THE IRISH MASSACIIES OF 10-11.

2. The lessors and lessees are to treat together for the rents of
every acre, and in case they cannot agree, then two commissioners
are to repair to the land to be demised, and are upon view thereof
to assess the rent, near to the value of the land as it may be, bona
fide, to be let for : and the lessors and lessees are to contribute
equally for the commissioners' trouble and charges, while they shall
be at that business.

8. For non-payments of rents at the feasts of Easter and Michael-
mas, or within fifteen days after the said feasts, the lessor may dis-
train, and for non-payment after forty days the lessor may, at his
election, re-enter to avoid the lease.

4. The lessees shall build their houses in town reeds or street-
ways, and not dispersed, and each lessee to build a chimney in his
dwelling-house, and to make a convenient garden and plant an
orchard.

5. Each lessee to sow a quantity of hempsocd proportionally to
the number of acres ho shall hold.

G. The demises or leases to be only of acres, without making
mention of cartrons.

7. Every lessee holding sixty acres shall within four years enclose
ten acres of his portion, and set in the banks of the enclosure
quicksetts or frith, and so rateably each lessee of lesser proportion.

8. No lessee is to hold any parcel of land where he makes any
claim or title, or whereof he was formerly possessed, unless the
lessor himself will admit the same.

9. No lessee shall alien or do away his interest in his lease
without the lessor's consent.

ATPENDIX. 293

G.

(v. vol. i. p. 32.)

To THR KiaHT Honourable the Commissioners authorised
BY HIS Majesty to hear the Grievances of Ireland.'

A Memorial and true Information to their Honours of part of their
grievances and the destrnotion done upon the most part of the
poor natives and inhabitants of the county of Longford, in the
time of the late plantation thereof, by the comitties and sur-
veyors appointed for tJie said comity as follow eth : —

First, some of these comitties {sic) were their own carvers, im-
plotting land for themselves and others, contrary to his Majesty's
instructions.

Item, one Robert Kenedy, that was clerk to Sir William Parson.s,
Knt., Bart., chief surveyor and one of the said comitties, hath
three cartrons of land in the barony of Maidower in the said county,
viz. the cartron of Lymfaighter,^ the cartron of Boherbay, the car-
tron of More, the two cartrons of Bernenuer, and the cartron of
Belladrama, and the wood called Grillaghgarda and Clonfraigh, that
containeth forty acres of arable land, or thereabouts, in these woods.

Item, the said Robert's brother, John Kennedy, clerk in the
king's receipt, hath six cartrons in the quadrat of the county
called Moitragh near the town of Longford.

Item, one Robert Dillon of Kanerstown, in the county of Wosfc-
meath, one of the aforesaid comitties for the county of Longford,
having before the plantation but one cartron of land there, hath now
four large cartrons, in the barony of Rathcline, as more at large shall
appear by the said Robert's patent past of it, and other parcels of
land, every cartron thereof he setteth at lOZ. yearly rent.

Item., one Mr. Hubert Dillon, of Killireninen, in the county of
Westmeath, gent., being not a native or undertaker, nor having any

' Harris 3fSS., Library of Boyal Dublin Society.

' T!ie spelling of Irish natnos and words, ahvnys had in documents ■written hy
Englishmen in old times, is in this petition so had and ahsnrd as to make any
attempt to correct it useless.

294 THE TRTSTI MASSACRES OF 1041.

land by inheritance or puvcliase within tliat county of Longford, hut
one demi-cartron, hath obtained of the said comitties four good
cartrons in tlie said county of Longford ; Mr. Robert Dillon, the
aforesaid comittie, gave the said Hubert an exchange in a town
called Bruenmore, hi the county Westmeath.

Item, Sir Christopher Nugent, Knt., deceased, that was one of
the said comitties, hath applotted for himself a thousand acres of
arable land within Longford county, as more at large shall appear,
by the said Sir Christopher's particular of the premises, notwith-
standing the said Sir Christopher's continual oath before divers
gentlemen of the said county, that he would never demand or take
a foot of the said natives' lands for himself, or his posterity, but
one cartron he had before the plantation there, the which thousand
acres he passed as inheritance to his second son.

Item, Mr. Harry Crofton, one of the said comitties, having never
a foot of land in that county before the plantation thereof, hath now
the cartron of Clonsherin, the cartron of Agheneskiagh, the demi-
cartron of Tureowagh, in the barony of Moydore, also he hath the
cai-tron of Kiltevriavagh, as shall appear more at large by his par-
ticular that he hath, every cartron of the premises he scttcth at
Ql. a year besides duties.

Item, Mr. Thomas Nugent of Collamber, Esq., one of the said
comitties, hath an augmentation of four or five cartrons of the poor
natives' lands, in a quadrat of the county called Killecowara, in the
barony of Ardagh, and in Clinhena, in the barony of Longford, as
may appear more at large by the said Thomas's patent of the pro-
mises (if any by) {sic).

Item, it is so that at the time of the meeting, or making acres of
the whole county of Longford by survey, the eight or nine surveyors
that continued more than a quarter of a year in performing that ser-
vice, accompanied all that time to the number of thirty-six soldiers,
who live together, and the said soldiers with their horses and four
men, or horseboys, with every one of the said surveyors, lived at
the charge of the poor country, taking meat and drink and lodging,
and 8fZ, per day sterling beside for every one of the said soldiers,
notwithstanding that the king's majesty did give the said surveyors
their charges in ready money all that time ; moreover, when all the
natives and undertakers had their patents out of all the lands in the
county, every one paid according to his proportion of land a penny
ster. for every acre he had, in lieu of the charge of the said surveyors,
and in recompense of the charge and service of the comitties ap-
pointed by my Lord Deputy for the said county, which charge was
named the admeasurement money.

ATTEXDIX. 295

Item, at the second time the said surveyors returned to the said
county to apportion the lands between party and party, besides their
meat and drink and lodging for themselves, their horses and horse-
boys, took dd. an acre from each party.

Item, the whole number of the poor natives of this country do
find themselves grieved in manner following, viz. where they have
been formerly charged with 200^. ster,, composition rent to her late
Majesty Queen Elizabeth, that resigned the same to Malby and hia
heirs, and with another rentcharge of the king's that Sir Francis
Bhacn in his lifetime did hold, viz. 1001. or twenty-six towns,
named of the manor of Granard : for all which rentcharge at the
planting of the county there was plotted and given of the natives'
land the number of one hundred cartrons, or thereabouts, which I
doubt not is set, or may be set,' at above AOOl. yearly rent, besides
that the glebe lands and lands plotted for corporations and forts,
comes to near a hundred more cartrons or above ; notwithstanding
that the said poor natives had not left them, for the most part, the
fourth part of their former possessions, of all the whole county, the
which course, as they conceive by all credible accounts, is contrary to
the king's gracious meaning, to take any more of their lands from
the natives of the county but the fourth part. In regard thereof,
they feel it grievous and too great a chai'ge, after the losses afore-
said, and more that comes not yet in this reckoning, to be charged
with 2|(^. in every acre of arable land they have left them, and a
halfpenny in every acre of unprofitable land, and that the said
lands being given unto the Lord of Longford and Mr, ]\Ialby for the
said composition, the said inhabitants do find themselves nothing
eased thereby, but all charged upon them, as well as upon them that
got the said allowance and their rent raised to the sum of 8001.
or 9001., and odd money, beside the land given in lieu of the said
old rents aforesaid.

Item, James MacWilliam O'Farrell of Balliiiathan of the said
county, gent, and native, having a good scope of lands of his own
there by inheritance, made means to Kobert Dillon, aforesaid co-
mittie, by whose means he, the said James, lost no part of the said
lands in any of the deductions aforesaid. And by the recital of the
said James's wife her husband paid the said Eobert 20^. for the same.

Item, one Edmund MacHobert O'Farrell, gent, and native, had
by inheritance eight or nine cartrons of land in the said county, in
a quadrat thereof called Callo, and was driven to give the said Mr.

' In Ireland the -word ' set ' wa^, and often is still used for ' let ' by landlords'
and tenants treating about farms and houses. The same exprassion was used in
Lancashire.

29C THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

Bobert Dillon, comittie, a house and other private gratifications in
money, having gotten but three small cartrons in lieu of the said
eight.

Item, Gillernowe O'Kenny of Gurteenbuie, in the said county,
having but a cartron of land in mortgage, which was divided
between him and three of his brethren, he got a cartron and one
quarter of a cartron of land augmentation by the means of the
foresaid comittie Eobert Dillon, who received by other private
gratifications of the said Gillernowe two beefs and two vessels called
Cans of Honey.

Ite^n, Sir Richard Browne, knight, baronet, being not a native
undertaker, nor having any land in the said county but what he
holdeth by his lady wife's jointure, hath gotten by favour or other
means the following lands there, the two cartrons of Bollanathmor,
the cartron of Corelaggan in the barony of Moydaner, more in the
barony of Longford, the cartron of Briskill, the cartron of Clonneth-
lie, the cartron of Clonalsan, in Literkiragh one quarter of a cartron,
in {illegible) and Enane two quarters of a cartron, and the third
part of a cartron in Crodrum, the which lands the said Sir Richard
did pass in a native's name in a patent, who had but one quarter of
a cartron, which native was his gossip called Kedagh McConnell
O'Farrell of Brekagh in the said county, gent. Every cartron of the
aforesaid land the said Sir Richard doth set for 8^, ster. yearly rent.
Item, Morogh Madrid O'Farrell, native, had but five carti'ons
of land before the plantation in a quandrat of the county called
Callo, viz. in Castlebegg, and by whatever struggling he came
thereto hath now an augmentation of five more, the which ten that
he now hath is plotted to him in a choice land in the said county
called Montergeolgan.

Item, Thomas McTiegue O'Farrell, a base born, that was never
born to have any land, and a traitor in the late great rebellion,
hath gotten one cartron of land, about the town of Granard in the
said county, containing above six score acres by survey.

Ite7n, one Pierse McMelaghlin O'Farrell, that had never a foot
of land before the plantation, hath gotten four cartrons in the
quandrate of the county called Moitra, the said Pierse being a traitor
in the late great rebellion. Four cartrons granted thus a traitor.

Item, one Nathaniel Fox of Rathrenagh, within the said county
of Longford, hath gotten an augmentation of the natives' lands
about the said town of Rathrenagh, to the number of ten or fifteen
cartrons over and above his former possessions in that county.

Ite7n, one Robert MacIIessiagh O'Farrell of Glyn, within the
said county, Esquire, hath gotten of the poor natives' lands there,

ArrENDix. 297

ami an augmentation allowed him to the number of 800 acres of
arable land, and a watercourse of a mill in Ballineaso in the said
county, the inheritance of one William Farrell of Ballintobber,
Esquire, without giving any allowance for it to the said William.

Item, one Robert McLisagh 0' Farrell of Ballicor, in the said
county, gent., hath gotten allowance of the said committies of the
poor natives' lands to the number of six cartrons, without any
deduction thereout, he being in open rebellion in the great general
rebellion in Captain Farrell 's company.

Item, Connell MacMergagh O'Farrell of Baileclare, within the
said county, gent., having by inheritance there but one cartron,
had allowance gotten him by the said committies of two cartrons
more and two woods without any deduction, he having been also in
open rebellion aforesaid.

Item, one Eory MacCahil O'Farrell of Ballinbuien, a poor free-
holder, having but three quarters of a cartron before the plantation,
hath gotten of the said committies an augmentation of two of the
best cartrons and the largest in the territory of Moitra or Clanhue
over and above within the said county.

Itevi, one Donough Duff McBrian of the territories of Clanhue,
in the barony of Longford, in the said comity, a poor freeholder,
having but three demi- quarters of a cartron in the said quandrat,
got of the said committies half a cartron and a demi-quarter aug-
mentation over and above his said domi-quarters.

Item, one Ednmnd MacHubert O'Farrell of Moniskelagh, in the
barony of Granard, witliiu the said county, a poor freeholder, having
but one cartron of twenty-four acres by survey, hath the same of the
said committies without any deduction, he being in actual rebellion
in the general revolt.

Ite))i, one Pvichard McDonogh O'Farrell of Kilnemaddagh, in the
aforesaid barony, having but one cartron in the said town of Kilne-
maddagh of eighty-five acres by survey, did obtain the said cartron
of the said committies without any deduction, he being also in actual
rebellion in the last revolt.

Item, one Tirlogh McDonogh O'Farrell of Cavan, in the said
barony of Granard and county of Longford, having by inheritance
but as much as sixty acres within that barony, did obtain of the
said committies the number of thirty-three acres in addition to his
said three score acres without any deduction.

Item, it is so that one Edmund Nugent of Roconellan, in the
county of Westmeath, gent., learned in the law, lately deceased;
in the plantation time of the said county of Longford did in his
rental name two cartrons, the which two Faghny O'Farrell of the

298 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

Moat, in the said coimty Longford, did also name in liis rentals ;
so as it came to pass, in order to give tliem both satisfaction, or for
some better cause known to the committies, Avhere the {illegible)
was but for two cartrons, either {i.e. each) of them had two, by
which, or some other means, one Donogli MacOwen O'Farrell of
Cnockaha and a brother of his that had an inheritance of two
cartrons in the said county, in Cnockahabeg (which was surveyed
as 200 acres of arable land, though in such cases the surveyors who
gave allowances to some others, to the said Donogh and his brother
gave none at all), had these said two cartrons of 200 acres quite
taken away from them and given to the said Faghnoy O'Farroll for
his part of the aforesaid satisfaction, as more at large shall appear
by the said Donogh's bill of computation of the premises.

Itein, it is so that the surveyors or measurers of the said county
of Longford did at the time of their survey to discharge the surveyor
of some remiss in his accounts in England upon the making up of
his books there, for that surveyor accounting for more lands than
the county containeth, surveyed and admeasured the lands of the
natives next to their chief houses unreasonably and above ad-
measurement, and the lands of the undertakers and other favourites
admeasured a far less nvmiber of acres than could stand with
reason, by which many of the freeholders of that county lost their
livelihoods.

Item, Mr, Edward Dowdall, learned in the law and one of the
committies of the said county, hath in Clanhue, in the barony of
Longford, the demi-cartron of Aghinmadder, the demi-cartron of
Mogherdran, the two cartrons of Ardcullen in the barony of Gra-
nard, the cartron of Tonfinlissinbanardagh, the cartrons of Kilco
and Kill (illegible) in the barony of Ardagh within the said county,
he having no lands by purchase or by inheritance there before, and
now having upwards of 1,000 acres.

Item, one John Mclriell O'Farrell of Ardenragh, in the said
county, gent., having only two cartrons of land in possession, to
which there was a claim made by his elder brotlior's son, hath
gotten an augmentation of a castle and twenty cartrons, he having
been in actual and open rebellion in the company of Captain
Kichard Farrell in the heat of the last great rebellion.

Item, one Lisagh Oge O'Farrell of Leitherie in the barony of
Eatliclonie, in the said county, having never a foot of land before,
hath gotten three score acres of arable land in Leitherie aforesaid,
he being in actual rebellion in the heat of the last general revolt.

Item, one Owney McFarrelly O'Farrell of Carnagh in the barony
of Moidaune, within the said county, being seised as his inheritance

APPENDIX. 299

as of one cartron of land, called Corremore, the largest scope of all
the cartroiis within that territory, Avaa not surveyed ; but about
four score acres of arable land, which is, by all reason, and further
sixty acres over and above that reckoning, in regard that the cartron
next adjoining the same near the bigness of it is found to be eight
score acres arable ; notwithstanding that the said Owny hath been
a good servitor in the late wars, under the leading of Captain
Lawrence Esmond, one of his Majesty's Privy Council, who not
only wrote in commendation and behalf of the said Owny to Sir
William Parsons, knight and baronet, one of the said comities, for
passhig the said Owny the said land, but also came in person to
entreat for him to the said Sir William and the rest of the comities,
nevertheless that they faithfully promised the said Lawrence to
give the said servitor his own land, he being for half a year in
(illegible) charges {illegible) them for the same, was nothing the
more regarded by the said committees, but quite forgotten, and
cast out of his said land without any manner of allowance.

Item, it fell out so that divers of the poor natives or former
freeholders of that county, after the loss of all their possessions or
inheritance there, some ran mad, and others died instantly for very
grief, as one James McWilliam O'Farrell of Clangrad, and Donogh
McGerrot O'Farrell of Cuillagh, and others whose names for brevity
I leave out, who on their death-beds were in such a taking that
tliey by earnest persuasions caused some of their family and friends
to brhig them out of their said beds to have abroad the last sight of
the hills and fields they lost in the said plantations, every one of
them dying instantly after.

Item, all the natives and poor freeholders of the said county,
that lost their former possessions and inheritance, doth most humbly
desire your Lordships that all the plans and rentals of the whole
county be brought in one place before your honour, and the same
and the grand office taken at Longford compared together, by which
and the testimony of the inhabitants of the county shall be known
what land and demesne belong to every native and in his possession
before and at the taking of the said grand oflice, for it did appear
that some lands at the taking of the said office that were then in
possession of some of the said natives was then left out unmemor-
able or called upon ; some others by the collectors of that county,
either from mere malice or negligence, by which course, or one
better known to your honours shall be known and sifted out what
was done in the plantation of that county contrary to his Majesty's
intentions.

100 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

H.

(v. vol. i. p. 30.)

Thk Kino's Imsn Wards.

" To the Honourable the Lords and others of Ids Majesty's Most
Honourahle Privy Council,

" The Humble Tetition of Brian O'Rourhc, prisoner in his Majesty's
Tower of London,

" Most Immbly sliewetli tliat, as your Lordsliips well knowetli,
your suppliant's whole estate is detained in liis Majesty's hands,
since and during your petitioner's minority, he having as yet
nothing left to live on but bare [illegible) for his allowance, during
his Avardship, whereof your suppliant not having received a penny
for these four years last past, he hath been forced to go naked, had
he not asked some poor friend's credit for his poor clothes, which,
resting unpaid, hath left both him and them utterly void of all
further supply. In which extremity his Majesty was most graciously
pleased to give his reference to the Eight Honble. the Lord
Treasurer for the payment of your suppliant's arrearages, yet his
Lordship excusing the delay upon his Majesty's other occasions,
your suppliant is enforced most humbly to beseech your Lordsliips
to mediate with my Lord Treasurer for the present payment unto
your suppliant of the said arrearages, and the preventing of any
such future extremities as he hath now long time suffered. It being
a pitiful thing that a man whose whole estate is detained should
thus miserably starve in prison, which your Lordships taking into
your gracious consideration, he shall (as nevertheless bound) daily
pray for your Lordships' present and eternal happiness."

There is no date to the above petition, but it has been calendared
by Dr. Eussell and Mr. Prendergast under 1G20. A second
petition from the same to the same, bearing date January, 1G19,
runs as follows :—

AITENDIX. 301

" To the B'ujhi Hon. the Lords of his Majestifs Privij Council,

" The Ilumhlc Petition of Brian O'Eourkc, prisoner in the King's

Bench,

" In all submission humbling himself unto your Lordships that,
whereas your petitioner, being ward unto his Majesty, is every way
by himself disabled to take up such sums of money as may give
content unto his court charges, in that the laws of this realm admit
not his act to be of authority, by means whereof your petitioner is
likely to remain with tedious and miserable imprisonment, to the
hindrance of his ensuing preferment and present money without
your honours afford him some speedy redress.

" May it therefore please your Lordships, out of your accustomed
pity to a distressed prisoner, to mediate, by letters or otherwise as
seomoth best to your noble persons, with my Lord of Clanricard,
that he would furnish your petitioner with such sums as may pur-
chase his freedom, which your petitioner, God permittmg him to
attain to maturity, would faithfully repay.

" And your petitioner, as in all duty bound, shall implore Heaven
for all your honours, and {illegible) eternal glory upon ye all."

Two more dateless petitions, one in prose and one in verse, give
us further glimpses of the life of his Majesty's Irish wards in London.

" To the Ilonble. Lords and others of Jiis Majesty's Privy Council,

" The humble petition of Brian O'Rourke, Francis Congleton,
and Christopher Phillipson, humbly shewing that, whereas your
petitioners have understood that Aquila Weekes, keeper of the Gate-
house of Westminster, hath informed your honours of divers mis-
demeanours committed by your petitioners against him and his ser-
vants, which his reports are but mere suggestions and false surmises,
as we will make manifest before your honourable Lordships : In
tender consideration thereof we most humbly beseech your Lord-
ships to be pleased to command both our appearances before your
honourable tabic, that your Lordships maybe better satisfied of the
truth in this business. And your petitioners shall ever pray for
your Lordships' happy preservation."

On May 1st, 1G21, he again petitioned to be released from the
Gatehouse prison in Westminster.

302 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

" To the King's Most Excellent Majesty,
" The Humble Petition of Brian O'Bourke.

Oh ! enliglit thy hart with a sakred fire !
Glorious great lunge, grant but my desier.
Oh ! doe but grante that most gracious faver,
Now in my miserie prove my Savior ;
Libertie, sweet Sir, is all I crave,
Oh ! grant but that, and then my life you have.
In the meantime I am bound to pray
For thee my Soverayn long to bear sway,
And from your enemies may you always be
Guarded by Heaven's great polisy 1 "

Mr. Lemon has left the following note on the above documents
(v. Calendar of Irish State Papers, 1G14-25, p. 264).

" On the 8th of October, 1619, the Privy Council wrote to the
Lord Chief Justice that Brian O'Rourke, being brought over hither
to be brought up in religion, and to ' have that education that is
meet for a gentleman of his fashion and means,' was in the first
instance sent to the university, and from thence removed and
admitted into the Middle Temple, where he continued until it hap-
pened, on St. Patrick's day last, coming from supper with some of
his countrymen, he fell into a brawl, wherein some were hurt, and
O'Rourke thereupon committed to the Gatehouse.' He was then in-
dicted and removed to the King's Bench, and is there detained luiless
he can pay 800Z., for the charges and damages ' about a broken pate,'
desiring his Lordship to take order for his release. It seems that
the above letter was ineffectual, for on the 28th of November, 1619,
they wrote again to the Lord Chief Justice to release Brian O'Rourke
from the imprisonment he had so long endured, as the parties had
since procured a verdict against him for 280Z., and praying and re-
quiring his lordship to give order for ' stay of execution of that
verdict,' and to mediate ' some reasonable and indifferent composi-
tion between the parties.' It is not improbable that the subjoined
rude verses interested the king in his favour and caused the in-
terference of the Privy Council on his behalf.

" He appears, however, to have been a very troublesome fellow,
for on the 24th of January, 1621, the Privy Council themselves
committed him to the Marshalsea, for Avliat offence is not stated."
[Calendar I. S. P. 1614-25, p. 2G5.)

ArPENDix. 303

I.

{v. vol. i. p. 37.)

Lords Justices and CoifNciL to Pkivy Council,
June 22, 1G22.'

May it pleaao your honourable Lordships. We hold it our duty
to advertise your Lordships, that not only the Lords and gentlemen
here in a great assembly have complained to us of abuses in tho
plantations in this kingdom, but now many of the natives of Long-
ford, Ely O'Carrol, and Leitrim, and the lesser territories, with
daily importunities did so press upon us, that we thought best, in
regard of his knowledge of the Irish language, to entreat Mr. Hadsor
to peruse the matter of their complaints, but with this caution, that
if any of them did oppose his Majesty's title to that land, the great
inquisition or the instructions given by his Majesty for settling
of those several plantations, that they should be {illegible) by him ;
Avho accordingly has taken note of those which he conceiveth to be
just complaints within tho limits prescribed, and by our direction,
advised the petitioners to return into their several countries with
tlie assurance that, if there were cause, care should bo taken to in-
form his gracious Majesty, whereon they all returned, well satisfied,
as he assures us. Since their departure we have examined two
particular cases (of grievance), those of Shane MacBryan O'Farrell
and Sir John MacCoghlan. Shane MacBrian O'Farrell, as we
conceive, had wrong in not having any land at all assigned hun in
the plantation, seeing that of the lands found (by the inquisition) to
bo his in the county of Longford after all deductions, or anything
that we hear or can be said, he had left (as it was passed to other
men) 106 acres of profitable and 348 of miprofitable lands, and by
the king's instructions all that had above 60 or 100 acres were only
to lose a fourth, or if they would not submit, a third part of their
freeholds. And likewise we find that Sir John MacCoghlan was
wronged in his loss of his lands in the King's County, which he had
truly purchased of Sir John King, and held by patent from his
» S. P. I. vol. 230, 23, Rolls House.

304 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IG-ll.

Majesty. To omit other particulars, and because we hoped that
those two were but singular cases, that might in so great a work
as these plantations easily slip in, we advised that the commissioners
for plantations should propose some satisfaction to these men, Sir
John MacCoghlan and Shane MacBrian O'Farrell, out of the lands
yet unbestowed, and that the proportion miglit be so good, that the
new patentees might be willing to take them, and leave the peti-
tioners their own land, which would be to their full content.

This moderation we the rather advised, for that we find, although
for Sir John MacCoghlan's obstinacy and refusal to submit, order
was sent from England to take away a third part of his land, yet
your Lordships had formerly written in his favour, and his com-
plaint is, that much more than a third was taken away from him,
besides his patent lands. And my Lord Justice Powerscourt, my
Lord President Wilmot, and other ancient servitors here, give great
testimony of the valour and fidelity of Sir John MacCoghlan, fight-
ing for the English Crown against the rebels, in the places and
lands now taken away from him. We did likewise order that Mr.
Hadsor should communicate the rest of his complaints (which are
many) to Mr. Surveyor Sir William Parsons to be examined,
whether, in truth, the instructions his Majesty gave were broken,
and they wronged or not; but it hath pleased God that the con-
tinued sickness of Sir William Parsons, best acquainted with that
business, hath hindered our hopes of success and expedition in these
our directions, and now the Lady McCoghlan again importunes us,
and we are advertised that the natives prepare to come up by multi-
tudes out of those parts (to urge in person their grievances). To
prevent this, we have written letters to the several sheriffs to wish
them for saving of their charge rather to send a few agents to deal
for them, and in the meantime we, for (the sake of) his Majesty's
service, humbly entreat your Lordships to give some speedy direc-
tions what answer may be given to those petitioners, whose case or
complaint in general is this : they had all lands found to be theirs
by the great office, but when the glebes and other public lands were
deducted they were esteemed in the survey to be under GO or 100
acres, and yet sometimes they were passed to others for more. All
of the natives thus dispossessed (of their small freeholds) were by
the instructions to be made lessees for three lives, or some years
at reasonable rents, but by the instructions for that plantation
(the case of Wexford may differ from the rest, yet wherein Ave
know not, the instructions for its plaiitation not appearing unto
us) they, the dispossessed natives, could not be lessees to the
king, but to some of the undertakers or other natives, and the com-

APPENDIX. 305

missioners here in their discretion do not think fit to let them be
lessees of their own land taken from them, and the midertaker'a
rents and fines and {illegible) and charges are so great that they
cannot afford to take only a reasonable rent, so that the poor (dispos-
sessed) men have in truth nothing, yet seem to be so reasonable
that divers of them offer to talce satisfaction out of the mountain
wood, bog, and unprofital^le lands given to others, and to pay rent to
his Majesty for them (as Mr. Hadsor telle us), but this would make a
new work of these plantations, like that of Wexford, undone after the
patents were sealed, and new made again. Now for the satisfaction
of those poor men, or suppressing of their claims, what course your
iiordsbip shall please to direct by the new Lord Deputy, or to the
Lords Justices here, we will dutifully expect, having discharged our-
selves and our duties, we hope, as far as we can see.

VOL. II.

30G THE IRISH massacuks of kmi.

J.

The first Remonstrance op Phelim MacFeagh Byrne.'

This remonstrance is made by Phelim MacFeagli Byrne, in
the behalf of himself and his five sons, now close prisoners in his
]\rajesty's castle of Dublin, of a few of those many exceptions which
miglit be taken against the proceedings which have been of late
held against them ; wherein, though the said Phelim should be
silent, and conceal his grievances against them, yet the whole
kingdom is so full and sensible of it, and the echo thereof doth so
fill all places, as your Lordships who ai'e appointed commissioners
to inquire of this matter, cannot but take notice thereof. But yet
that the said Phelim may not seem to sleep in so dread an hour, he
doth most humbly offer your Lordships these matters following :

First, the nature and quality of the Gi-and Jury which did lately
pass upon the said Phelim and his sons at Wicklow, (within most
men's opinion) was packed of purpose, to take away the life and
estate of the said Phelim and his sons, as will easily appear by
taking these jurors by the roll and considering of them, wherein
Sir James FitzPierse was the foreman, whose father, brother, mother
and sister, or the most of them, were at one time burned or killed
by Walter Reagh FitzGerald, who was accompanied by Turlogh
MacPheagh, brother to the said Phelim, and others of near alliance
to the said Phelim, in that bloody action, in those late troublesomo
times of this kingdom. Since which time the said Sir James hath
borne a secret and mortal hatred unto the said Phelim and his
family, as might be instanced in many particulars. And yet to
this man's judgment was the life of Phelim and all his children
committed, that he might likewise cut off root and branch at one
blow.

Sir Henry Bellings was the next man of the said jury, a man
generally known to be the only informer against the said Phelim

• MSS. T.C.D. F. o, 17.

APPKXDrx. 307

and his sons, as will appear more plainly by the subsequent matters
with which he standeth charged. And the said Phelim is ready to
prove that the said Sir Henry Bellings used these or the like words,
to the said Sir James FitzPierse in George Sherlock's house at
Wicklow at the time of the trial ; ' Now is the time for you, Sir
James, to be revenged on Phelim MacPheagh and his sons, for the
blood of your friends spilt by them.'

George Sherlock, at whose house these words were spoken, was
one of the said jury (appointed to try Phehm's case), and is a man
who is altogether ruled by the said Sir James, who doth lodge at
the said Sherlock's house at Wicklow at all assizes and quarter
sessions, where the said Sir James being a Justice of the Peace
doth duly attend, and by that means bringeth great profit to the
said Sherlock. William Pluck, who is servant to the said Sir
Henry Bellings, attended his said master in this service and wag
one of the jury.

And as for the rest of the said jurors, they are either allied or
have dependency on the Lord Esmond, and some other of tho
undertakers, who have in a manner divided that whole county
between them, and were to have proportions in the said Phelim'g
lands ; as namely Mr. Robert Walker, and Mr. Matthews of tho
Rath, were and are tenants unto the said Lord Esmond, and Roger
Wickam, who was likewise of the said jury, is nephew unto the said
Jjord Esmond, and as for IMr. Fcnton, William Pluck, John Fitz-
Gerald and the rest, they are known to be dependants on the said
undertakers.

And this is tho first thing which the said Phelim doth offer
unto the consideration of the said Commissioners, to consider
whether tliese men thus excepted against, can be competent judges
of the said Phelim's life and estate, and the lives and fortunes of
his children ; or whether they be such men (in regard the most of
them have no freehold in the said county, but are bare dependants
on the said Phelim's adversaries) Avhich his Majesty's writ doth
command to be summoned, which runneth in this form, * Prcs-
ceptumfuit vicecomiti quod venire faciat coram nobis 2i probos et
legales homines comitatus predicti, quorum quilibet habeat per se
X lib. ster. vel redditus ad minus p)er annum, ad inquirendum, etc."

And the said Phelim doth not doubt but if the sheriff were
examined upon oath, but that he would confess that tho said jurors,
or the principal of them, were nominated by the means of some
great persons, or by direction from authority, and so agahist the
laws and statutes of this kingdom. The next thing which the said
Phelim doth offer unto the consideration of tlic said Commissioners

X 2

308 THE inisii iMASSaciies of ig4i.

is, tlio violent and midne proceeding of the said Grand Jury after
tliey were sworn, which will appear hy these particulars.

First, it will he found if matters be examined into upon oath
that no evidence was delivered to the Grand Jury against the said
Phelim but the examination of Nicholas Notter, a man that hath
been a common and notorious thief, and who was prosecuted so
hard by the said Phelim for stealing of seven cows and five garrons
from his tenants, as he was forced to fly that country, and being
further pursued by the said Phelim, had no way to secm-e himself
but by accusing of the said Phelim. And tliis was the fit man
found out to give evidence against him to such a foreman of the
jury as Sir James FitzPierse.

Secondly, if Sir Henry Bellings were here to be examined upon
oath, he could not deny but that the Right Honourable the Loi'd
Chief Justice, being doubtful of what credit this evidence would be
to the jury, the said Sir Henry desired the Lord Chief Justice to
sign the bill and he would undertake the finding of it, which the
said Phelim doth hope that the Lord Chief Justice cannot forget,
being so fresh in his memory. And as for the former words spolcen
by him to Sir James FitzPierse, the said Phelim will not trouble
your Lordship with repetition of them.

Thirdly, the eyes of great men were so fixed upon the success of
this business that two several pacquets were dispatched to Wicklow
about it, during the time of the trial, and these were sent for tlie
more expedition by William Greame, one of the Right Honourable
the Lord Deputy's chamber, and who is a professed enemy to the
said Phelim and his family ; and the said William had two or
three horses set by the way to return with more expedition Avith the
news of the said verdict.

The third thing which the said Phelim doth offer unto the
consideration of the said Commissioners is, the proceedings which
were held after the bill was found, which will be seen in these
particulars.

The first thing which happened after the bill was found by the
said Grand Jury, was the sudden death of the said Phelim's wife, who,
though in perfect health at the time of the said trial, yet when she
perceived the courses which were taken against her said husband and
her five sons, and that their professed and known enemies were the
prime and leading men of the said jury, she was so overwhelmed
with grief that her heartstrings brake, and she died within some
two days after. And after she was interred for the space of three
weeks thereabouts, the body (contrary to all law and justice) was
digged up in the presence of Mr. Fox, who is vicar of Wicklow, and

APPENDIX. 300

tfilicu out of the ground in a most barbarous and inlunnan manner.
And this shameful act, which is Avithout example, was done, as tlie
authors pretend, by direction from public authority, which the said
Phelim doth humbly desire may be inquired after.

Secondly, the adversaries of the said Phelim were so thirsty
after his blood and so impatient of delay that the term was has-
tened before the usual time, to no other end, as is conceived by the
most of that kingdom, but to make a quick dispatch of the said
Phelim and his sons ; for the Courts did sit some seven or eight
days before the return of any writ, except it was the venire facias
which was for the trial of the said Phelim and his sons, which
being stayed by his Majesty's most gracious commission, the said
Courts had nothing to do until the ordinary time of the return of
writs was come.

Thirdly, there have been some (which is a fearful thing to be
thought of) executed in this city of Dublin by martial law, in or
about term time, when the Courts of Justice have been open, who
were never brought to public trial, to the shame of justice. And
some of these have declared in the hearing of thousands at the
time of their death, which was not an hour to dissemble with God
or the world, .that they could not do that service against Phelim
or any of his sons which was desired of them, and that they knew
nothing whereof to accuse Phelim nor his sons, concerning Morrogh
Baccagh, as John Toole, who was lately executed here in town by
martial laAV, and divers others who suffered in the country.

And what do these extraordinary courses portend but that the
ruin of the said Phelim and his posterity was intended by the Lord
J)cputy ? whose master piece hath been for these two last years to
rack matter against the said Phelim and his sons out of prisons
and dungeons, as will appear more particularly by that which
foUoweth.

The fourth thing which the said Phelim doth offer unto the
consideration of the Courts is the preparing of convicted or attainted
persons for that trial to accuse Phelim and his sons. And these
will be found to be either those who have refused to be drawn by
promises and rewards to accuse them, or who are of that base and
tainted condition that the law and justice doth reject their
testimony.

The following are the names of such as could not be drawn to
accuse Phelim and his sons :

Cahir McBrien of Ballydonnellstown was committed by the
above named Sir Henry Bellings for not accusing them, and when
the said Sir Henry could not draw him thereto neither by threats

310 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G4].

nor promises of reward, tlie said Sir Henry set liim at liberty for a
nag of four pounds price.

Donogli Corren of Tiglicullen, in tlie county of Carlow, being
appreliended by tlie said Sir Henry and brought before the Lord
Deputy, was set at hberty when he could not persuade him to
accuse Phelim or his sons.

Melaghlin McDonogh Oge of Fyana, in Eanelagh, was examined
and promised great matters by Sir Henry Bellings if that he would
accuse Phelim and his sons, but the said Sir Henry not being able
to tempt him, he set him at liberty on some equivalent reward.

Edmund McDermot was in like sort tempted by the said Sir
Henry Bellings, and released for a nag, when he could not be drawn
to accuse Phelim and his sons. Tirlogh McGarret was used in the
same nature by Sir Henry, who likewise received a nag from him,
as will be proved. Uonogh IMcPhilip was likewise in durance for
the same cause, until he purchased his enlargement of the said Sir
Henry for a garran.

Lysagh McMurtagh Byrne, being apprehended by tlie aforesaid
William Graham, who offered him rewards and the favour of the
Lord Deputy, if that he would accuse Phelim and his sons ; but the
said Lysagh, protesting that he knew nothing by them, purchased
his peace of the said Graham for seven pounds, which he paid unto
him.

Tirlogh McFardorogh, being apprehended by the said William
Graham and his servants, was promised the favour of the Lord
Deputy, and that his Ijordship would make him a man, if that he
would join with his brother Gerald in accusing Phelim and hia
sons ; but being not able to persuade with him, he suffered him to
go at large ; and with this the said Phelim did charge the said
Graham before the Lord Deputy at the Council table, but little
notice was taken thereof at the time.

And whether this be not a poisoning of justice, contrary to the
wholesome laws and justice of this kingdom at the very fountain
head, where nothing but bitter waters can be expected, the said
Phelim doth humbly leave to the consideration of the said Commis-
sioners.

The names of those that have been drawn by promises of re-
wards to accuse the said Phelim and his sons are :

Nicholas Notter, whose examination was the only evidence which
was given to the Grand Jury as aforesaid, he was furnished with
apparel and other necessaries for doing that service, and this as
the said Phelim had good cause to think from some such tempter.

Lysagh Duffe IMacLoughlin hath been a common thief, and

APPENDIX. 311

being prosecuted at tlic last assi/.cs at Wicklow, by Luke Byrne, wlio
is nephew to tlie said Plielini, for stealing a horse, and Condcnnied
for the same, did in malice and to save his life undertake to accuse
the said Phelim ; for which service he was set at liberty and well
clothed, with allowance of meat and drink.

Gerald McFerdoragh is brother-in-law to Shane Bane, who was
apprehended by Hugh MacPhelim, being in rebellion, and thereupon
executed ; for which he doth charge Phelim and his sons. And for
pretending this service the said Gerald hath the liberty of the castle
and his diet.

Ednnmd McDowall Ena hath been a connnon thief, and several
times indicted and tried for the same, as may appear by the several
records thereof ready to be produced, and he being foimd guilty of
several offences at the last assizes at Wicklow, desired the benefit
of his book, which being tendered unto him, he could not read, and
was thereupon adjudged to die ; but the said Edmund promising to
do service against Phelim and his sons, his book was tendered unto
him the next day, and he had the benefit thereof, though he could
not read therein, nor cannot at this time.

And hoAV dangerous it may be to the subject that they who shall
undertake to accuse others should receive countenance from him
Avho represents the person of the king, the said Phelim leaveth to
the consideration of the said Commissioners. The exceptions of the
said Phelim against the rest are aa just, for they are exceptions
which the law doth take, and not of the said Phelim's framing,
as will appear by that which followeth. Edmund Duffe being pre-
sented by the wife of John Wolverston for burglary committed since
the said John went last into England, and being brought to the
gallows by her prosecution, it was demanded of him whether he
would do service, and to have his life, being then ready to bo
turned oil the gibbet, he undertook to accuse Phelim and his sons,
or some of them. Tiegue MacWalter hath been a common and
notorious thief, and arraigned four several times at one sessions and
kept in close prison, until hope of a pardon did draw him to accuse
Phelim and his sons.

Dermot O'Toole hath been a common thief, and these three
years hath been in prison, and questioned for several stealths and
robberies, and had no way to save his life but to accuse Phelim and
his sons or some of them.

AValter Butler is a man that hath been in rebellion, and to save
his life hath accused Phelim and his sons or some of them.

Shane Duffe MacTiegue, Avho is one of Phelim's accusers, is a
man of an ill and lascivious life, having compacted with tlie devil.

312 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

and was many times in familiar correspondence with the devil, as
the said Shane hath confessed hefore many. And of as ill and
notorious a life ia Brian Albanagh, his son, who is another that
doth pretend to do service, as they term it, on the said Phelim and
his sons.

Cahir Beogh of Kilballow is one who hath been always mali-
ciously bent against the said Phelim, and brought in Sir Kichard
Graham, the father of the said William Graham, into that territory,
and procured the said Eichard to pass a great proportion of the said
Phelim's lands ; a part whereof the said Cahir hath now in his pos-
session, and to that end would be glad that Phelim and his sons
were cut off, lest in time they might question him for the said lands.
Owen, alias Owny McMurrogh Byrne, having fled the kingdom
for some criminal olfence, was apprehended upon his return, and
being brought before the Lord Deputy was committed by his Lord-
ship's directions, and soon after put upon a rack, which he endured
at that time with much torture ; but in his weakness remembering
his former tortures, did yield in the end to accuse the said Phelim
and his sons or some of them.

And whether these be fit or competent witnesses to convict the

said Phelim and his sons, or whether it is likely that the said Phelim

should commit the great designs and ill purposes he is charged with

to the secresy of such ministers as these, and should not labour to

draw into his faction a more likely party, the said Phelim doth

humbly offer to the consideration of the said Commissioners, before

whom he doth protest, as in the presence of Him who knoweth all

secrets, that he never harboured a thought of those horrible offences

which he is charged with : neither was there any provocation to him

thereto, his late Majesty having signified his pleasure by four several

letters that the said Phelim should entirely enjoy all such lands as his

father died seised of, or was reputed to die seised of ; and his Majesty

that now is, having by the advice of all his Lords of his council and

the opinion of the Commissioners for Irish affairs, signed two several

bills for the settling of all the said lands on Phelim and his sons,

which being altered on the information of those great persons who

have desired to make themselves lords of the said territory, they

thought themselves engaged to cast what aspersions they could

upon the said Phelim and his sons, who since the time that the heir

of Sir Terence O'Dempsey (whose daughter was questioned for her

life by the said Phelim's son) was married to the Rt. Hon. the Lord

Deputy's daughter, they found an eclipse of those favours which

they were formerly wont to receive from his Lordship.

And this storm hath been increased by reason of the late grant

APPENDIX. 313

M-hich the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Carhsle did pass of the Byrne's
country in England, the envy whereof doth now fall heavy upon the
said Pheliiu and his said sons, who are supposed to be the chief
instruments used by the said earl therein. But now the said Phelim
and his sons do thank God that their great master hath taken these
matters into his own royal consideration, and appointed your Lord-
ships to be his delegates, to inform yourself of the premises, and to
make such a return as the whole kingdom may have cause to bless
you and your posterity for it.

And in regard it will be impossible for the said Phelim or his
friends to make proof of the former particulars, if that the same
be divulged and come to the knowledge of their adversaries, the
said Phehm doth desire your Lordships upon his bended knees
to seal up the same in secrecy, mitil he shall make proof of those
matters which your Lordships do most doubt of, and in the mean-
time to protect the said Phelim and his friends from the greatness
of their said adversaries, who, as in other things, so in this, will
labour to suppress them. And they shall pray, etc.

314 THE IRISH MASSACUES OF IGll.

K.

December 1st, 1G28; Puesent, Loud Chanoellou (Adam
LoFTus), Loud Chief Justice (Sir G. Shirley), Lord
Archbishop of Dublin (Lakcelot Bulkely), Sir Arthur
Savage.'

Seventh Deponent. Hugh MacGerrald, being duly sworn and
examined, deposeth that he was apprehended by Wilham Gnmne,
the Provost Marshal, who kept him seven days in his custody, tied
with a handloclc, and two several times the said Graliara threatened
to hang this examt. if ho would not do service against Phclim Mac-
Pheagh, one time sending for a ladder, and another time shewing
a tree, whereupon he would hang him, and the ropes and withes,
but the examt. making protestation of having no matter to lay to
the said Phelim's charge did choose rather to suffer than to impeach
him without a cause. He saith that there were present at one time
Mr. Calcott Chamber the elder and younger, and Mr. Sandford, when
the said Graeme threatened to hang this examt., and at that time
the examt. verily believeth he had been hanged if Mr. Chamber, ob-
serving the examt. to be on his knees, to prepare himself by prayer for
death, had not dissuaded the said Graham from it for that time, the
examt. being told by some present who interpreted to him Mr.
Chamber's speeches, that Mr. Chamber would not have the examt.
hanged on his land without better ground (of his guilt). He further
saith, that after ho was committed to prison, wlioro ho luith remained
twenty-two weeks, he was divers times solicited by Sir Henry
Boilings and Mr. William Graeme promising him that he sliould
liave from the Lord Deputy much favour, means of livelihood, and
his liberty, if he would do service against Phelim IMacPheagh and
his sons, which he refused, having nothing whereof to accuse them.
He saith that he was several times brought to the Et. Hon. tlio
Lord Deputy to be examined, many fair promises being made him

' MSS. T.C.I).

ArrEM)ix.

;15

by the said Sir Henry and Ih. Graham, so as he Avould do service
against the said riielini and liis sons, which he this examt. Avas not
able to do.

Dec. 1, 1028. Pkesent, Lokd Chancellor, Lord Chief
Justice, Lord Archbishop of Dublin, Sir Arthur Savage.

Tenth Deponent. Ludowick Ponten, gentleman, being duly
sworn and examined saith, that in the beginning of the last term he
was going down St. Patrick Street, and that one Lysagli Duffe
]\IcMelaghlin, standing within a shop, called the said Lodowick by his
name and asked an alms of him. The said Lodowick answered and
told him that he did not think he wanted any alms by reason he was
very fat in flesh, and well clothed, whereupon L.>sagh said that he
thanked the Lord Deputy for his clothes, for they were given him
by the Lord Deputy, and a better thing. The said Lodowick then
answered that he was happy that the Deputy was so well-aflfected
towards him to give him the like. Then the said Lysagh said that
the cause why he had that reward was for accusing Phelim Mac-
Pheagh and his sons for the reheving of Murrogh Baccagh. The
said Lodowick said it was well done of him so to do if he might with
truth accuse them. Then the said Lysagh said that he could not
accuse them justly of anything, but that he belied them to save his
own life, he being formerly condemned for the stealing of a horse :
and also said that every man that he was acquainted withal was
beholding unto him for not accusing them with the like lies, and
said that there was no man that was in his case but would do the
like to save his own life : and withal that he would rather do it
because Luke Birne, Redmond McPheagh's son, presented against
him the last assizes for stealing a horse. And at another time the
said Lodowick, standing at Sergeant Catlin's door waiting for Mr.
Francis Sandford's coming out of the office, this Lysagh Duffe pass-
ing by, he wearing of a mantle, the said Lodowick asked him where
he had that mantle, and he answered that he borrowed that mantle,
and said that the Lord Deputy bought a blue mantle for him that
cost ten shillings. Whereupon the said Lodowick said that he
(Lisagh) was beholding to the Lord Deputy. Then Lisagh said
that the Lord Deputy promised him to release his brother that was
committed for Murrogh Baccagh's cause, for the service that he, the
said Lysagh, did in accusing Phelim MacPheagh and his sons, and
then the said Lysagh went away.^

' Compare Phelinrs account of Lysagh Duffe at p. 310.

31 G THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGil.

Further tlie said Lodowick saith, that Sir James FitzPierse
FitzGerald told him several times that Walter Reogh, and Phelim
MacPheagh, and Piedmond MacPheagh burned his (Sir James')
fatlier and mother.

Further the said Lodowick saith, heknoweth William Pluke, one
that was in the Grand Jury finding the indictments against Phelim
MacPheagh and his sons, to be servant in livery to Sir Henry
Bellings.

Further the said Lodowick saith, that he knoweth John Fitz-
Gerald, one that was in the Grand Jury, to be a dependant on the
undertakers in the Ranelaghs, and a sergeant inlooking to their
woods, and now dwelling in the plantation.

Lodowick Ponten.

2nd December, 1G28. Present, Lord Chancellor, Lord
Primate (Usher), Lord Archbishop op Dublin, Lord
Chief Justice, Sir Arthur Savage.

Fourteenth Deponent. Murtogh MacTiegue O'Doyle being duly
sworn and examined saith, that Sir Henry Bellings having sent
some of his people to the examt.'s house to apprehend him, the
examt. was not then at home, wherefore his Avife was taken and
carried to Limerick to the Lord Esmond, which so soon as the
examt. heard at his return home from a fair where he had been to
buy hogs, he immediately departed from home and came to this
city to Sir Henry Bellings a fortnight before Lammas Day last, who
brought him to the Lord Deputy, where he was examined and com-
mitted to prison, where he hath hitherto remained. He saith that
no man hath dealt with him by promising reward, release, or other
recompense for accusing any or doing service against any.

Fifteenth Deponent. Gerrald Owny being duly sworn and ex-
amined saith, that he hath remained in restraint this half year
wanting only a fortnight, being charged with stealing cattle for
Phelim MacPheagh. He saith that no man hath dealt with him by
promising him any reward or recompense for accusing or doing
service against any man.

December 6th, 1628. Thirty-fifth Deponent. William Eustace
of Castlemartin, in the county of Kildare, Esquire, being duly sworn
to set down in writing under his hand what he can say or hath
heard and knoAvn concerning Phelim MacPheagh and his sons now
prisoners, and others, for cause of hatred, or malice, or otherwise, of
any other matters known to him that may concern the said Phelim

APPENDIX. 317

or his sons, doth declare his knowledge as followcth : Ist, I do well
remember and know that Sir Piers FitzGerald of Ballysonan, in the
county of Kildare, knt., was taken prisoner by Pheagli MacHugh
Birne, father to this Phelim now prisoner, and some of their fol-
lowers killed on both sides, as also that Pheagh MacHugh kept Sir
Piers prisoner until such time as there was a consideration given for
liis enlargement.

2ndly, I do well remember and know, that the said Pheagh
married one of his daughters to Walter Eeogh FitzGerald, when he
was banished by the said Sir Piorso'a means out of the county of
Kildare.

8rdly, I do well remember and know, for that banishment and
other occasions that the said Walter Keogh FitzGerald, accompanied
by his brothers-in-law, this Phelim now prisoner, and Redmond
MacPheagh now living, and divers others of their adlierents, went
afterwards to a place in the county Kildare called Ardrio, where
finding the said Sir Pierse FitzGerald in a little castle that was
thatched with but straw or sedge, set fire to the same and burnt him
and his wife, and one of his daughters there.

4thly, I do well remember and knoAV, that after these occasions
and after the death of the said Pheagh MacHugh that Sir James
FitzPierse FitzGerald now living, did go into England to procure
letters for passing the said Phelim's lands of Ranelagh, or part
thereof, as also that he did prosecute and endeavour all he could to
pass the said lands according to the effect of his said letters, until
he was crossed by reason of a general instruction sent soon after by
the State of England after the last great rebellion, for settling of
divers of the Irish of the province of Leinster, and this Phelim and
his brother Redmond were by special name inserted therein for
their ancient estate and lands.

Sthly, I do well remember and know, that after the settlement
of the said Phelim and his brother Redmond in their own possessions,
it happened upon their going homewards from Dublin, that they
and their compo,ny met with the aforesaid Sir James FitzPierse
FitzGerald and others in his company in the county of Wicklow,
taking aAvay certain stud mares by force from them, or from some of
their friends, and then did take the said Sir James prisoner and
killed one of his horsemen, and took him home along with them to
his house of Ballynecorr.

Gthly, I do well remember and know, that within a few years
after the aforesaid Sir James did entertain and countenance with
all his endeavours certain of the said Phelim's followers and tenants,
that preteii^led title to part of the said Phelim's lands, and by that

318 THE IRISH .AFASSACllRS OF Kill.

means did often trouble the said Plielim, and give cause of ofYence
to him and his tenants, and soon after gained a proportion of tlie
said Phelim's lands by that means, and afterwards Sir James fell
into a great league of friendship with Sir Eichard Grneme, knt.,
being then one of the greatest adversaries that the said Phelim had,
as appeareth by the countenancing of divers of his followers and
supposed freeholders against the said Phelim, by which means and
otherwise' he gained a great part of the said Phelim's estate, and
sought by all endeavours, as well to the State as otherwise, to pro-
cure as much harm and hindrance as possibly he could to the said
Phelim.

7thly, I do well remember and know, that the said Sir James's
near kinswoman, Mary Dempsey, was supposed to be prosecuted by
Phelim and his sons, or by their means, for her life, which was ill
taken by the said Sir James and Sir Terence Dempsey, knt., father
of the said ]\Iary.

8thly, I do well remember and know, that now lately by reason
of the late plantation there, Ballymoroghroe and other the lands
which the said Sir James got into his possession being taken from
him, that he petitioned soon after to the Rt. Hon. the Lord Deputy
for recompense for the same, of some other lands of the plantation
there, in regard he had been one of the first that moved for a plan-
tation in Ranelagh, and whether this and the rest do show first and
last to be causes of hatred and malice (to Phelim and his brothers)
I humbly leave to your honourable censure.

9thly, I do well remember and know, that since the time that
Phelim MacPheagh procured letters out of England for confirmation
of the first instructions formerly mentioned to pass the whole terri-
tory of Ranelagh to him, because his own patent first past did not
extend to the true meaning of the first settlement, and letters sent
out of England in that behalf, that his o^vn brother Redmond and
all the natives of the territory of Ranelagh and Cosha that were
supposed freeholders by gavelkind of the most part of the said
Ranelagh and Cosha, did always join together to do the said Phelim
and his sons all the mischief they could, as well appeareth by their
working to hinder him from passing a new patent in all the time of
the Lord Grandison's government, and the now Lord Deputy's
time, and part of the same natives do now also accuse the said
Phelim and his sons more than any others, and have all their
depending upon none but such as have got part of the said Phelim's
estate or patrimony, or others that are knoAvn adversaries to the said
Phelim.

lOthly, I do well remember and know, that the said Phelim

Ari'lONDIX. ?)19

before his late imprisonment did publicly tax William Grajme, sou
to Sir Eicliard Gramme, knt., and inheritor of such lands as his
father got from the said Phelim, that he sought to procure and
draw one Tirlogh Bane, tenant to the said Phelim to Dublin, for
concurring and agreeing with what his brother Garret Bane then
and now prisoner could say against the said Phelim by way of ac-
cusation ; at which time the said Phelim offered to prove the same
by witnesses ; and the said William doth also maintain and coun-
tenance one Cahir Pteagh, being one of the aforesaid natives, who
hath been these thirty years or more factiously bent for a pretended
title to part of the said Phelim's lands, to do the said Phelim all
the harm he could, by the countenance and supporting of the said
William Greame's father, and liveth now upon the said lands
under the said William free from imprisonment, for that which he
accuseth Brian MacPhelim withal concealing the same as the other
did. If it bo treason I humbly leave it to consideration.

llthly, I do know all the Grand Jury that found the Bills of
Indictment against Phelim at Wicldow for the most part not to be
freeholders, except a few that were not iiidiiferent, and the rest
who had no freehold had altogether their dependancies as tenants
or otherwise upon such persons as have got a great part of Phelim's
estate in their hands.

12thly and lastly, I do well Imow that Pierso Sexton, late
sheriff of the county Wicklow, had not a freehold ansAverable to a
statute in that case provided to be sheriff, but by the favour and
means of my Lord Esmond, who hath gotten part of the said
Phelim's lands, Pierse Sexton's wife being a near kinswoman to
the said Lord Esmond.

William Eustace.

Twenty-seventh Deponent. W^alter Butler being duly sworn
and examined saith, that about a fortnight after ]\Iay last, he was
apprehended as having converse with Murrogh Baccagh, being this
examt.'s ixncle. He saith that he was brought before the Kt. Hon.
the Lord Deputy to be examined several times, and that the Lord
Deputy told him, that three or four witnesses had proved his being
privy to the confederacy of Murrogh Baccagh and Phelim MacPheagh
or his sons, ajid when the examt. denied to have any such know-
ledge, the Lord Deputy told him he should be hanged. He saith
also that Sir Henry Bellings and Mr. William Graham did promise
the examt. his pardon and his life, if he should concur with the
rest, in doing service against Phelim MacPheagh and his sons ;
and that if he would not do it he should be hanged ; whereupon he

320 THE IRISH massacres of ig41.

answered that if lie had service he would do it to save his life. And
he also saith that to save his own life he would do service against
his father.

27th November, 1628. Francis Sandford deposeth, that all he
knoweth concerning the prosecution against Phclim MacPheagli is,
that there was one Edmund MacDonall this last assizes condemned
at Wicklow who was afterwards saved, and as this examt. heard it
was because the said Edmund could do some service against Phelim
MacPheagh and his children in a plot, whereof Murrogh Baccagh
had been the principal plotter, and as this examt. heard Sir Henry
Bellings was a principal cause of his saving.

Seventeenth Deponent. Grace Pont, widow, duly sworn and
examined saith, that when Phelim MacPheagh's wife died, there
was a report that she was not dead : wherefore the parish clerk and
some others, the examt. being present, did dig open a grave, in the
church of Kathdrum, where they found no body, and close by that
digged another grave, where they found the body of the said Phelim's
wife, and presently closed up the ground again, but by what warrant
that was done she knoweth not.

Twelfth Deponent. Teigo MacWalter being duly sworn and
examined saith, that he was committed to prison some three weeks
before Lammas Day past (1628) by one of William Graham's
servants, where he hath ever since remained ; he saith that the
occasion of his committal was an accusation made against him by
one Dermot Toole and others, that he was privy to some concern
between Phelim MacPheagh and his sons and Morrogh Baccagh.
And the examt. affirmed that he neither knew the man, nor to his
knowledge did at any time see him, saving, as he formerly declared
to the Lord Deputy at his examination, that one time he had occa-
sion to come into the house of Elizabeth ny Shane in Ballynecorr,
where he saw a stranger unknown to him, together with the said
Dermot and others. And the examt. demanding who it was, he
was told by those who were present, that the said stranger was one
of the sheriff's men ; but since this examt. hath heard that his
accusers pretend that that stranger was Murrogh Baccagh, and
other knowledge than that he hath none of him. He complaineth
that since his restraint, he hath been very severely used, having
been oppressed with grievous irons on his neck and legs, and having
been kept five weeks in a dark dungeon, without fire or candlelight.
By occasion of which hard terms wherein he stood, he saith that
he was brought to that extremity, that he had purposed to say any-
thing that would be demanded of him, and that he thinketh there
is no man but would do so.

APPENDIX. 321

Ninth Deponent. Derniot O'Toole being duly sworn and
examined saith, that some seventeen or eighteen weeks since, he
was sent for by the Et. Hon. the Lord Deputy, whereupon he came
and immediately presented himself before his lordship, at Avhich
time he was committed upon false accusations, as he affirmeth,
made against him of having knowledge of some concerns between
Murrogh Baccagh and Phelim MacPheagh and his sons. And he
saith that since his committal, he hath been solicited by Sir Henry
Belling to do service against Phelim MacPheagh and his sons, in
accusing thom to have had converse or dealings with Murrogh
Baccagh, with promise that in recompense thereof he should be
enlarged, and have his pardon, and that if he did not yield to do
such service he should be lianged. He deposeth also that the said
Sir Henry dealt with him in like manner with the like promises
for accusing Phelim MacFeagh with the death of Mr. Pont. All
which the examt. denied, being unable to accuse them thereof.
He saith also that being examined before the Lord Deputy touching
the said matters of Morrogh Baccagh and Mr. Pont, when this
examt. did not declare anything in accusation of any man, the
Lord Deputy wished him to choose whether of these three provosts-
marshal he would be hanged by, viz. Mr. Bowen, Mr. Graham, or
Sir Henry Bellings, whereunto this examt. answered that he was
innocent of any crime and tlierefore hoped not to bo hanged by
any man.

Twenty-fourth Deponent. William Duffe McLaghlin being duly
sworn and examined saith, that he was committed to prison twenty
weeks since, whore he hath ever since remained, upon an accusation
made against him by Dermot Toole, that the examt. had some con-
federacy with Morrogh Baccagh whereof he is in no way guilty. He
this examt. saith there was no reward or recompense offered him to
accuse Phelim or his sons.

Twenty-fifth Deponent. Morris O'Mulconry being duly sworn
and examined saith, that about eight weeks since he was committed
upon an accusation made against him (as he understandeth) by
Gerald MacFerdorogh, who accuseth this examt. to have been a con-
federate with Morrogh Baccagh. He saith that the examt. having
been brought before the Lord Deputy and Mr. Serjeant Brereton to
be examined, the Lord Deputy told this examt. that if he did not
declare what he knew of the confederacy between Morrogh Baccagh
and Phelim MacFeagh and his sons, that he, this examt., should be
put into bolts. He saith also that some five or six years since he
was in company with and assisting Hugh McPhelim when he appre-
hended Shane Bane and Tirlogh Archbold, who were in rebellion,

VOL. II. Y

322 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

and brought them to the assizes at Wicklow, where they were exe-
cuted. He saith also that Shane Bane was brother-in-hiw to
tlie said Gerald MacFedoragh. He saith also that one Murrogh
MacHugh, who as this examt, heard accuseth Phelira, is uncle to
the said Shane, and that Tirlogh Archbold and Gerald's wife are
cousins german. And he saith that Tirlogh Archbold is sister's
son to Murrogh MacHugh.

Thirty-sixth Deponent. May it please your Honours, — In
accomplishment of your Lordships' warrant of the 21st of this
month, I have made search for the causes against the persons
named in the said warrant, and do find that Nicholas Nottery, one
of the said persons, stands indicted of two several felonies, the ono
being found against him at the assizes held at Wicklow, the 14th
of August, 1G2G, for the felonious stealing of two cows, of the goods
of one unknown, and the other at the assizes held in the same
county, the 28th of March, 1G27, for the stealing of one garron, of
the goods of one unknown. Also I find that Lysagh Duffe McLough-
lin, another of the persons mentioned in the said warrant, was, at
the last assizes held at Wicklow, condemned and adjudged for the
felonious stealing of a horse, of the goods of Philip MacLaughlin, of
Killorcloghernan. I find also that Gerald MacFerdoragh was bound
over to the assizes, the 14th of March, 1G2G-7, for felony, viz. for the
felonious stealing of a certain quantity of aqua vitte and other goods
out of the dwelling-house of Phelim MacPlieagh, Esq., but was dis-
charged the same sessions thereof, and bound to appear upon ten
days' warning. It appeareth likewise that Edmoud Macl^onall
Ena, another of the said parties, hath been twice indicted for
several felonies in the same county, the first was for stealing ono
horse and one mantle, of the goods of Thomas O'Murgho of Bally-
ellan, which indictment still remains against him in the King's
Bench, being returned thither by me upon a writ of certiorari ; and
the other was for stealing of a cow, of the goods of William Murrogh,
for which he was at the last assizes condemned and adjudged. I
find also that Edmund MacDonogh Byrne, who is alleged to be
Edmund Duffe mentioned in the warrant, was at the last assizes in
Wicklow, condemned and judged for breaking a trunk of Mrs. Sara
Wolferston's in Newcastle, and thereout one silver bowl and four
pair of sheets value vii. lib. It likewise appeareth that Tiegue Mac-
Walter at the assizes held the 19th of August, 1G23, was charged
with the felonious stealing of one mare, of the goods of James Mac-
Thomas of Koxagh ; but the bill being found ignoramus he was dis-
charged the said sessions. And also I find that Dermot O'Toole,
another of the said parties, was amongst others indicted at tbe

APPENDIX. 323

assizes held in the county of Kildare, the 2nd of March, 1G2G-7, for
committing a burglary and stealing divers goods from Murrogh
Smith, of Kill, and was afterwards acquitted thereof.

And these be all the indictments and causes that I can find
against the said parties. As for Shane Duffe MacTeige I find no
indictment, which I humbly certify the 25th of November, 1G28.
Copia vera. Per Henry Warren, Deputy Clerk of the Crown.

Those who wish to read the whole of the depositions and many
documents, including Lord Falkland's ' Apology,' relating to the
O'Byrne case will find them in the appendix to Mr. Gilbert's last
work before mentioned. They are far too voluminous to be inserted
Jiere, but the above selection will give a fair outline of the whole.
As I have already said, the original documents have nearly all been
lost or destroyed, and we have nothing to rely upon for Phelim's case
but the copies of his remonstrance and petition, and the copies of
the depositions, many of them uncertified and none of them official,
merely second, or perhaps third hand copies, made by some private
person unknown, for his own purposes. They have no doubt a
certain value, but a much less one than the official certified copies
of depositions in the 1641-1654 collections, which Mr. Gilbert and
others reject because they are official copies while accepting all the
foregoing copies of copies in the O'Byrne's favour.

T 2

324 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1(S41.

The Established Chukch. Tithes.

(»', vol. i. p. 7<^.)
Lord Deimty Chichester to Privy Council}

May it please your Lordships, — I lately received your letter of
the 20tli of last month, imparting the suhstanee of a declaration
there made mito yoiu- Lordships concerning the order which I made
a little before here in favour of the British undertakers and the rest
of the inhabitants of the escheated lands in the province of Ulster,
for non-payment of certain tithes in kind, together with certain
directions for me how to demean myself in that business. Therein
I have observed, that as the reporters endeavoured to possess your
Lordships with an opinion that I stood not so well-affected on the
Church's behalf as was expedient, so your Lordships are pleased to
make a more benign and honourable construction of my doings or
good intentions therein ; which I will lay up in a faithful remem-
brance among the other manifold debts and obligations which
I owe unto your good Lordships.

But now by way of answer I may truly say this much of myself,
that as I know it to be a service most pleasing to God and to the
king our sovereign to have this poor Church of Ireland planted with
ministers of the gospel, so the world will witness with me, I doubt
not, that I have always cherished their profession, and done more
for the same than for any other sort of men besides. And I have
most commonly accommodated or applied the rule of justice unto
all their occasions whensoever I saw it requisite. Yet it is an easy
matter 1 know, and usual for persons who live here at their own
ease, looking for awhile not beyond the exterior of some thing, to
find fault in many things which they possibly cannot redress though
they have power and liberty to make essay. If I had known that
some had not been sufficiently satisfied here with my doings in that
behalf, and that your Lordships had been pleased to take notice of
the cause and the proceedings in that business, I would undoubtedly

' Fhiladdplda Vaperst, vol. 2, p. 399, No. \7GA, Iiol/s House.

APPENDIX. 325

have given you the just account thereof, as now I must. I do con-
fess it unto your Lordships that when I first heard it maintained by
some of the prelates of Ulster here that by the project of plantation
the titho-milk, among some other innovations, was due and payable
to the ministers there, truly I held it a position more zealous and
sharp than moderate and cautious, and I will here trouble your
Lordships with these few reasons out of many more that might be
truly alleged on that behalf.

First, I knew by experience, and had heard, that this manner of
tithing was not general in all the king's dominions, no more was it
ever heard of or ever exacted in this realm until now. Besides, if
your Lordships had a prospect of this country you would easily see
that it never was possible for it to be otherwise than it is at this
day, (divided) in parishes of great extent, without any townredes, or
certain habitations of people generally (except what some of the new
planters have lately made for themselves), and those also so broken
in sunder many times with rivers, bogs, woods, and mountains as
are not easily passable.

Again, the ministers there are non resident for the most part, as
having few churches in repair to serve God in, nor any houses to
dwell in ; neither do they endeavour to build any. Yet neverthe-
less, intending to still make their profits most among the Irish,
who first felt and complained of this new tithing (and were thereto
animated by some of the undertakers no doubt), they did farm their
said tithe-milk unto certain kern, bailiffs-errant, and such like
extortionate people, who, either by immoderate avarice or malice
infused, did exact and take away the same rudely, to the extreme
displeasure of the poor people, whose daily food and blood it is, and
with like envy {i.e. prejudice) to the ministers of the gospel and their
(Christian) profession.

When I first heard of those violent courses, a}id how they were
being taken, I thought it very doubtful whether that manner of
tithing in kind before the people were persuaded to conformity
could be fitly called a planting of religion, and an advancement of
the (Protestant) church, as many do, and sure I am that whilst
some of them (the clergy and their tithe collectors) strove incon-
siderately to get those tithes into their hands they foresaw not the
peril they engaged themselves and others in, for one minister was
pitifully murdered with forty-four wounds about him for that cause,
and another lay person was slain in defence of a mmister his master,
and divers have been sought for, as I have formerly written unto
your Lordships.

Again, of late I have been advertised of other sundry outrages

326 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

committed by priests and tlieir abettors against the ministers in
other places ; also, so far hath hatred increased against them that
there are some six or seven score people engaged in these villainies,
•vvho have taken to the woods and mountains upon tlieir keeping in
several parties.

On the other hand, seminary priests and Jesuits, waiting upon
doubtful chances and changes of time, are still ready to work on
the ill-affected multitude, incensing them to entrap and oppress the
ministers how they can ; insomuch that it is no more safe for them,
especially in Ulster, to stray much abroad without guards and con-
voys if they have occasion to travel.

Soon after the first noise and advertisement of these things,
there came unto me Captain Tirlogh, the son of Sir Arthur O'Neil,
and Con McTurlogh O'Neil, two principal gentlemen of tlieir sept,
one of the county of Tyrone, and the other of Armagh, expressly
employed by the country to complain of this grievance they felt and
to get redress, and on their own behalf also to show how one of
them had been committed to prison, with many other men, by one
Danson and others, the Lord Primate's officers (but without his
Lordship's knowledge) for light causes to wring money out of
them, etc.

Now these things, and greater, being considered of, I will leave
it to your Lordships' wisdom to judge whether it were not high
time, and more necessary for me, to make some good provisions for
the honour of this cause with moderation and justice, and for the
safety of the whole ministry, than to please the avarice of the few,
in things not to be accomplished without general displeasure and
danger, as experience <lid teach. These things I meant not to
reveal unto your Lordships at this time, but I have been urged to
do so, and I herewith send you the copy of the order I made for the
observance of a milder temper hereafter in tithing, by which it will
appear that it is but temporary, and that, howsoever they may here-
after be able to enjoy the benefit thereof, the church and clergy of
Ulster is, at this day, far otherwise pro\idcd for than this king-
dom hath over known before, an everlasting monument of his
Majesty's bounty and beneficence.

If I have erred in anything, I pray your Lordships to believe it
proceeded of a good intention, and I will hereafter duteously observe
your commandments in all things, as I am otherwise bound to do,
in assurance whereof I will here cease, and humbly commit your
Lordships to God's holy preservation. From his Majesty's castle
oj Dublin, tJiis 22;uZ day of March, 1014, etc.

ArrENDix. 327

M.

A DlSCOUESE CONCEUNING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE NATIVES

IN Ulster, A.D. 1028.'
{v. vol. i. p. 76.)

All British undertakers, by the articles of the plantation of the
l^rovince of Ulster, are bound to bring households out of England
and Scotland to people their lands, which, unless they do, that can
never bo a good plantation, and they will never do it, as long as they
may keep an Irish native on their lands, for these reasons :—

First, because the bringing of such famihes thither out of Eng-
land and Scotland would be very chargeable unto them, as the
natives will not be, being already found there.

Secondly, because the undertakers are not wilHng to make
estates for lives or years, as they must do to the British tenants,
until such time as they have improved their lauds to as great a
value as they can.

Thirdly, because the Irish tenant is more servile than the
British, will give more custom,^ and pay more rent.

Now because that plantation can have no good progress, if the
natives be still permitted to stay upon the British undertakers'
lands, and that the forcing of the poor people from thence, before
they are otherwise provided for, would breed an exceeding great
clamour and confusion, if not a present rebelhon, it were fit that
such a course were taken for them, that they themselves might,
Avith all willingness, leave the lands of the British undertakers',
which may be done in this manner. His Majesty hath given large
scopes of land to— (1) the bishops of Ulster ; (2) the servitors ;
(3) some of the natives ; none of which three sorts of men are to
perform the same conditions as the British undertakers are, but
may all retain the Irishry upon their lands ; nay, to say truth,
their lands were chiefly given them to that purpose, and their lands
> Carte MSS., vol. 30, pp. 53-58, Bodleian Librari/.

2 By custom is meant the luicertain amount of butter, pigs, fowl, turf and
manual labour which the Irish were willing to give in addition to money rent to
Uic undertaker.

328 THE IRISH massacres of igii.

would, if not altogether, yet witliin very little, require as well those
natives which are now upon them as the others which do not yet
inhahit the British undertakers' proportions, if care be taken in the
well disposing thereof amongst them, and no man have a larger
scope assigned him than he can conveniently manure and stock.
For the better performance of which service his Majesty may be
pleased to give authority to certain discreet Commissioners, to whom
both the country and people are well known, as well to view what
lands are yet unplanted amongst the said bishops, servitors, and
natives ; as to take notice what number of people are now unplaced
and do live upon the British undertakers' lands. After which
several surveys so made then and there, to have places assigned
them by the said Commissioners, some of them greater, some of
them lesser, according to every man's quality and means. And the
natives, servitors, and bishops should be commanded expressly from
his Majesty to admit the natives upon their lands so assigned to
them by the said Commissioners, and to make them either leases
thereof for years, or estates for lives, at sucli rents as are noAV
reserved, or such as shall be thought reasonable by the Commis-
sioners, for that plantation. Which when the people shall under-
stand they are already so bitten with the tyranny of their landlords,
the uncertainty of their abiding in any place, having no residence
but at pleasure, and their expense and continual vexation in seeking
new habitations, and fearing to lose their old, that they shall not
need to be compelled to leave the British undertakers' lands,
for they will go of themselves to their newly-assigned lands,
whereof they may be assured to have estates. Or if any of them
should be so senseless as to refuse so great a good, yet most of them
will cheerfully embrace it, and such as are obstinate amongst them
may then be compelled to leave the said lands, with more colour of
justice, when there is care had for their settlement, rather than now
to turn them from their habitations, before any provision be made
for them, or course taken where they shall plant themselves. And
because this will be a work of great pains and expense to the Com-
niissionors that shall undertake it, whoso charge there is no reason
his ]\[ajesty should defray, considering that it doth principally tend
to the good of others. His Majesty therefore may be pleased to
give directions, that the said Commissioners may require from the
natives, that are to be settled as aforesaid, for every ballyboe,
quarter, poll, or [illegible) of land, six shillings and eight pence,
sterling, and so rateably for life, or greater proportions as they
shall be estated in tliem, or if this shall seem too much, it may be
left to the Commissioners of that plantation to appoint what reward

APPENDIX. 329

every native that is to be settled should give to the Commissioners
that are to take the pains in it. It will be a work of great piety
and honour for liis Majesty to command a settlement of the natives
(by certainty of estates under the undertakers there, bishops,
natives, and servitors), who have humbly and quietly submitted
themselves and their possessions to be disposed of by his Majesty,
whereby they are utterly destitute of all habitation or abode other
than the will of others. It will be a means of bringing great profit
to his Majesty, for, as now the case standeth, if all the natives of
Ulster who have no lands should go into rebellion and be attainted,
his Majesty nnist be at the charge to reduce them into obedience,
and yet gam nothing by the attainder ; whereas if they were estated
by long lease, or freehold for lives, his Majesty should have many
forfeitures thereby, besides his usual revenues, as well in subsidies,
as fines, amercements, the profits of (illegible) and other benefits of
law proceedings, according to the course of England, which amongst
those Irish can never be raised, as long as they live this vagrant
and uncertain course of life. It will assure the peace of that
country, for when they who had hitherto no places of residence,
but were accustomed upon all occasions to run into rebellion with
their lords, upon whom they did depend, shall by this settlement
be drawn from them, and find the contentment of a civil life, they
Avill then endeavour to improve their lands, increase their stocks,
and get goods about them, Avhich upon any ill-attempt they will be
loth to lose. His Majesty shall by this means be the author of that
great Avork of uniting the English and Irish together, which yet
could never be done, because they never live together as landlord
and tenant either in perpetuity or long leases. It will be an
assured means of peace and good order to reclaim that people to
civility, religion, and obedience, which will be a work of greater
glory to his Majesty than if he had brought a new people into their
places.

The ancient tyranny of liolding them in slavish tenancy-at-will
shall be thereby removed, and the minds of the people set at liberty,
which were heretofore burdened with the fear of being put out of
their lands, which fear always made them follow their lords into all
desperate and disloyal conspiracies. It is a matter of necessity for
his Majesty's service in jiuies and other country occasions, in which
case the service is now often supplied with tenants-at-will, and
those such as are barbarous and unskilful, who must do as their
lords command them, though against the known truth, which,
though it be much complained of by the justice and justices, yet it
cannot be remedied, the British undertakers and tenants being so

330 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

few. By this course liis Majesty shall do that peaceably, and with
comfort and prayers of the people, which hitherto could not be done
nor carried, but with contention, clamour, and grave grievances,
both of the British undertakers and the Irish inhabitants, if they
are compelled to leave their lands, before they are in law provided
for. By this remove of the Irish from the undertaker's lands, the
great work of the plantation will be made perfect, which is to bring
British inhabitants thither, and for which only end his Majesty
gave away such large possessions for so small a value by the year.
If his Majesty will endeavour a reformation in religion, that work
will be of less difficulty when the people are gathered together into
townships, and settled in separate parishes, whereby the minister
may know his parishioners, and they him, by his having a residence
amongst them, which, as long as they continue this wandering
course of life, can never be done, but after the settlement it may not
be doubted it will— for, to say the truth, most of the people are not
unwilling to go to church if they might be so provided for — that
they need not fear their lord's disfavour for so doing.

Whosoever doth know Ulster and will deal truly with his
Majesty must make this report of it ; that in the general appearance
of it, it is yet no other than a very wilderness. For although in
many of the proportions, I mean of all kmds, there is one small
township, made by the undertakers which is all, yet, the proportions
being wide and large, the habitation of all the province is scarce
visible. For the Irish, of whom many toAvnships might be formed,
do not dwell together in any orderly form, but wander with their
cattle all the summer in the mountains, and all the winter in the
woods. And until those Irish are settled, the English dare not live
in those parts, for there is no safety either for their goods or lives,
which is the main cause, though other reasons may be given, why
they do not plentifully go thither, and cheerfully plant themselves
in the province.

At the time of the plantation many of the best blood of the
people of that province were settled, yet for the most part they were
such as in time of war had relation to this State, and for their
inclining that way, neither had nor have any power with the Irish,
to bring them into any civil order, though they should endeavour
it. But there are others, some of them heads of Septs, some of
them chief of creaghtes,^ and some principal followers to the rebellious
lords, in whom alone the power of those lords consisted, and who
did support them in their wars. For the lords themselves had little

' V. vol. i. p. 314, for M. H. P. Here's description of the Ulster cre.ights of
the 17tli century.

APPENDIX. 331

benefit out of their lands, and no goods at all, but those men en-
joyed or at least commanded all there were, and are they which
have power over the bodies of the people and can command their
dependency on whom they please. And these men have no lands,
but are left at large with their followers, who now, when they see
the times fall out so contrary to their expectations, would willingly
settle themselves, and for the good of the country it were requisite
that they should. For by them the rest of the people shall be
assured, for no stealth can be done but they know it, nor any mis-
chief plotted but they can discover.it. Yet in this settlement their
own dependants would be scattered from them, as much as may be,
and others mingled among them.

By this settlement the Irish gentlemen who had lands assigned
them in the plantation shall be rid of their multitude of idle fol-
lowers, which yet do hang upon them, of whom they have neither
corn or money ; which is the cause that for their present relief
given to these followers, they do sell away their lands by pieces,
and so in a short time, all being sold, they will become rebels again.
For nothing doth contain them so much in obedience as the cer-
tainty of their estate. And therefore it was one of the greatest
policies that ever his Majesty put in practice in this kingdom, when
he granted his commissions for surrender and settling of the Irish
in their ancient estates, as by a law letter he hath been graciously
pleased to do for the poor inhabitants of Connaught.

Lastly, both the habits, manners, and language of the English
shall by this means be in time brought in amongst them, which,
until it be done, they can never be a civil people, or any good ex-
pected out of that province, notwithstanding the plantation as it
now is.

332 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

LoEDS Justices to (no name given).^
(y. vol.i. p. 98.)

The letter whereof you last wrote, that Sir Henry Vane would
send us concerning the Lord Chancellor and Lord Lowther, is come,
and therewith we have made pretty shift to work their quiet for a
time and reasonahle hope it will so continue, we having in a good
measure calmed hoth Houses towards them and yet not used the
power given us, threatening a rough fit of disturhance. We have
now sent over all the Acts required by the King's letter brought
over by the Agents, and amongst the rest that of Connaught,
wherein we have sent such necessary explanations as I hope with
what we formerly sent will acquit us from betraying our Master's
cause. We have also now agreed upon very earnest solicitation to
send over an Act against Monopolies, and an Act to take away
felony, for transportation of native commodities, and in that Act
we have made the four towns of Dublin, Drogheda, Waterford, and
Gal way subject to poundage wherefrom they were formerly freed
by Parliament or Charter, and paid it only by imposition, as you
may remember, which hath no ground of law, and this is a benefit
to the king; on the other side we lose for the present 3 or 4,000Z.
a year, which came to his Majesty by imposition and additions in
the book of rates, which I confess was hard and I think cannot
hold ; and besides we let loose a tie which we have on the merchants
to bend them to reasonable impositions if the King will take that
course.

It is true the Act will be pleasing to the people and perhaps
increase trade, which is good, only one thing I would wish to be
added in the return which I durst not press here, which is, that as
we have got poundage upon the four towns for these native com-
modities, so I would have the same put in for importations specially
in those four towns, and perhaps the desire of the rest will help that
to pass with the other.

Now, Sir, another thing I would have presently cared for, which

' MSS. h'oUn House.

APPENDIX. 333

ia the matter of proxies of the lords now there, the names of whom
I have sent unto you ; they have ordered here not to allow them
voices unless proxies do come, and the King's licences also for their
ahsence, which are to be entered here, and it is most necessary that
they should have voices as things stand, the whole house being now
swayed by Papists : specially if they take upon them judicature in
causes capital, which I see the King is not willing to allow them,
and if he can keep it from them is most necessary, though they
seem resolved to have it, whether precedents can be found or no,
which we yet cannot find, I pray you be careful in this : I have here
sent you the names of the lords here to whom I wish the proxies
distributed some more and some less.

The most to come Ormond, Kerry, Thomond and Ards.

The agents of the Byrnes are now gone or going over ; I pray be
careful to prevent their designs, you know how it concerns the King
and that country. They intend to reverse the whole plantation,
which certainly will be a great mischief to the people, for they
cannot be better settled both for accommodation and for rents and
tenures.

This kingdom is most fearfully robbed and harassed by the
soldier in every part where they come. They go six or seven miles
from their garrisons, and rob houses, take away all they meet with
on the way, and do all the mischief that can be, we have not had a
penny these four Aveeks to give them. There is no martial law to
govern them, which they knowing do what they list.

The people suffer much because they are Papists, wherein there
is some mystery, but certainly no good to us : at least they
waste many places and will bring a great destruction. I marvel
they there do not send us some directions for the ' Queres.' The
parliament do extremely press the Judges and they are like to be in
an ill case, I beseech you urge some directions from thence with
speed for it is a business of great moment.

12th of May, 1G41.

Endorsed .•—12 Mmj, 1641.

Extract of a letter from the Lords Justices
concerning the Chancellor and others impeached.

334 TIIE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

0.

Sm William Parsons to {name not givcn).^

I do hero inclosed send you another petition or declaration of
the two Houses sent to his Majesty, which perhaps is delivered,
for I hear the delivery of it is left to the discretion of their agents.
By it you see with what vehemency and a kind of eager postulation
they pressed for judicature, wherein his Majesty most wisely makes
a stay. The danger threatened to the English and his Majesty's
servants in allowing them judicature in capital causes doth daily
more and more appear hero, and I douht not is foreseen there ; and
therefore I assure myself, his Majesty will bo very weary in as-
senting to it. First they have not precedents for it ; and secondly
it is barred by an express law made in England in the first year of
King Henry IV. and afterwards (amongst others, authorised, and
confirmed as laws in Ireland) anno 10 Henry VII. c. 22. Besides if
you please to look into the Statute Book of Ireland in a session of
parliament held 11 BegincB ElizabethcB c. 1. you will find it there
declared in parliament, that by occasion of Poyning's Act, this
parliament could not make any ordinance, provision, or order, to
bind this people but such as must be first certified into England,
and returned hither ; whereupon some such things were done for
that pai'liament only. And in another Act in another session of
that parliament c. 8, they did esteem that Act a repeal of Poyning's
Act, for so much but never to bo so dono again, whereby it is plain
they then conceived that Poyning's Act had taken from them all
immediate judicature, so as for his Majesty to grant that which
can be used to no purpose but the prejudice of himself and his
servants in this place (where they most need support) I submit to
his high care. Touching the extenuations they seem to set forth
for their two orders which we formerly sent unto you I forbear to
give reply, the things being so plain in themselves only where they

' MSS. Rolls House.

APPEiNDIX. 335

say their order for seven days' secresy wag not exclusive to the
justices. It is most apparent it was, inasmucli as we could not
have the copies in less than two days after demand and both
Houses consultation which took up that time.

Endorsed .-—12 Jubj, 1G41.

Sir William Parsons
out of Ireland touching
Judicature and Poyning's
Law.

136 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

P.

ImsH Council to Vane, SOtli June, IGll.'

(v. vol. i. p.'99.)
(Extract.)

Sir, — Since our last despatch to you of the seventh of this
month, Colonel Belling (who brought us warrant from thence for
exporting out of this kingdom one thousand soldiers of the new
army lately disbanded here) departed hence with that regiment very
quietly, although we are informed that there was great underhand
labouring among the Priests, Friars, and Jesuits, to dissuade the
disbanded soldiers from departing the kingdom, which also you
may partly observe by the enclosed examinations.

No other of the persons licenced to export those soldiers hence
have as yet come unto us, but when any of them shall come we
will give them such assistance therein as his Majesty's pleasure
shall be obeyed.

Upon receipt of your letters dated the eighth day of June last,
we sent away our letters immediately to all the ports of the kingdom
for seizing all Popish books that shall be there brought in, as also
to inform us what books of that kind have been brought in and by
whom within one year last past, what numbers of Jesuits, Friars,
or Priests, have this last half year arrived here, and what numbers
of the like or of soldiers who have had command abroad shall here-
after arrive here.

We lately received a petition in the name of the Archbishops,
Bishops, and the rest of the clergy now assembled in this city of
Dublin, and subscribed by two archbishops and sundry other
bishops, wherein they complain that they see (with sorrow) in their
several dioceses and places of residence a foreign jurisdiction
publicly exercised, and swarms of Popish priests and friars openly
professing themselves by their words and habits to the outdaring
of the laws established, the infinite pressure of the subject, and

' MSS. Rolls House

APPENDIX. 337

tlio vast cliargo and impovorishing of the whole kingdom, ag you
may observe by a copy of their petition which wo send you here
enclosed.

Some of the archbishops and bishops have lately made known
tinto us in writing under their hands (copies whereof we send you
here enclosed) some particulars of the excess of Popery and the
public and bold exercise of that foreign jurisdiction in their several
dioceses.

And seeing instead of that due obedience which the Popish pre-
tended clergy ought to have rendered to the laws, they thus break
out contrary to the laws into such insolencies and inordinate as-
semblies, and innovation holding of public conventions, exercising
publicly foreign jurisdiction, burdening his Majesty's subjects with
the heavy weight of a double jurisdiction, and double payments to
clergy, labouring to erect a dependence on the See of Eome, laying
hold as you may see not only on the spiritual but also on the tem-
poral power, extending in the consequences thereof as far as in
them lies even to the violent rending out of his Majesty's hands a
part of his royal authority, under which all his subjects do gather
the blessed fruits of his justice and the safety of his protection, as
from other evils so from all foreign jurisdictions, we may not be
silent, it being very apparent that such bold and insolent beginnings
may proceed to further and so general mischiefs as may prove the
originals of dangerous alterations if they be not seasonably prevented.
Whorcforo to acquit ourselves towards the duty wo owe to his
Majesty and this government wherewith wo are entrusted, we
humbly crave leave to acquaint his Majesty therewith, as a matter
of high and important consideration which we humbly submit to
his excellent justice.

We have also lately received information from Drogheda that
there is a house there for a nunnery opened with great charge,
which is so spacious it hath four score windows of a side and is not
yet finished but great expectation there is of it being so soon.

We are informed likewise that of late there have been and are
yet supposed to be in and about Dublin many hundreds of Jesuits,
friars, and priests, which extraordinary convention of so many of
them cannot be for any good purpose. And that in Whitsun-week
last there was a very great assembly of them gathered together
at the wood of Maynooth, within ten miles of tliis city, that divers
gentlemen were solicited to meet at that assembly, and that some
refused to bo there, which particulars also we humbly offer to his
Majesty's royal consideration.

We send you here enclosed a copy of a declaration and suppli-

VOL. II. Z

338 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

cation made to liis Majesty by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal
and Commons in this Parliament assembled, dated the tenth day of
this month.

Notwithstanding his Majesty's letters dated the 28th of April
last concerning the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, and others, the House of Commons on the nineteenth
of this month ordered and appointed a Committee to prepare and
draw up particular and several charges against those persons, and
on the 22nd of this month ordered a Committee of the Commons
house to have conference with a Committee of the Lords house
concerning the manner of examination of witnesses upon oath, aa
you may perceive by copies of both the said ordera liGrowith sent.

APPKNUIX. 339

Q.

Parsons to Vane.^

{v. vol. i. p. 99.)

Sir, — I lately wrote to you of several things sent by the running
Ijost which I hope is come to your hands : amongst other things I
wrote to you of the bill sent thither for repealing the two Acts of
Queen Elizabeth concerning certain of our native commodities.
Now you see it is become the suit of the whole kingdom, and there-
fore now you may be confident to make the alteration which I there
moved, for it will doubtless pass, which I take to be a very strong
assurance of that part of his Majesty's revenue, which is the best
he hath here, as it may be carried, and therefore I beseech you
neglect it not. Yet as I then wrote, let not his Majesty suppose
that the stay of that only will bring on the despatch of all his other
business with the rest, if they come, for certainly they are much
more greedily sot upon the Connaught act and the act of limitation
for divers main ends, than on this. Therefore let all go, equali
(jradu, which will make sure work. His Majesty runs hazard
enough in passing those two acts admitting his revenue were in all
the parts at the same time restored and settled ; and if those acts
were passed without concurrence of his business, I dare say he shall
not easily obtam anything afterwards to his advantage, either in
this parliament or another. I know what I say, I dare say no more,
only I beseech you disrespect not this caveat.

We send you also the suit of parliament and reasons for stay of
the men to be sent over seas. "We formerly wrote to you how the
priests had laboured in that business. Now you see the strong in-
fluence of those priests upon all public actions here, insomuch as
they are able to guide the whole parliament (the Papists' votes
being now strongest) to such a motion, quite cross to his Majesty's
commands, which we often declared unto them, specially in a busi-
ness which really is rather against than for the public peace and
safety, and which few men of understanding are not so persuaded
' MSS. Rolls House.

% 2

340 THE IRISH riassacres of lou.

of save that thoy desire to keep as strong a party hero as they
can for other ends, chiefly if anything touching religion or the
government should be in earnest pressed upon them : herein his
Majesty may please to let us have his resolution as soon as may be,
for that though we make no stay of the men, but have given the
colonel's warrant, and all the helps we can, yet this obstacle of
parliament may much retard their despatch if his Majesty intend to
Bend them. One thing in their reasons may be of some use, you see
they speak in sheAv of disaffection to the king of Spain, whom in-
wardly they too much honour. This may be so placed in the ears
and apprehension of the ambassadors and others of the Spanish
side there, as may gain so ill a relish of that people against these
priests and their proselytes, as may have an operation for good in
the intercourse between Spain and them, and a sense of these men's
ill nature and ingratitude, whose youth for matter of nurture in
religion and other ways have had great and favourable acceptations in
Spain, in their colleges and elsewhere.

We have with much ado drawn the parliament now to agree
upon a bill for assuring a revenue out of the tobacco of Gd. upon the
pound or 9d. if his Majesty will have it so. They liavo not yet pre-
sented to us the bill, when they do we will be as careful as we can,
that it shall contain all the means both of punishment and other
provisions to prevent frauds and keep up that revenue : a profit well
gained upon so paltry and needless a thing. I formerly also wrote
unto you of the queres which have been voted in the Commons
house and now remain with the Lords. They were once there
ordered to stay till next session, now by plurality of votes of the
Papist party and much urgency of some of the Commons are again
there in agitation and like to pass. They contain very dangerous
matter both against the government in general and all the English
here, whereof I can but give you notice, being the office of your poor

watchman and

most humble servant,

8 Ang. 1G41. W. Paksons.

Mr. Secretary Vane.

Endorsed : — ' From the Lord Justice

Parsons. 8 Augtist, 1G41.

For yourself.'

The passage in the above letter referring to the Connaught Act
and the ' Grace ' limiting the king's title, seems unquestionably to
show that there was some secret design between Parsons and the
king to, at least, delay the latter until the Irish session was over.

AITENDIX. 341

(y. vol. i. p. 105.)

The IIelation of the Lord Maquire written with his own
Hand in the Tower, and delivered by him to Sir
John Conyers, then Lieutenant, to present to the
Lords in Parliament.

Being in Dublin, Candlemas term last was a twelvemonth,
(1G40) the parhament then sitting, Mr. Eoger Moore did write to
mo desiring mo that if I could in that spare time, I would come to
his house, for there the parliament did nothing but sit and adjourn,
expecting a commission for that continuance thereof, their former
commission being expired, and that some things he had to say mito
me that did nearly concern me. And on receipt of his letter the
new Commission for continuing the parliament landed, I did return
him an answer that I could not fulfil his request for that present,
and thereupon he himself came to town presently after, and
sending to me, I went to see him at his lodging. After some
little time spent in salutations, he began to discourse of the many
afflictions and sufferings of the natives of this kingdom, and parti-
cularly in those late times of my Lord Strafford's Government,
which gave distaste to the whole kingdom. And then he began to
particularise the sufferings of them that were the more ancient
natives, as were the Irish ; how that on several plantations they
were all put out of their ancestor's estates. All which sufferings,
he said, did beget a general discontent over all the whole kingdom,
ill both tlie natives to wit, the old and new Irish. And that if the
gentry of the kingdom were disposed to free themselves furtherly
from the like inconvenience, and get good conditions for themselves
for regaining their ancestor's estates, they could never desire a
more convenient time than that time, the distempers of Scotland
being then on foot, and did ask me Avliat I thought of it. I made
him answer I could not tell what to think of it ; such matters being
altogether out of my element. Then he would needs have an Oath
of Secresy from me, which I gave him, and tliereupon he told me

342 THE IRISH MASSACl^ES OF 1041.

that he spoke to the beat gentry of quality in Leinster, and a great
part of Connaught, touching that matter, and he found all of them
willing thereunto, if so be they could draw to them the gentry of
Ulster, for which cause, said he, I came to speak to you. Then he
began to lay down to me the case that I was in there, overwhelmed
in debt, the smallnesa of my now estate, the greatness of the estate
my ancestors had, and how I should be sure to get it again, or at
least a good part thereof, and moreover how the welfare and main-
taining of the Catholic religion, which he said the parliament of
England will now undoubtedly suppress, doth depend on it. For
said he, it is to be feared and so much I hear from every under-
standing man, the parliament intends the utter subversion of our
religion, by which persuasions he obtained my consent. And so he
demanded, whether any more of the Ulster gentry were in town, I
told him that ThiUp Reilly, Mr. Turlogh O'Neil, brother to Sir
Phelim, and Mr. Costello MacMahon were in town, so for that time
we parted. The next day he invited me and Mr. Reilly to dine
with him, and after dinner he sent for those other gentlemen, Mr.
Neil and Mr. MacMahon, and when they were come he began the
discourse formerly used to me to them, and with the same persua-
sions he obtained their consent. And then he began to discourse of
the matter, how it ought to be done, of the feasibility and easiness
of the attempt considering how matters then stood in England, the
troiiblea of Scotland ; the great numbers of able men in Ireland,
what succours there were (more then) to hope for from abroad and
the army then raised, all Irishmen, and well armed, meaning the
army raised by my Lord Strafford against Scotland. First, that
everyone should endeavour to draw his own friends into that act,
and at least those that did live in one county with them, and when
they had done so to send to the Irish in the Low Countries and
Spain, to let them know of the day and resolution, so that they be
over with them by that day, or as soon after with a supply of arms
and ammunition, as they could : that there should be a set day
appointed, and everyone in his own quarter should rise out that day,
and seize on all the arms he could get in his county and this day to
be near winter so that England could not send forces into Ireland
before May, and by that time there was no doubt to be made but
that they themselves should be supplied by the Irish beyond seas,
who he said could not fail of help from either Spain or the Pope,
but that his resolutions were not in all things allowed. For first it
was resolved that nothing should be done until they had first sent
to the Irish over seas to know their advice, and what hope of success
they could give; for in them, as they said, all their hope of relief

ArpENPix. 343

was, and they would have both their advice and rcsohition beforo
any further proceedings more than to apeak to and try gentlemen of
the kingdom everyone, as thoy could conveniently, to see, in case
they would at any time grow to a resolution, what to be, and what
strength they must trust to. Then Mr. ]\Ioore told them that it was
to no purpose to spend much time in speaking to the gentry. For
there was no doubt to be made of the Irish, that they would be
ready at any time. But that all the doubt was in the gentry of the
Pale, but he said that for his own part he was well assured that
when tlicy had risen out, the gentry of the Palo would not stay
(quiet) long after, at least that they would not oppose the Irish in
anything, but be neuters, and if in case they did, that the Irish liad
men enough in the kingdom without them. Moreover he said he
had spoke to a great man (who then should be nameless) that would
not fail at the appointed day of rising out to appear and to be seen
in the Act. But that until then, he was sworn not. to reveal him ;
and that was all that was done at that meeting, only that Mr. Mooro
should at the next Lent following make a journey down into the
north, to know what was done there, and that he also might inform
them what he had done, and so on parting Mr. Philip Keilly and I
did importune Mr. Moore for the knowledge of that great man that
he spake of, and on long entreaty, after binding us to new secresy,
not to discover him until the day should be appointed, he told that
it was the Lord of Mayo, who was very powerful in command of
men in those parts of Connaught where he lived, and that there
was no doubt to be made of him, no more than of himself, and so
we parted.

The next Lent following, Mr. Moore, according to his promise,
came into Ulster, by reason it was the time of assizes in several
counties ; there he met only with Mr. Eeilly, and nothing was then
done, but all matters put off till May following, when we or most
of us should meet in Dublin, it being both parliament and term
time. In the meantime there landed one Neil O'Neil, sent by the
Earl of Tyrone out of Spain, to speak with the gentry of his name
and kindred, to let them know that he had treated with Cardinal
Eichelieu for obtaining succour to come to Ireland, and that he only
expected a convenient time to come away, and to desire them to be
in readiness and to procure all others whom they could to be so
likewise, which message did set on those proceedings very much, so
that Mr. Moore, Mr. Keilly, my brother and I, meeting the next
May at Dublin and the same messenger there too, it was resolved
that he should return to the Earl into Spain with their resolution,
which was, that they would rise out twelve or fourteen days beforo

3^4 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1011.

or after All Hallowticle, as they should see cause, and that he
should not fail to be with them by that time. There was a report
at that time and before, that the Earl of Tyrone was killed, which
was not believed, by reason of many such reports formerly which
we found to be false, and so the messenger departed with directions,
that if the Earl's death were true he should repair into the Low
Countries unto Colonel Owen O'Neil, and acquaint him with hig
commission from the Earl, whereof it was thought he was not igno-
rant and to return an answer sent by him and to see what he
would advise or do himself therein. But presently after the mes-
senger's departure, the certainty of the Earl's death was known, and
on further resolution it was agreed that an express messenger should
be sent to the colonel to make all the resolutions known to him, and
to return speedily with his answer. And so one Toole O'Connolly,
a priest, (parish priest as I think to Mr. Moore) was sent away to
Colonel O'Neil. In the interim there came several news and letters
and news out of England to Dublin of proclamation against the
Catholics in England, and also that the army raised in Ireland
should be disbanded and conveyed into Scotland. And presently
after several colonels and captains landed with directions to carry
away those men, amongst whom Colonel Plunket, Colonel Byrne,
and Colonel Bryan O'Neil came, but did not all come together, for
Plunkett landed before my coming out of town and the other two
after ; whereon a great fear of the suppressing of our religion was
conceived and especially by the gentry of the Pale, and it was very
common amongst them that it would be very inconvenient to suffer
so many men to be conveyed out of the kingdom, it being as was
said very confidently reported, that the Scottish army did threaten
never to lay down arms until an uniformity of religion were in the
three kingdoms and the Catholic religion suppressed. And there-
upon both Houses of Parliament began to oppose their going and
the Houses were divided in their opinion, some would have them to
go, others not, but what the definite conclusion of tlie Houses was
touching the point I cannot tell, for by leave of the House of Lords
I departed the county before the prorogation. But before my
departure I was informed by one John Barnewall, a friar, that those
gentlemen of the Pale and some other members of the House of
Commons had several meetings and consultations, how they might
make stay of the soldiers in the kingdom, and likewise to arm them
in defence of the king, being much injured both of England and
Scotland then, as they were informed, and to prevent any attempt
against religion : presently after I departed into the country, and
Mr. Reilly being a member of the House of Commons stayed for

APPENDIX. 345

tlio prorogation, and on his coming into the country sent for me to
meet him. I came to his house, when he told me for certain that
the former narration of Barnewall to me was true, and that ho
heard it from several there ; also Ever MacMahon made firmly
privy to all our proceedings at Mr. Ecilly's was come lately out of
the Pale, Avhere he met with the aforesaid John Barnewall, who
told him as much as he formerly told me and said, moreover, that
those Colonels that lately came over did proffer their service and
industry in that act, and so would raise their men, under colour to
convey them into Spain and then seize on Dublin Castle, and with
the arms therein arm the soldiers, and have them ready for any
occasion that should be commanded them ; but that they had not
concluded anything, because they were not assured how the gentle-
men m the remote parts of the kingdom and especially Ulster
would stand affected to that act, and the assurance of that doubt
was all their impediment. Then we three began to thmk how we
might assure them help and the assistance of Ulster gentlemen. It
was thought that one should be sent to them to acquaint them
therewith, and they made choice of me to go by reason they said
that my wife was allied to them and their countrywoman and they
would believe and trust me sooner than others of the party, they or
most of them being of the Pale. And so without as much as to
return home to furnish myself for the journey nolens volens they
prevailed or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with
those Colonels, that was the last August twelvemonth.

Commg to town I met Sir James Dillon accidentally before I
came to my lodging, who was one of those Colonels ; and after
salutations lie demanded of me where my lodging was, which when
I told him we parted. The next day beuig abroad about some
other occasions in town, I met him as he said coming to wait on
me in my chamber, but being a good way from it he wished me to
go into his own chamber, being near at hand. And then he began
to discourse of the present sufferings and afflictions of this kingdom,
and particularly of religion, and how they were to expect no redress,
the Parliament in England intending, and the Scots resolving,
never to lay down arms until the Catholic religion was suppressed.
Then he likewise began to lay down what danger it would be to
suffer so many able men as were to go with them to depart the
kingdom at such a time. * Neither,' said he, ' do the other gentlemen
that are Colonels and myself affect our own private profit, so as to
prefer it before the general good of the kingdom, and Imowing you
are well affected thereunto, and I hope ' (said he) ' ready to put
your helping hand to it upon occasion, I will let you know the

346 THE fRISn MASSACRES OF 1G41.

resolution of those other gentlemen and mine, which is, if we are
ready, to raise our men and then to seize on the castle, where there
is great store of arms, and to arm ourselves.' This was the first
motion that ever I heard of taking the castle ; for it never came
into our thoughts formerly, nor am I persuaded ever would if it
had not proceeded from those Colonels, who were the first motioners
and contrivers thereof for aught known to me, and then, to be
ready to prevent and resist any danger, that the gentlemen of the
kingdom like thereof, and help us, for we ourselves are neither able
nor willing to do anything therein without their assistance. I
began, according to the directions that were sent to me, to approve
of their resolution and also to let him know how sure he might bo
of the assistance of those of Ulster. Then he told us that for my
more satisfaction I should confer with the rest of the Colonels
themselves as many as were privy to the action, and accordingly a
place of meeting was appointed that afternoon, and at the time and
place appointed there met Sir James himself. Colonel Byrne, and
Colonel Plunket. And that former discourse being renewed they
began to lay down the obstacles to that enterprise and how they
should be redressed. First, if there should war ensue how there
should be money found to pay the soldiers, secondly, how and
where they should procure succour from foreign parts, thirdly, how
to draw in the Pale gentlemen, fourthly, who should undertake to
Bui-prise the castle and how it should be done. To the first it was
answered, that the rents in the kingdom everywhere, not having
any respect whose they should be, due to the Lords and gentlemen
thereof, should be collected to pay the soldiers. And moreover
they might be sure, nay, there was no doubt thereof, to procure
money from the Pope, who gave several promises formerly to my
Lord of Tyrone (in case he could make way to come into Ireland)
to maintain six thousand men yearly at his own charge, and that
notwithstanding my Lord of Tyrone was dead, yet that he the Pope
would continue the same forwardness now. To the second it was
answered by Colonel Byrne that help from abroad could not fail
them, ' For,' said he, ' Colonel O'Neil told me that he had or would
procure in readiness, I do not remember which, arms for 10,000
men. And moreover,' said he, ' I make no great question that if
we send into Spain we shall not misa of aid, for I being in London
the last year in the Scots troubles, I was in conference with one of
the Spanish Ambassadors there then, and talking of their troubles
then afoot he said, that if the L'ish did then rise too their messengers
would be received under canopies of gold.' These last words he
told me and some one man of those that were present privately,

APPENDIX. 347

■whose name I cannot call to mind, neither do I well remember
whether he spoke to them all or no, that it was thought when they
were both in arms for the Catholic cause they would be succoured
by the Catholic princes of Christendom. To the third, it was
answered by Colonel Plunket, that he was as morally certain
(those were his words) as he could be of anything, that the gentlemen
of the Pale would join with and assist them, ' For,' he said, ' I have
spoke to several of them since my landing in this kingdom and
I find them very ready and willing, and I have at London spoke to
some of the Committees, and particularly to my Lord of Gormanston,
to let them know his resolution and they approved it very well.'
AH this was not done at the first meeting but at three or four
meetings. And at the last meeting it was resolved to the last
doubt touching seizing the castle that Colonel Plunket and Colonel
Byrne should undertake that task, because they were nearer to it
than any other, and also seize on the forts, garrisons, and other
places, where they think any arms should be, and in particular at
Londonderry, which should be undertaken by those of Ulster, and
then there was a set day appointed for the execution thereof, that
was the 6th of October ensuing (it being then the latter end of
August, or the beginning of September, 1G41, I do not Imow
whether). And everyone should make provision to rise out that
day and those were named that should first succour them, that
would take the castle with men presently, namely Sir James Dillon,
who did undertake to be with them in three or at the most four
days with a thousand men and as much more should come to them
out of the north. For these two Colonels did not intend to use
above a hundred men in the surprisal, whereof they were to have
twenty good able gentlemen, for they made account, that having
the castle, they with the artillery would master all the town, until
they were relieved by men from the country. And because there
was a doubt made how all this should be done in so short a time,
they did appoint that all that were there present should not fail to
meet again there on the 20th of September, to give an account of
all things, hopes as well as impediments. And if on that interview
all things should happen to be well, that they go forward, if other-
wise that they prolong the execution of it to a more convenient
time, and so we parted, every man into the country about his own
task.

And I in my way home came to Mr. Eeilly's house and there
I received a letter from Sir Plielim O'Neil that his lady was dead
and to be buried on the Sunday following, this being on the Saturday,
and desiring me in all kindness to come to the burial, and Mr. Eeilly

348 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

having received another letter to the same efifect would needs have
me go thither (whereunto I was very unwilling, being weary and
withal not provided to go to such a meeting), as well said he to
prevent any jealousy from the Lady's friends as also to confer with
Sir Phelim touching all those proceedings, for neither he, Mv.
Reilly, nor I spoke to Sir Phelim concerning the matters before,
but to his brother Turlogh O'Neil. And coming thither we found
Captain Brian O'Neil lately come out of the Low Countries, sent
over by Colonel O'Neil to speak to and provoke those of Ulster to
rise in arms and that he would be with them on notice of their day
the same day or soon after it. And it was asked tlie said Captain
what aid he could send or procure being but a private Colonel, or
where he could get any. He replied, that the said Colonel O'Neil
told him he had sent to several places that summer to demand aid,
and in particular to Cardinal Richelieu into France, to whom he
had sent twice that year and had comfortable and very hopeful
promises from them, and especially from the Cardinal, on whom he
thought the Colonel did most depend ; so that there was no doubt
to be made of succour from him, and especially when they had
risen out, that would be a means to make the Cardinal give aid.
We did the more credit him in regard of the former treaty between
the said Cardinal and the Earl of Tyrone as formerly is said.

For my own part I did and do believe that Colonel O'Neil doth
depend on France for aid more than on any other place, as well for
those reasons, as also that Ever MacMahon formerly mentioned told
me that presently after the Isle of Rh^'s enterprise, he, being then
in the Low Country, did hear for certain, that the Earl of Tyrone
together with the Colonel did send unto France to the Marshal of
France, that was general of the French forces at the Isle of Rh6, to
deal with him for procuring of aid to come then for Ireland, and
that he received an answer from the said Marshal, that lieAvas most
willing and ready to contribute his endeavours for his furtherance
therein, but that he could not for the present answer my Lord's ex-
pectations, by reason that the king had wars in Italy which ho
tliought would be at an end Avithin half a year or little more, and then
my Lord should not doubt of anything that he could do for his assist-
ance, but these wars continued a great deal longer, so for that time
the enterprise failed. So after the burial was done, I gave those
gentlemen knowledge of what I had done in Dublin and how I was
to return thither, and then they began to think how they should
surprise Londonderry, they being near it, but could not then agree
in the manner ; so Sir Phelim desired me to take his house in my
way going to Dublin and that I should have a resolution to carry

APPENDIX. 349

with mo touching Londonderry, and thereon I parted home, but
soon after came to DuhHn to the before appointed meeting of the
Colonela. But first, I took on my way Sir Phehm O'Neil's house to
be certain what he had done, and his answer was, that he knew the
matter could not be put into execution by the 5th of October, as
was appointed, and that they must make another longer day for it,
and that he would provide for the taking of Londonderry by that
day, and so I came to Dublin to give an account of what was done
and also to know what further should be done. I was not two
hours in my lodging when Mr, Moore came to mo, who knew what
was done formerly by those Colonels from Colonel Byrne, and told
me that the messenger sent by Colonel O'Neil was come with an
answer, desiring us not to delay any time in rising out, and to let
him know of that day beforehand, and that he would not fail to bo
with us within fourteen days of that day with good aid ; also desiring
us by any means to seize the castle of Dublin, if we could, for he
heard that there was great provision in it for war. And Mr. Moore
moreover said that time was not to be overslipped, and desired me
to be very pressing with the Colonels to go on in their resolution,
but on meeting the Colonels I found they were fallen from their
resolution, because those of the Pale would do nothing therein first,
but when it was done they would not fail to assist us Colonel
Plunket did afiirm, and so by several meetings it was resolved on by
them to desist from that enterprise for that time, and to expect a
more convenient time. But before that their resolution. Sir Phelim
O'Neil and the aforesaid Captain Bryan O'Neil followed me to
Dublin, as they said to assist and advise me how to proceed with
Colonel Plunket, but neither they nor Mr. Moore would be seen
therein themselves, but would meet me privately and ask me what
what was done at every meeting, alleging for excuse that I being
first employed in that matter, it would not be expedient that they
should be seen in it. And moreover they would not be known to bo
in tho town, but by n few of their friends, until they were ready to
depart from it, at least as long as I was in town, for I left them
there. But when I made them acquainted with their determination
of desisting from that enterprise they thought it convenient that we
should meet with Mr. Moore and Colonel Byrne to see what was
further to be done concerning the further intention of their own,
and accordingly we did send to them that they should meet us, and
at that meeting there was only Sir Phelim, Mr. Moore, Colonel
Byrne, Captain Neil and myself. After a long debate it was resolved
that we, with all those that were of our faction, should go on with
that determination that was formerly made to rise out. Moreover

350 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

it was determined to seize on the castle as the Colonels purposed,
for if it were not for tlieir project and the advice sent by Colonel
Neil, we would never venture to surprise it, neither was it ever thought
on in all the meetings and resolutions between us, before those
Colonels did resolve on it ; but by reason that the other gentlemen
that were privy to these proceedings were not present, the certainty
of the time and the manner how to execute it, was put off to a
further meeting in the country ; and this was resolved in Dublin
upon the Sunday at night, being the 2Gth or 27th of September, and
the meeting was appointed on the Saturday following at MacGallogh
(sic) MacMahon's house at Farney in the county Monaghan. And
thereupon we all left the town, only Sir Phelira stayed about some one
of his private occasions, but did assure his being there at that day,
and by reason of that at that meeting the gentry of Leinster could not
be, considering the remoteness of the place from them, it was thought
fit that Mr. Moore should there wait to receive their final resolution
and should acquaint the rest therewith. And in the meantime
Colonel Byrne who had undertaken for Colonel Plunlcct should
inform them of all the intention conceived, and dispose them in
readiness against the day that should be appointed.

On Saturday I came to Mr. MacMahon's house ; there met only
Mr. MacMahon himself. Captain Neil, Ever MacMahon and myself,
and thither that same day came the messenger that was sent to
Colonel Neil and did report the Colonel's answer and advice verbatim
as I have formerly repeated from Mr. Moore, and by reason that Sir
Phelim, his brother, or Mr. Phillip Keilly, that were desix*ed to meet,
did not meet, we stayed that night to expect them, and that night
I received a letter from Sir Phelim entreating us not by any means
to expect him until the Monday following, for he had some occasions
to dispatch concerning himself, but whatever became of them he
would not fail on the Monday. And the next day after the receipt
of the letter being Sunday (by Mr. Moore's advice) we departed from
Colonel MacMahon's house (to prevent, as he said, the suspicion of
the English, there many living near) to Loghrosse (sic) in the county
of Armagh to Mr. Turlogh O'Neil's house, not Sir Phelim's brother,
but son to Mr. Henry O'Neil of the Fewes, son-in-law to Mr. Moore,
and left word that if Sir Phelim or any of those gentlemen did come
in the meantime they should follow us thither, whither only went
Mr. Moore, Captain O'Neil and myself, and there we expected until
the Tuesday subsequent before any of those did come. On the
Tuesday came Sir Phelim and Ever MacMahon, all the rest failing
to come ; Mr. MacMahon's wife was dead the night before, whicli
was the cause that he was not there, but I gave his assent to

APPENDIX. 351

what should bo concluded to therein and his promise to execute
what should bo appointed him ; and then we five, viz. Sir Phelim,
Mr. Moore, Captain O'Neil, Ever MacMahon and myself, assuring
ourselves, that those gentlemen absent should both allow and join
to what we should determine, did grow into a final resolution,
grounding all or the most part of our hope and confidence on the
succours from Colonel O'Neil to seize on the castle and rise out all in
one day, and the day was appointed on the 23rd of that month, it
being then the Cth day of October, having regard therein to the day
of the week on which the 28rd did fall, which was Saturday, being
the market day, so that there would bo less notice of people up and
down the streets. Then began a question who should be deputed
for the surprisal of the castle, and then Mr. Moore said he would be
one of them himself and that Colonel Byrne should be another, and
what other gentlemen of Leinster they could procure to join with
them, and seeing the castle had two gates, the one the great, the
other the little gate, going down to my Lord Lieutenant's stables,
hard by which stables without the castle was the store-house for
arms ; they of Leinster were to undertake one gate and that should
be the little gate, and the great gate should be undertaken by those
of Ulster, and said he, ' of necessity one of you both,' meaning Sir
Phelim and mo, ' must bo there, for the mere countenance of the
matter, it being the glory of all our proceeduigs,' and this speech
was liked by all then present. But Sir Phelim wished to be ex-
empted from that employment and so did I, but then all of them set
on me, desiring me to be one, alleging for reason, that their pro-
ceedings and resolutions were very honourable and glorious, it being
for religion and for to procure more liberty to their country, as did
they said those of Scotland of late, and that in taking the castle
consisted all the glory and honour of the said act, all which should
be attributed to them employed therein, and so in consequence, all or
most part to be there, being as they said the chiefin that enterprise.
And moreover Sir Phelim said that lie would endeavour to take or
to procure others to take Londonderry the same day, and if he
should be away that place would not be taken ; with these and
many other persuasions they obtained my consent, and then the
Captain offered himself. They then began to think what number
should be employed in that act, and they concluded two hundred
men, one hundred from each province for those gates which they
seized on, of which number Sir Phelim should send forty, with an able
sufficient gentleman to conduct them. And likewise Captain Neil
twenty, Mr. MacMahon and Mr. Eeillyten more, and I should bring
twenty-two. Then began a doubt how they should raise those men

352 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

and convey them to Dublin without suspicion, and it was answered
that under pretence of carrying them to those Colonels that were
conveying soldiers into the kingdom it might be safely done, and to
that purpose Sir Phelim O'Neil, Mr. Moore, and the Captain had
several blank patents to make Captains, sent to those Colonels which
they sent to those that were to send men to Dublin for the more
colour they bethought them of what was to be done in the country
that day ; and it was resolved that every one privy to that matter in
every part of the kingdom should rise up that day, and seize on all
the forts and arms in the several counties, to make all the gentry
prisoners, the more to assure themselves against any adverse for-
tune, and not to kill any but where of necessity they were forced
to do so by opposition, and that rule those that were appointed for
the taking of Dublin Castle should observe and in particular the
gentry. All their army in Ulster were that day to take London-
derry, which Sir Phelim did undertake, and Knockfergus, which
they thought Sir Henry MacO'Neil would do, and to that end
Sir Phelim's brother Turlogh should be sent to him, and the
Newry was to be taken by Sir Con ]\Iagennis and his brothers,
for whom Sir Phelim, in regard they wore his brothers-in-law, hia
deceased lady being their sister, did undertake. Moreover it was
agreed, that Sir Phelim, Mr. Reilly, Mr. Coll MacMahon, and my
brother should with all the speed they could after that day raise
all the forces they could and follow us to Dublin to arm the men
and succour and attend and garrison the town and castle. And
likewise that Mr. Moore should appoint Leinster gentlemen to send
a like supply of men. Then there was a fear conceived of the Scots
that they should oppose us, and that would make the matter more
difficult, to avoid which danger it was resolved not to meddle with
them or anything belonging to them and to demean ourselves
towards them as if they were of ourselves, which we thought would
pacify them from any opposition. And if the Scots would not
accept of that offer of amity and would oppose us there was a good
hope to cause a stir in Scotland that might divert them from us. I
believe the ground for that hope was that two years before in or
about the beginning of the Scots' troubles my Lord of Tyrone sent
one Turlogh O'Neil, a priest, out of Spain, and that this, I take it,
was the time that he was in treaty with Cardinal Richelieu to my
Lord of Argyle, to treat with him for help from my Lord, for him to
come into Ireland as was said for marriage between the said Earl
and my Lord of Argyle's daughter or sister I know not which, and
this messenger was in Ireland, with whom Mr. Turlogh O'Neil,
Sir Phelim's brother, had conference, from whom this relation was

APPENDIX. 353

had. That said messenger went into Scotland, as I did hear from
the said Mr. Neil or from Ever MacMahon before named, I know
not from which of them, but what he did there I never could hear
by reason that my Lord of Tyrone was presently after killed. They
were the more confirmed in this hope hearing that my Lord of
Argyle did say (near to the same time as I guess and when the
army was raised in Ireland as I think) to a great lady in Scotland,
I know not her name, but did hear that she was much em-
barqued in the troubles of that kingdom, when she questioned how
tlicy the Scots coiild subsist against the two kingdoms of England
and Ireland, that if the king did endeavour to stir Ireland against
them, he would kindle such a fire in Ireland as would hardly ever
be quenched. And moreover they, the Irish, knew my Lord of
Argyle to be powerful with the Highlander Eedshanks in Scotland,
whom they thought would be prone and ready to such actions ; they
the Highlander Redshanks being for the most part descended out
of Ireland, holding the Irish manners and language still. And so
we all parted.

The next da,y being Wednesday at Leghrose [sic), every man
went about his own task, and so when I came home I acquainted
my brother with all that was done and what they had appointed
him to do, and did also as they had appointed me to do, I sent to
Mr. Reilly to let him know as much, and the 18th of the same
month I began my journey to Dublin. And when I came to Dublin,
being the day before the appointed day for putting that resolution
into execution there, I met with Captain Con O'Neil, sent out of the
Low Countries by Colonel O'Neil (after the messenger formerly sent
by us to the said Colonel was by him {illegible) with his answer) to
encourage us in our resolution and a speedy performance of it, with
assurance of succour which he said would not fail of the Colonel's
behalf and from the more certainty of help from him and to assure
us, that the Colonel had good hopes to procure aid from others ; he
said that it was he himself that was employed from the Colonel to
Cardinal Richelieu twice and that some men gave very fair promises
to assure the Colonel's expectations, and that the Colonel was really
himself assured of the Cardinal's aid. And he said that he was
likewise commanded by the Colonel upon our resolution of the day
to give notice thereof to him and that he would be over in fourteen
days with aid. But he (the messenger) landed nine or ten days
before and meeting with Captain Brian O'Neil, who made him
acquainted with what was resolved, he did write all the matter to
Colonel O'Neil so as he was sure of his speedy coming. And so
that evening he and I came to meet the other gentlemen, and there
VOL. II. A A

354 THE IRTSTI MASSACRES OF 1041.

were met Mr. IMoore, Colonel Byrne, Colonel Plunkett, Captain Fox,
and other Leinster gentlemen, (a Captain I think of the Byrnes or
the Toolcs but I am not sin-e of which) and Captain Brian O'Neil,
and taking an account of those that should ha been there it
was found that Sir Phelim O'Neil and Mr. Collo MacMahon did fail
of sending their men, and Colonel Byrne did miss Sir Morgan
Cavenagh, that had promised him to be there, but he, the Colonel,
said he was sure Sir Morgan would not fail to be that night or the
next morning in town. And of the 200 men that were appointed to
come there were only 80 present, yet notwithstanding they Avere
resolved to go on with their enterprise, and all the difference was at
what time of the day they should set on the castle, and after some
debate it was resolved in the afternoon, and the rather hoping to
meet the Colonels there then. For they said that if they should take
the castle and be enforced by any extremity for not receiving timely
succour out of the country (having that they could not want) . . .
And so parted that night, but to meet in the morning to see further
what was to be done. And immediately thereupon I came to my
chamber, and about nine of the clock Mr. Moore and Captain Fox
came to me, and told me all was discovered, that the city was in
arms and the gates shut up and so departed from me. And what
became of them and the rest I know not, yet think that they escaped,
but how and at what time I do not know, because I myself was
taken that morning.

APPENDIX. 355

S.
Council of the Rebels at Multifarnham Abbey.

{v. ante, vol. i. p. 106.)

After detailing the suspicious movements of the disaffected in
Ireland for some months preceding October, 1G41, the circulation
of seditious books, and unfounded rumours of the intention of the
English parliament to imprison all the chief Roman Catholic peers
and members of the Irish houses, and to compel all Roman Catholics
to conform to Protestantism on pain of death. Dr. Jones proceeds
to give the following account of the meeting of the rebel leaders
lay and clerical at Multifarnham Abbey in Westmeath a few weeks
before the outbreak, as he heard it from the guardian of the Fran-
ciscan friars who was there present.'

" A great meeting was appointed of the heads of the Romish
clergy, and other laymen of the faction, said to be at the abbey
of Multifarnham, in the county of Westmeath, where a convent
of Franciscan friars being openly and peaceably possessed of the
monastery, the day of their meeting being also St. Francis' day,
early in October, but the time and place I cannot confidently affn-m,
yet whatsoever their several opinions and discussions were as follows :
like as I have received them from a friar, a Franciscan, and present
there, being a guardian of that order. Thereupon a man and many
others there agitated and the question was, what course should be
t;i.ken with the English and all others that were found in the whole
kingdom to bo Protestants. The Council was thereon divided,
some were for their banishment without attempting their lives, for
this course was given (for example) the King of Spain's expelling
out of Granada, and other parts of his dominions the Moors, to the
number of many hundreds of thousands, all of them being dismissed
with their lives, wives, and children, with some of their goods, if
not the most part, and that this way of proceeding redounded much
to the credit of the house of Spain, whereas the slaughter of many
innocents would have been everlasting blemish of cruelty on that
state ; that the usage of the English, their neighbours, and to whom

' MSS T.C.D.

A A 2

356 THE IltlSTI MASSACRES OF 1041.

many then present owed if no more their education would gain
mucli to the cause both in England and other parts. That tlieir
goods and estates seized upon would be sufficient without meddling
with tlieir persons, that if the contrary course were taken, and their
blood spilt, besides the curse it would draw from heaven upon their
cause, it might withal incense and provoke the neighbouring king-
dom of England to the taking a more sevei'e revenge on them and
theirs, even to extirpation, if it had the upper hand.

On the other side there was urged, a contrary proceeding, the
utter cutting off of them and theirs, and to the instance of the dis-
missed Moors it was answered that that was the sole act of the
King and Queen of Spain, contrary to the advice of the Council,
which howsoever it might gain that prince a name of mercy, yet
therein the event showed him to be most hurtful not only to his
own nation, but to all Christendom besides. That this was evident
in the great excessive charge Spain hath been since that time put
to by the Moors, and their posterity to this day, all Christendom
also doth still groan under the misery it doth suffer by the piracy
of Algiers, Sallee, and the like dens of thieves. That all this
might have been prevented in one hour by a general massacre,
applying that it was no less dangerous to expel the English, whose
robbed and banished men might again return, with their swords in
their hands, who by their hard usage of spoiling might be exasperated,
and by the hope of recovering their former estates would be animated
far more than strangers, that would be sent against them, being
neither in their persons injured nor grieved in their estates ; that
therefore a general massacre were the safest and readiest way for
freeing the kingdom of any such fears. In which diversity of
opinion, however, the first prevailed with some for which the
Franciscans saith, their guardian did stand, yet others inclining to
the second, some again leaning to a middle way, neither to dismiss
all nor kill all. And according to this do we find the event and
course of their proceedings. In some places they are generally put
to the sword or other miserable end. Some restrained their (the
Protestants') persons in durance, knowing it to be in their power
to dispatch them at their leisure, in the meantime they being pre-
served, either for profit of their ransom, or for exchange of prisoners,
or gaining their own pardons by the lives of these prisoners if time
would serve, or by their death if the worst did happen to satisfy
their fury [illegible) at the first dismissed tlieir prisoners, having
spoiled them of their goods and raiment, exposing the miserable
wretches to cold and famine, whereby many have perished by death,
more than by the sword or halter.

APPENDIX. 357

So much for their councils and the effect of them, now for their
intentions, all heing reduced, which God forbid, to their power.
And therefore do they as by a law give such peremptory conclusions,
that it may bo well wondered the thoughts of men, professing them-
selves wise, should be so vain. And herein do I still follow mine
informer the Franciscan aforesaid,

1st, Their loyalty to his Majesty shall be thus reserved, thus
say they of the modest sort, but both his revenue and government
must be reduced to certain bounds, his rents to be none other than
the ancient reservations before the plantations, and the customs so
ordered as to them shall be thought iitting.

2ndly, For the government ; such of them as would be es-
teemed loyal would have it committed to the hands of two lords
justices, one of the ancient Irish race, the other of the ancient
British inhabitants of Ireland, provided that they both be of the
Komisli profession.

Srdly, That a parliament be forthwith called consisting of whom
they shall think fit, wherein their own rehgious men, bishops,
priests, and friars, shall be assistants.

4thly, Poyning's act must be repealed, and Ireland declared to
be a kingdom independent of England, and without any reference
to it in any case whatsoever.

5thly, All acts prejudicial to the Eomish religion shall bo
aljolished, and it be enacted that there be no other profession in
the kingdom but the Komish.

Gthly, That only the ancient nobility of the kingdom shall stand,
and of them such as shall refuse to conform to the Romish religion
to be removed, and others put in their room. Howsoever tho
present Earl of Kildare must be put out and another put in his
place.

7thly, All plantation lands to be recalled and the ancient pro-
prietary to be re-invested in their former estates, with the limita-
iions in their covenants oxpressed, that they had not formerly sold
their interests for valuable considerations.

Stilly, That the respective counties of the kingdom are to be
subdivided at certain bomids or baronies assigned to the chief septs,
and others of the nobility, who are to be answerable for the govern-
ment thereof, and that a standing army may be still in being, the
respective governors keeping a certain number of men to be ready
at all risings out, as they term it ; they also to build and maintain
certain fortresses in places most convenient within their precincts.
And that these governors be of absolute power and only responsible
to the parliament.

358 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

Lastly, For maintaining a correspondence with other nations,
and for securing the coasts, that also tliey may he rendered con-
siderate in the sight of others, a navy of a certain numher of ships
is to be maintained ; that to this end five houses are to be accompted,
one in each province, accompting Meath for one of them, that to
tliese houses shall be allotted an annual pension of certain thousands
of pounds, to be made up of lands appropriate to abbeys. And a
further contribution to be raised in the respective provinces to that
end. And these houses are to be assigned to a certain order of
knights answerable to that of Malta, who are to be seamen and to
maintain the fleet, that all prizes are to be apportioned, some part
for a common bank, the rest to be divided, for which purpose the
felling of wood suitable for use is to be forbidden. The house for
this purpose to be assigned to Leinster in Kilmainham, or rather
Howth, provided Lord Howth join with them, his house being
esteemed most convenient in respect of situation.

That this kingdom being thus settled, there are thirty thousand
men to be sent into England to join with the French and Spanish
forces and these jointly to fall upon Scotland, for the reducing both
England and Scotland to the obedience of the Pope, which being
finished, they have engaged themselves to the King of Spain for
assisting him against the Hollanders and giving their (the Dutch)
rebellion, as they term it, its due correction. And thus I have laid
down all that I heard related, omitting what I find others more
largely to insist upon. All which treacherous, vain, and airy pro-
jects God disappointed."

Hen. Jones.

Jurat. 3rd May, 1641,

Cora. EoGER Puttock.

Wm. Aldrich.

John Sterne.

Wm. Hitchcock

John Watson.

From the above it will be seen that according to the Franciscan
guardian (Jones's informant) his order was desirous to spare the
lives of the colonists.

AITENUIX. o59

T.

Sir W. Cole to the Lords Justices Enniskillen,
11th October, 1G41.*

(i-. vol. i. p. 108.)

Right Honourable, — Upon Friday last two of the natives of
this country, men of good credit, came to my house and informed
jno that Hugh ])oy McTirlogh McHenry O'Noil, a captain who
came from Flanders about May last, hath since that time had tlio
chiefest part of his residence in Tyrone, at or near Sir Phelim Boo
O'Neil's house, to which place it hath been observed there hath
been more than an ordinary or former usual resort of people, so
frequent that it hath bred some suspicion of evil intendments in the
minds of sundry men of honest inclinations, and these gentlemen,
my informants do say, they hold no good ophiion of it, rather con-
struing an evil intention to be the cause thereof. For my own part
I cannot tell what to make or tliink of it. The Lord Maguiro in
all that time, as they also inform me, hath been noted to have made
many very private journeys to Dublin, to the Pale, into Tyrone, to
Sir Phelim O'Neil and many other places this year, which likewise
gives divers in the country cause to doubt that something is in agi-
tation tending to no good ends. Upon Saturday last one of the
same gentlemen came again to me, and told me that as he was
going home the day before, he sent his footman a nearer way than
tlie horseway, who met with one of the Lord Inniskillin's footmen
and demanded of him from whence he came ? Who made answer
that he came from home that morning, and the other replying
'you have made good haste to be here so soon,' to which ho
answered that his Lord came home late last night, and writ letters all
that night and left not a man in or about his house, but he hath
dispatched in several ways, and that he hath sent him [the foot-
man] this way to Tirlagh Oge McHugh, and others, also witli
letters charging them to be with his Lordship this night at his
house. Of which passage I would have given your Honours sooner
' MSS. Rolls House.

3G0 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

notice but that I deemed it fit to be silent, in expectation that a
little time would produce some better ground to afford me more
matter to acquaint your honours withal. Whereupon this day I
understood by one Hugh Maguire that the said Tivlagh Oge Mac-
Hugh, Cuconnaght MacShane Maguire and Oghie O'Hosey reported
themselves to have been appointed Captains by his Lordship (Lord
Maguire) to raise men, and that he had the nomination of seven
other Captains to do the like for to serve the King of Spain in
Portugal, and that one of the said Captains entertained twelve men.
What authority or commission there is for this is not here known,
but it makes some of us that are British to stand in many doubts
and opinions, concerning the same, and the rather for that those
three men so named to be Captains are broken men in their estates
and fortunes, two of them being his Lordship's near kinsmen, and
that if any evil be intended, they are conceived to be as apt men to
embrace and help therein as any of their degree in this country.
These matters seem the more strange unto me, for that they are so
privately carried and that upon Friday last I heard Sir Frederick
Hamilton say, that the Colonels that at my last being in Dublin
wore raising men to go to Spain were since stayed by command out
of England. I have now therefore sent this bearer purposely by
these to make known to your Lordships what I have heard in this
business, which I humbly leave unto your Honours' consideration,
and desiring to know your -pleasure herein, with remembrance of
my most humble service- unto your Lordships, I will end these and
be ever your Lordships' in' all duty to be commanded,

William Cole.

ArrENDix. 361

U.

The LoiiDs Justices and Council to the Loud Lieutenant,'
25th Octoijeu, IGU, Dublin.

{v. vol. i. p. 111.)

May it please your Lordship, — On Friday the 22nd of this
month, after nine of the night, the bearer, Owen Connolly, servant
to Sir John Clotworthy, Imight, came to me, the Lord Chief Justice
Parsons, to my house in great secresy, as indeed the case did
require, and discovered unto me a most wicked and damnable con-
spiracy, plotted and contrived and intended to be also acted by
some evil affected Irish Papists here. The plot was on the then
next morning being Ignatius (Loyola's) day about nine of the clock,
to surprise his Majesty's castle of Dublin, his Majesty's chiefest
strength in this kingdom, wherein is also the principal magazine
of his arms and munition. And it was agreed, it seems among
them, that at the same hour all other his Majesty's forts and
magazines in tliis kingdom should be surprised, by others of the
conspirators. And further, that all the Protestants and English
throughout the whole kingdom that would not join with them
should be cut off, and so all those Papists should then be possessed
of the government and kingdom at the same instant. As soon as
I had that intelligence, I then immediately repaired to the Lord
Justice Borlase, and thereupon we instantly assembled the Council,
and having sat in Council all night, as also all the next day the
23rd of October, in regard of the short time left us for the consulta-
tion of so great and weighty a matter, although it was not possible
for us, on so few hours' warning, to prevent those other great mis-
chiefs which were to be acted, even at that same hour, and that at
so great a distance in all the other parts of the kingdom ; yet such
was our industry therein, having caused the castle that night to be
strengthened with armed men and the city guarded as the wicked
councils of these evil persons by the great mercy of God to us
became defeated, so as they were not able to act that part of their

' Kalsoi, vol. ii.

362 THE IPJSII MASSACRES OF 1011.

treachery which indeed was principally intended, and which if Llicy
could have effected, would have rendered the rest of their purposes
more easy. Having so secured this castle, we forthwith laid ahout
for the apprehension of as many of the offenders as we could, many
of them having come to this city that night, intending it seems the
next morning to act their parts in those treacherous and hloody
crimes. The first man apprehended was one Hugh MacMahon, Esq.,
grandson to the traitor Tyrone, a gentleman of good fortune in the
county of Monaghan, who was with others that morning taken in
Dublin, having at the time of their apprehension ofiered a little
resistance with their swords drawn, but finding those employed
against them more in number and better armed yielded. lie, upon
examination before us, denied all, but in the end, when he saw we
laid it home to him, he confessed enough to destroy himself and
impeach some others, as by a copy of his examination herewith
sent may appear to your Lordship. "We have conniiitted him until
we might have further time to examine him again, our time being
become more needful to be employed in action for securing the place
than in examining. This Mr. MacMahon had been abroad and
served under the King of Spain as a Lieutenant-Colonel ; upon con-
ference with him (MacMahon) and others and calling to mind a
letter which we received before from Sir William Cole, a copy
whereof we send your Lordship here enclosed, we gathei'ed that the
Lord Maguire was to be an actor in surprising the castle of Dublin,
wherefore we held it necessary to secure him immediately, thereby
also to startle and deter the rest when they found him laid fast.
His Lordship observing what we had done, and the city in arms,
Hed from his lodging early before day, it seems disguised, for wo
had laid a watch about his lodging so as he could not pass without
disguising himself, yet he could not get forth of the city so surely
guarded were all the gates. There was found hidden at his lodging
some hatchets with the helves newly cut off and many skeans and
some hammers. In the end the sheriffs of the city who were em-
ployed in a strict search for his Lordship, found him hidden in a
cockloft in an obscure house far from his lodging, where tliey ap-
prehended him and brought him before us. He denied all, yet so
as he could not deny he had heard of it in the country, though he
would not tell us when or from Avhom, and he confessed he had not
advertised us thereof as in duty he ouglit to have done. But we
were so well satisfied of his guilt by all circumstances, that we
doubted not upon further examination, when we could spare time
for it, to find it apparent. Wherefore we held it of absolute neces-
sity to commit him close prisoner as we had formerly done MacMahon

APPENDIX. 363

and others, where we left them on the 23rd of this month in the
morning, about tlio same hour thoy had intended to be masters of
that pLace ami the city. That morning we laid wait for all strangers
that came the night before into town, and so many were apprehended,
whom we find reason to believe had hands in this conspiracy, that we
were forced to disperse them into several gaols, and since we found
that there came many horsemen into the suburbs that night, who
findhig the plot discovered dispersed themselves immediately. When
the hour approached which was designed for the surprising of tho
castle, great numbers of strangers were observed to come to the town
in great parties several ways, who not finding admittance at the gates
stayed in the suburbs, and there grew numerous to the terror of the
inhabitants. ^Ve therefore to help that, drew up and instantly
signed a proclamation commanding all men not dwellers in the city
or suburbs to depart within an hour upon pain of death ; and made
it penal to those that should harbour them, which proclamation the
sheriff instantly proclaimed in all the suburbs by our commandment,
which being accompanied by the committal of those two eminent
men and others occasioned the departure of those multitudes ; and
in this case all our lives and fortunes and above all his Majesty's
regal power and authority being still at stake, we must vary from
ordinary proceedings, not only in executing martial law, as w^e see
cause, but also hi putting some to the rack to find out the bottom
of this treason and the contrivers thereof, which we foresee will not
otherwise be done. On the 28rd of this month we, conceiving that
as soon as it should be known that the plot for seizing the castle of
])ublin was disappointed, all the conspirators in remote parts might
be somewhat disheartened, as on the other side the good subjects
would be comforted and would then with the more confidence stand
on their guard, did prepare to send abroad to all parts of the
kingdom this proclamation which we send you here enclosed, and
so, having provided that the city and castle should be so well guarded
as upon a sudden we could, we concluded that long council.

On Saturday, at twelve o'clock of the night, the Lord Clayney
came to town and brought us the ill news of the rebels seizing with
200 men his house at Castle Blayney, in the county of Monaghan,
as also a house of the Earl of Essex's called Carrickmacross, with 200
men and a house of Sir Henry Spotswood's in the same county with
200 men, where there being a little plantation of British, the rebels
plundered the town and burnt divers other villages and robbed and
spoiled many English, and none but Protestants, leaving the English
Papists untouched as well as the Irish. On Sunday morning at
three of the clock we had intelligence from Sir Arthur Terringliam

364 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

that the Irish in the town had that day also broken up the king'3
store of arms and munition at Newry, where the store for arms liath
been ever since the peace, and where they found seventy barrels of
powder and armed themselves under the command of Sir Con
Magennis, knt., and one Crelly a monk, and plundered the English
there and disarmed the garrison. And this, although too much, is
all that we yet hear is done by them, however, we shall stand upon
our guard the best we may to defend the castle and city principally,
those being the places of most importance. But if the conspiracy
be so universal as Mr. MacMahon saitli in his examination it is,
namely that all the counties of the kingdom have conspired in it,
which Ave admire (wonder) should so fall out in this time of uni-
versal peace, and carry with them that secresy that none of the
English could have any friend among them to disclose it, then
indeed we shall be in high extremity, and the kingdom in the
greatest danger that ever it underwent, considering our want of
men, money and arms, to enable us to encounter such great multi-
tudes as they can make if all should so join against us ; the rather
because we have pregnant cause to doubt that the combination hatli
taken force by the incitement of the Jesuits, priests and friars. All
the hope we have here is that the English of the Pale and some
other parts will continue constant to the king in their fidelity, as
they did in former rebellions. And now in these our straits, we
must under God depend on aid coming forth of England for our
present supply with all speed, especially money, we having none,
and arms which we shall exceedingly want, without which we are
exceedingly doubtful what account we shall give to the king of this
kingdom. But if the conspiracy be only of Maguire and some other
Irish of the kindred and friends of the rebel Tyrone and other Irisli of
the counties of Down, Monaghan, Cavan, Fermanagh, and Armagh
and no general revolt follow thereon, we hope then to make head
against them in a reasonable measure, if we be enabled with money
from thence, without which we can i-aise no forces ; so great is our
want of money as we have formerly written and our debt so great to
the army ; nor is money to be borrowed here, and if it wore we would
engage all our estates for it ; neither have we any hope to get in his
^Majesty's rents and subsidies in these disturbances, which adds
extremely to our necessities. On Sunday morning, the 24th of
October, we met again in council, and sent to all parts of the king-
dom the enclosed proclamation and issued patents to draw hither
seven horse troops as a further strength to this place, and to be
with us, in case the rebels should make head and march hitherward,
so as that we may be necessitated to give them battle. We also

APPENDIX. 3G5

then sent away our letters to the presidents of both the provinces of
Minister and Connaught, as also to the sheriffs of five counties of
the Pale to consult the best way and means of their own preserva-
tion. That day the Lord Viscount Gormanston, the Lord Viscount
Netterville, the Lord Viscount FitzWilliams, and the Lord of Lowth,
and since then the Earls of Kildare and Fingal, and the Lords of
])unsany and Slane, all noblemen of the English Pale, came unto
us declaring that they then and not before heard of the matter and
professed all loyalty to his Majesty and concurrence with the State;
but said they wanted arms, whereof they desired to be supplied by
us, which we told them we Avould willingly do, as relying much on
their faithfulness to the Crown, but we were not yet certain whether
or no we had enough to arm our strengths for the guarding of our:
city and castle ; yet we supplied such of them as lay in most danger
with a small proportion of arms and ammunition for their houses, lest
they should conceive we entertained any jealousy of them, and we
connnanded them to be very diligent in sending out watches, and
making all the discoveries they could and thereof to advertise us,
which they readily promised to do. And if it fall out that the Irish
generally rise, which we have cause to suspect, then we must of
necessity put arms into the hands of the English Pale, in present
and others as fast as we can, to fight for the defence of the State and
themselves. Your Lordship now sees the condition wherein we stand,
and how necessary it is, first, that we enjoy your presence speedily
for the better guiding of these and other public affairs of the king
and kingdom, and 2ndly that the parliament of England be moved
imnu'diately to iidviinco to us a good sum of money, which being now
speedily sent hither may prevent the expense of very much treasure
and blood in a long continued war. And if your Lordship shall
happen to stay on that side any long time, we must then desire your
Lordship to appoint a Lieutenant-General to discharge the great and
weighty burden of commanding the forces here. Amidst these con-
fusions and disorders fallen upon us, we bethought us of the parlia-
ment wdiicli was formerly adjourned to November next, and the
term now also at hand which will draw such a concourse of people
hither, and give opportunity under that pretence of assembling and
taking new councils, seeing the former seems to be in some part
disappointed, and of contriving further danger to this state and
people. We therefore found it an unayoidable necessity to prorogue
the parliament to the 24tli day of February next, and therefore we
did by proclamation prorogue it accordingly, and do direct the term
to be adjourned to the 1st of Hillary term, excepting only the Court
of Exchequer, for the hastening in of the king's money. We desire

IGG

THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1041.

that upon this occasion your Lordship will be pleased to view our
letters concerning the plantation of Connaught dated the 24th of
April last, directed to Mr. Secretary Vane in that part tliereof
which concerns the county Monaghan, where now those fires do first
break out. In the last place we must make known to your Lord-
ship that the army we have, consisting but of 2,000 foot and 1,000
horse, are so dispersed in garrisons, in several parts of the four pi-o-
vinces, for the security of these parts, as continually they have been
since they were reduced, as if they be all sent for to be drawn
together, not only the places where they are to be drawn from and
for whose safety they lie thei'e, must be by their absence distressed
but also the companies themselves coming in so small numbers
may be in danger to be cut off in their march ; nor indeed have we
any money to enable the soldiers to enable them to march. And so
we take leave and remain your Lordship's to be commanded,

William Parsons.
John Borlase.
Egbert Bolton. Cane.
Thomas Eotherham.
Adam Loftus.
J. Temple.
G. Lowther.
G. Wentworth.
R. Meredith.

J. Dillon.
A. Midensis.
J. Raphoe.

R. DiGBY.

F. WiLLOUGHBY.

J. Ware.

APPENDIX, 3C7

The Examination of Owen Connolly, gent., taken reforr

us whose names ensue, the 22nd of October, 1G41, at

Dublin.'

{v. vol. i. p. 108.)

Who being duly sworn and examined, saith, that being at Money-
more in the county of Londonderry on Tuesday last, he received a
letter from Colonel Hugh Oge MacMahon desiring him to come to
him to Connagh in the county of Monaghan and to be with him on
Wednesday or TJiursday last. Whereupon ho this oxamt. came to
Connagh on Wednesday at night last and finding the said Hugh
come to Dublin followed him hither. He (the examt.) came to
Dublin about G of the clock this evening and forthwith went to
the lodging of the said Hugh to the house near the Boot in
Oxmantown,^ and there he found the said Hugh and came with
him into the town near the pillory to the lodging of the Lord
Maguire, where they found not the Lord within and there they
drank a cup of beer and then went back to the said Hugh's lodging.
He saith that at tlio said Maguire's lodging the said Hugh told him
that there were and would be this night great numbers of noblemen
and gentlemen of the Irish and Papists from all parts of the king-
dom in this town, who with himself had determined to take the
castle of Dublin and possess themselves of all his Majesty's ammu-
nition there to-morrow morning being Saturday, and that they
intended first to batter the chimnies of the town and if the city
would not yield then to batter the houses, and to cut off all the
Protestants that would not join with them. He further saith that
the said Hugh told him that the Irish had prepared men in all parts
of the kingdom to destroy all the English inhabitants there to-mor-
row morning by 10 of the clock, and that in all the seaports and
other towns of the kmgdom all the Protestants should be killed this

' NaJson, vol. ii,

^ Oxmantown, originally Ostmen'stown, from the Ostraen or Danes, is now-
covered by the Four Courts and buildings around them, but was in 1641 a suburb
of Dublin.

368 THE iriisii massacres of ig41.

night and that all the posts that could he could not prevent it.
And he further saith, that he moved the said Hugh to forbear the
executing of tliat business and to discover it to tlie State for the
saving of his own estate, who said that he could not help it, but
said that they did own due allegiance to the Idng and would pay
him all his rights, but that they did this against the tyramiical
government that was over them and to imitate Scotland who got a
privilege by that course. And he saith further, that when he was
with the said Hugh in his lodging the second time, the said Hugh
swore he should not go out of his lodging that night, but told him
that he should go with him the next morning to the castle and
said that if that matter were discovered somebody should die for it ;
whereupon this examt. feigned some necessity for his easement and
went down out of the chamber and left his sword in pawn, and the
said Hugh sent his man down with him, and when this examt.
came down into the yard, finding an opportunity, he leaped over a
wall and two pales and so came to the Lord Justice Parsons.

Owen O'Connelly.

W. Parsons.

TlIOS. EOTIIERAM.

RoBT. Meredith.

The Examination of Hugh Oge MacMahon of Connagh,
Esquire, aged 85 years or thereabouts, taken before
THE Rt. Hon. Lords Justices and Council.'

The said examt. saith that he thinks there will be trouble this
day throughout all the kingdom of Ireland and that all the fortifi-
cations of Ireland will be taken as he thinks. And he saith that he
thinks that it is so far gone by this time that Ireland cannot help it ;
he saith he was told this by Captain Brian O'Neil and that he and
Captain Hugh Byrne were designed for the surprising of the castle
of Dublin, and tliat if this examt. were one for that surprising, those
captains were the principals therein. He saith that the place of
meeting was to be at this examt. 's lodging, and that twenty prime
men of every county in Ireland were to be at Dublin this last night
concerning this matter, and that they were to consult of it this
morning at his lodging, their weapons were to he swords and skeans
and that the captains that were raising men in the Irish countries
were they that should bring men hither to second the business. He

' Nalson, vol. ii. ■ ■

APPENDIX. 369

fiirtlier saitli, that when tliey liad Dublin they made sure of the rest,
and expected to be furnished with more arms at Dublin. He said,
' I am now in your hands, use me as you wdll, but I am sure I shall
bo shortly revenged.' And being demanded Avhether the Lord
]\Iaguire was one appointed to this business he said he thought he

was.

Tho. Eotherham. William Parsons.

E. Meredith. E. Dillon.

Ad. Loptus.

J. TeMI'LE.

vol. II. B B

370 THE IRISH mass aches of ion.

W.

Declaration of Dean Ker.'

(r. vol. i. pp. 117, HP.)

"I, Jolin Ker, Dean of Ardagh, having occasionally discoursed
with the Rt. Hon. George, Lord Viscount Lanesl)orough, concern-
ing the late Tiehellion in Ireland, and his lordsliip at that time
having desired me to certify the said discoiu'se under my hand and
Bcal, I do declare as followoth : That I was present in Court Avlien
the rebel Sir Phelim O'Neil was brought to his trial in Dublin, and
tluit he was tried in that Court, which is now the High Court of
Chancery, and that his judges were Judge Donellan, afterwards Sir
James Donnellan, Sir Edward Bolton, kiit., some time Lord Chief
Baron of the Exchequer and Dungan, then called Judge Dungan,
and another judge whose name I do not now remember. And that
amongst other witnesses then brought in against the prisoner there
was one Joseph Travers clerk and one Mr. Michael Harrison, if I
mistake not the Christian name : and that I heard several robberies
and murders proved against him the said Sir Phelim, he having
nothing material to plead in his own defence. Aiul that the said
Judge whose name I remember not as abovesaid examined the
Baid Sir Phelim about a commission that he should have {i.e. was
said to have had) had from Charles Stuart (as the said Judge called
the late king) for levying the said war ; and that the said Sir
Phelim made answer that ho never had such a commission and
that it was then proved in Court by tho testimony of the said
Joseph Travers, and others, that the said Sir Phelim had such a
commission, and did then in the beginning of the said Irish rebel-
lion shew the same unto the said Joseph and several others then
in Court. Upon which the said Sir Phelim confessed, that when
he surprised the Castle of Charlemont and the Lord Caulfield that
ho ordered the said Mr. Harrison and another gentleman, whose

> Nnhott. Carte ^fSS., Bodleian.

ArPENDIX. 371

name I do not now remember, to cut off the kinp^'s broad seal from
a patent of the said Lord's they then found in Charlemont, and to
affix it to a commission which he the said Sir Pliehm had ordered
to be drawn up. And that the said Mr. Harrison did, in the face of
tlie whole Court, confess tljat by the said Sir Phelim's order, he did
stitch the silk cord or label of that seal with silk of the colours of
tlie said label and so fixed the label and seal to the said commission,
and that the said Sir Edward Bolton and Judge Donelan urging
the said Sir Phelim to declare why he did so deceive the people,
he did answer that no man could blame him to promote that cause
he had so far engaged in. And that upon the second day of his
trial, some of the said judges told him that if he could produce any
material proof that he had such a commission from the said Charles
Stuart to declare and prove it before sentence passed against him,
and that then he the said Sir Phelim should be restored to his estate
and liberty. But ho answered, that ho could prove no such thing,
nevertheless they gave him time to consider of it until next day,
which was the third and last day of his trial. Upon which dp,y, the
said Sir Phelim being brought into Court and urged again, he de-
clared again tliat he never could prove any such thing as a commis-
sion from the king. And added that there were several outrages
committed by officers and others his aiders and abettors in the
management of that war, contrary to.liis intention, and which now
pressed his conscience very much ; and that he could not in con-
science add to them the injustice of calumniating the king, though
he had been frequently solicited to do so by fair promises and great
rewards while he was in prison. And proceeding further in this
discourse, he was immediately stopt, and before he had ended
further what he had to say, sentence of death was pronounced on
him. And I do further declare that I was present a,nd very near tp
the said Sir Phelim, when he was upon the ladder at hig execution,
and that one Marshal Peake and another Marshal befpre the said
Sir Phelim was cast, camo riding towards the plapo in great hasto
and called aloud ' Stop a* little ! ' and having passed through the
throng of spectators and guards, one of them whispered a little
while with the said Sir Phelim, and that the said Sjr Phelijn
answered in the hearing of several hundred people of whom I
myself was one, I thank the Lieutenant-General for hjg intended
mercy, but I declare, good people, before God and his holy angels,
and all of you that hear me, that I never had any commission from
the king for what I have done, in the levying or prosecution of this
war, and I do heartily beg your prayers, all good Catjjolics and

J3 B 2

372 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGll.

Christians, that God may be merciful unto me and forgive me my
sins. More of his speech I could not hear, which continued not long,
the guards beating off those that stood near the place of execution.
All that I have written here I declare to be true, and am ready, if
thereunto required upon my corporal oath, to attest the truth of
every word of it. And in testimony thereof I do subscribe my
hand and affix my spal this 28th day of February, 1681,"

John Ker {Locus SigilU).

APPENDIX. 373

X.

Buodie's Note on the Commission to O'Neil.'

(y. vol. i. p. 115.)

" The Commission with instructions was supposed to have been
carried to Ireland by Lord Dillon of Costellogh, who when the
Irish Connnittee left the king in August accompanied his Majesty
by the queen's orders to Scotland and was remarked at Court to bo
an uncommon favourite. He left the king about the beginning of
October and carried letters to Ireland to be sworn a privy councillor
of that kmgdom. Now the Commission is dated on the 1st of
October, while the Incident ^ occurred on the 11th, and the Commis-
sion contained a particular clause in favour of the Scotch, whom
it was imagined the Licident should as a people have put under the
royal management against all their former measures. See letter
from Sir Patrick Wemyss to the Earl of Ormond about Dillon, Sec,
and which appears by comparing the matter contained in it, with
"the Scottish parliamentary records and acts lately published, to
have been written between the 1st and 8th of October, while the
postscript shows that it was carried by Dillon. {Carte's Letters, vol. i.)
Dillon afterwards avowed himself a Papist and soon became active
for the confederated Irish. Another remarkable coincidence regards
tlie Scottish great seal, which prior to the 2nd of October, 1G41,
had been for ' those years begane,' to use the language of the Scots
Acts (see late publication of Scots Acts, vol. v. for 30th September,
and 1st and 2nd of October, and Appendix, p. 676 et seq.), in the
possession of the Marquis Hamilton and his underkeeper John

• Hist, nf the British Emjnrc, by Brodie, vol. ii. p. 378, note.

* Tho Incidont, as it is called by the Scotch historians, was a plot said to have
been devised by Montrose and the king to seize and imprison or put to death
Argyle, Hamilton and his brother the Earl of Lanerick. They were to bq invited
to attend Charles at a drawing-room in Holyrood on the 1 1th of October,' and were
to be there arrested by the Earl of Crauford, Colonels Stewart, Hume and Coch-
rane, Hardwicke's State Papers, vol. ii. p. 299 ; Burton, vol. vii.

374 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

Hamilton, advocate ; but which on the appointment of Loudon as
chancellor, with the approbation of the States on the 1st of October,
was ordered to be produced in parliament by the Marquis, and the
underkeeper, on the following day, that it might with all formality
be delivered in parliament by the king to the newly appointed
chancellor. This was accordingly done, and an act of exonera-
tion which had been previously prepared in favour of the Marquis
and the underkeeper was passed that very day. Now the supple
character of the Marquis is well known, and the underkeeper was
likewise a keen royalist and indeed the other's creature. Though
therefore it may be inferred from the Incident that they knew
nothing of any intention to grant a commission to the Irish, it does
not follow that the seal, which was not confided to the ]\Iarquis as
chancellor or regular keeper, was not at all times at the king's
service. Indeed it might easily be required or might easily be
givdn up as a test of loyalty without suspicion of any foul purpose
either on his or his underkeepfer'fe part ; and it was alleged to have
been occasionally in the possession of llndynlion Porter, one of the
king's attendants who had formerly accompanied him into Spain.
{Mystefy of Iniquity, ed. 1643, p. 87, 8.) Now it is remarkable
that Burnet in his Lives of the Hamiltons, and he was at that time
a keen royalist, though he takes notice of this passage in the above
pamphlet, and denied the charge about the commission, says nothing
about the Seal's having been occasionally in the custody of Porter.
See p. 250 and compare it with Carte's pretended reference to this
work for his statements in his Life of Ormond, vol. i. p. 180. See
also Charles' own ofier in his answer to the declaration of no more .
addresses. Was not this answer originally di-awn by Clarendon
without the king's knowledge ? Yes, and that without communica-
tion with Charles, though his Majesty afterwards approved and thus
in a manner adopted it. See Clarendon's Letters^ voL i. p. 244,
ed. 16G2, p. 289, to prove by witnesses that the Scottish seal had
not for many mOnths previous to the date of the alleged commission
sealed anything, without mentioning the only witnesses who could
possibly have boon admitted. The fact is that the Marquis and
the underkeeper soon engaged for the king and that the act of
exoneration closed both their mouths, since without renouncing the
benefits of it, they could not allege that they had not faithfully
kept the seal, the ground on which the exoneration was granted
them. Now if there were a coincidence between the date of the
alleged commission, the depai'turc of Dillon andotliers ; for pi'esently
after its date we are told Butler and divers Irish commanders of
whom the court was then full were as well as Dillon dispatched for

APPENDIX. 375

Ireland with liis Majesty's license ; {Mystery of Iniquity, pp. 87, 88)
if I say there was a coincidence between these and the Incident,
surely there was a greater between the date of the commission and
the delivery of the great seal to Loudon when it was put beyond
the king's reach. Parliament then met early in the morning, and
Friday the 1st of October was consequently the last day on which
Charles could command the seal. But it is said that no true copy
of the pretended commission was ever produced, that in Milton and
Eushworth, being an evitlent fabrication, as it relates to events
which did not happen until some months afterwards. Now it will
be curious if this should turn out to be a perfect mistake. The
commission states, that for the preservation of his person, the
king had been enforced to make his abode for a long time in Scot-
land, in consequence of the disobedient and obstinate carriage of
the English parliament, which had not only presumed to take
upon them the government and disposing, &c., but had also pos-
sessed themselves of the whole strength of the kingdom, in ap-
pointing governors, commanders and olllcers in all parts and places
therein, &c.

This commission is said in regard to the question about the
power of the militia to relate to events which did not occur for
Bomc months afterwards, but Hume, who in this follows Rapin, had
not much studied the subject, otherwise he never could have made
such a statement. For as early as the 10th of May, IGll, the very
day on which the bill was passed for continuing the parliament, a
report was made in the lower house ' from a committee that was
a[vpointed to prepare heads for a conference ' with the lords, ' that
one have power to command in chief on this side of the Trent, and
such power to choose officers as the now general hath, and to bring
a list of their names to both houses of parliament.' {Journals for
lOtJi May.) Agaui in the ten propositions to be presented to the
king before his going to Scotland, there was one, that his Majesty
might be petitioned to remove evil counsellors, and to commit the
business and affairs of the kingdom to such councillors and officers
as the parliament may have cause to confide in, another regarded
lord lieutenants, and their deputies, and there is one expressed thus—
' That the cinque ports and other ports of the kingdom may be put
into good hands, and a list of those who govern them may be pre-
sented to parliament, and that those persons may be altered upon
reason, and that especial care be taken for reparation and provision
of forts ' {Nalson, vol. ii. p. 811, 313). In addition to this, we may
remind the reader of Haselrig's bill, all which is the more astonishing
that Mr. Hume should have overlooked, since Mr. Carte, from whom

8T6

THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1(3 tl.

he borrows so liberally, has distmctly stated it. But the Commons
were not content with all this, for they actually interfered Avith the
forts, as may be seen by the Journals for the 14th, 21st, and 25th
of August. What had occurred in Scotland prior to the date of the
Commission confirmed their purposes. A publication of original
correspondence shows, that Charles was apprised by Secretary
Nicholas of the intention of the English parliament to make the con-
cessions in Scotland a precedent for themselves. Nicholas' letters
were sent back apostiled and therefore we shall present them in
the original form. On the 28th of August, he writes from West-
minster, ' All things are now likely to be very still here, every man's
expectation being fixed upon your majesty's and the parliament's
proceedings there.' On the 24th September he writes from Thorpe :

(Nicholas' Letter.')

" This enclosed from my Lord Keeper
was brought to me last night to be conveyed
to your majesty and will I hope give your
majesty an account of your last letter to his
lordship. Your majesty may be pleased to
procure from your parliament there some
further reiteration of their declaration that
what your majesty hath consented to con-
cerning your election of officers there may
not be drawn into example to your majesty's
prejudice here, for if I am not misinformed
there will be some attempt to procure the
like act here, concerning officers, before the
act of tonnage and poundage be passed to
your majesty for lief. I hear that the com-
mittee of the commons hath appointed to
take into consideration on your majesty's
revenue next week, and that then they Avill
sit at least twice a week. I am unwilling
to give your majesty in your great affairs
there too long an interruption, with the
tedious lines of your Sacred Majesty's, &c,
App. to Evelyn's Memoirs, p. 24.

{The King's EemarJ:^.)

"It is SO and likes
me well.

" I like your proposi-
tion and shall get as
much as I may how-
ever I thank you for
your advertisement.

" I pray God it be to
a good purpose, and
no knavery in it.

" I command you to
send in my name to
all those Lords that
my wife shall toll
you of, that they fail
not to attend at the
doAvn sitting of the
parliament.

On the 27th of September, Nicholas writes from Thorpe, that
the parliament had by its imusual proceedings begun to lose the
reverence it had licfore tlio adjournment, and then proceeds thus : —

APPENDIX.

377

(^Nicholas' Letter.)

" I hear there are divers meetmgs at
Chelsea at the Lord Mandeville's house and
elsewhere hy Pyiii and others, to consult
what is best to he done at their next meeting
in parliament, and I believe they will in the
first place fall upon some plausible thing
that may reindegrate them in the people's
good opinion, which is their anchor hold and
only interest, and if I am not much misin-
formed, it will be either upon Papists or
upon some act for expunging of officers and
counsellors here, according to the Scottish
precedent, or on both together and therefore
it will import your majesty by some serious
and faithful advice to do something to an-
ticipate or prevent them before their next
meeting.

(77i!C King's Rcinnrks.)

" It were not amiss
that some of my
servants met likewise
to countermine their
plots, to which end
speak with my wife
and receive her di-
rections."

On the

The apostiles to this letter are dated 2nd October
29th of September, Nicholas writes from Westminster :

{Nicholas' Letter.) (^Tho King's Remarks.)

" By letters to particular persons which
I have seen dated 25th September it is ad-
vertised from Edinburgh that your Majesty
hath nominated the Lord Lothian to be your
chancellor. "Whatsoever the news that is
come hither amongst the party of the pro-
testers, they are observed to be here of late,
very jocund and cheerful, and it is conceived
to arise from some advertisements out of
Scotland, from whose actions and successes
they intend as I hear to take a pattern for
their proceedings here at their meeting.

This was apostiled on the 5th of October, but his Majesty men-
tions that he had that day also received one dated the 1st {Ibid.
p. 28). . . It has been well observed that Charles never very pointedly
denied the commission. . . The Earl of Essex told Bishop Burnet
that " he had taken all the pains he could to enquire into the origin
of the Irish massacre, but he could see no reason to believe the
king was accessory to it ; but he did believe that the queen did

"It is not Lothian
yet.

" I believe that be-
fore all be done, they
will not have such
great cause for joy.

378 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF lOJl.

hearken to the propositions made by the Irish, who undertook to
take the governni(nit of Ireland into their own liands, which they
thought they could perform and then they promised to assist the
king against the hot spirits in Westminster (Burnet's Ilist. of Jiis
07vn Times, vol. i. p. 41). I cannot distinguish between the king
and queen considering their dark correspondence and joint plots. . .
But here a distinction must be again pointed out between the
massacre and the proposition by the Irish to take the government
of that island into their own hands. Of being accessory to the first
the king must be acquitted. The last is in a different predicament."

APPENDIX. 379

Y.

Outbreak of the RebelIjIOn in Cobk.'
(y. vol. i. p. 111.)

" The misery and wretched calamity that now befals the English
nation, was first bruited at Cork oil the 25th of April, 1641, that
there should be a massacre of all the English in the city on May
Day following, upon which report the primest of the English in St.
Finbarry's betook themselves to the Fort on May Eve, whereupon
the mayor forbade the bringing in of the May, (an ancient custom of
that rich city) whereby no suspicion might be embarked in the
hearts of the English, and his fair court made him and us seemingly
secure.

That day being May Eve, I came from Cork to my own house
at Eoss Carberry, where I met with Dominick Coppinger, Esquire,
who came to entreat me to dine with him the morrow after, at his
house in Ballinvreine, and desired that my man might bring a
musket to help to bring home the May, and set up a May Pole at his
new intended plantation by the Powry bridge, where he had begun
the foundation of a market house a mile from Ross. The former 1
refused, the latter I sent him. This being past, all things were quiet
and the raisers of that report were censured. But about the 20tli of
November, McCarthy Reagh, O'Donovan, Tiegue O'Downy, Domi-
nick Coppinger, justice of the peace, his brother Thomas Coppinger
of the connnission, also Tiegue O'Driscol who married their sister,
Dermot Glas alias Carthy, brother to Tiegue O'Downy, Tiegue
MacFineen Carthy son of Finneen Carthy of Gortmaclough, Donoghd
Carrogh alias O'Driscol, Keife O'Keife, Florence MacCarthy of Ben-
duffe, Murrogh O'Donovan, Rickard O'Donovan, Dermot O'Donovan,
Douogh O'Donovan, Cade O'Donovan, all brothers of O'Donovan,
and their sons with Daniel MaoOwny O'Donovan of the Freugt {sic),
and Monartagh [sic) O'Donovan and his sons and Rickard O'Donovan
of Kilfinian, and all the rest of the Irish gentry of East and West Car-
berry, were summoned by McCarthy, Lord of the coimtry, to appear

' MSS. T.C.D.

380 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IJJl.

at {illegible) the Friday following by virtue of a commission granted
from the Lord President of Munster to the said MacCarthy to impress
and raise according to his ability as many soldiers as could be pro-
vided by them to defend the western parts, they hearing that there
was a rebellion in the eastern parts of Munster.

On Friday, being the 7th of January, the gentry before named
with their freeholders and tenants that day met, and after their
treacherous meeting was dissolved, they went to Mr. Edward New-
man's house, and there told me that they would ever stand for our
defence against the rebels in Tipperary and Limerick. In the very
interim there came in the constable of Ross, to desire Dominick
Coppinger, or his brother Thomas, commissioners of the peace, to
examine one Dermot O'Brinnyand six others who had stolen divers
cows from an Englishman the night before, but they utterly refused
it, saying that they were on the king's business already, so that in
the churchyard before them all, there fled away four of the robbers,
and none of the Irish would lay hands on them, though the con-
stable in the king's name commanded them to do so.

The 2nd of January, at 12 of the clock at night, word came to
us from Tiegue O'Downy, that we must shift for our lives, otherwise
we should all be killed on a sudden, whereupon we all fled presently
to Rathbarry Castle, a mile from the town, being in great danger of
our lives, which by God's help we did, they seizing our goods Avitli-
out doors and within. The governor of Bandon hearing of those
troubles sent on the (illegible) day of that inst., one Captain Hoop,
a Scotsman, to Ross, who coming to the town found nothing there
of any value and the rebels fled so he returned. Upon the 24th
day of January, the Lord of Kinalmeaky came from Bandon to
Clonakilty, where he lay all night, being most tempestuous weather,
and but six troopers to Rathbarry Castle that night, who (illegible) on
purpose to know the strength of the town of Ross, answer was
returned we could not tell, but we saw numbers of people resorting
thither, yet Lord Kinalmeaky came half the way from Clonakilty to-
wards (illegible), but the weather being so tempestuous and the enemy
strong he returned to Bandon. About the 3rd of February, Mr.
Joseph Salmon, Mr. Henry Hull and John Vincent, servant to Mr.
Samuel Salmon, who kept Glandore Castle, ventured to come to
Rathbarry Castle three miles distant, the very day all the barony of
Ibawne rose and showed themselves before the castle of Rathbarry,
yet their (illegible) would (illegible) home to Glandore, but as they
were riding home they Avere set upon, two of them then taken being
sore wounded, and John Vincent was shot, who falling down, they
presently came in upon him, stripped him stark naked not being

APPENDIX. 381

yet dead, presently threw a heap of stones upon him, which while
they were doing as long as he had breath he called them rebels
and murderers. Those were the first men of the English that were
slain in those parts. And that very same night the rebels took the
castle of Donnemcas, where Mr. Richard Hungerford, his two sons,
and his daughter-in-law, were taken prisoners, with three men and
eight women and children, who were afterwards ransomed by my
Lord of Kinalmeaky. Upon the 7th of February Florence Mac-
Carthy of Benduffe and his rebellious crew took two of the Rath-
barry Castle men who were gone out to fetch some furze for firing,
who being carried to Eoss, one was cut in divers pieces and the
other upon much entreaty was first stripped naked and then hanged.
About the 17th day of February, the Down {illegible) Castle was
yielded upon quarter to the rebels, that they the besieged should
have what goods they could carry and be conducted safe to Castle-
haven, where Rickard O'Donovan, as they were on their journey,
met them and stripped them contrary to their quarter, some were
wounded and part came all safe to Castlehaven. Upon the 14th of
March eight men and eleven women of the castle of Donnmahon,
as they were washing clothes, were taken by the rebels, none were
slain but all ransomed by the Lord of Kinalmeaky, and that night
the rebels cast a trench, before the castle gate, by which means they
kept Mr. Barliam who was the owner of the castle from water ;
whereupon before ten days' siege he surrendered the castle upon
quarter, but as eight of the {illegible) of the rebels were in the
castle with him delivering the orders of their agreement, one of the
king's ships called the r>uonaventure shot at the rebels from
14 or 15 pieces of ordnance, which made them fly, and sent the
longboat on oars with a small prize in her and GO musketeers, who
marched to the castle and brought Mr. Barham and a great
many women and children who were then with him out of the
castle, aboard the ship, and set fire to it, thinking to burn all the
goods therein, which wore of great value, but presently after Mr.
Barham's departure an Englishwoman, that was hid in the clilfs
thinking to remain until Mr. Barham came back, went into the
castle quenched the fire and saved all the goods ; and the next day
John Barry, captain of the rebels, his brother Edmund and his
brother William Barry and Thomas MacMahony O'Hea came to
the castle, seeing the coast clear and entered upon all the goods,
whereupon they sent to the Lady 0' {illegible) to Timoleague who
came thither herself, and to her the goods were delivered ; she had
for her part eight {illegible) loads of bedding and clothes, and other
provision which was supposed to be third part of the goods in the

382 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

castle. The other two parts Captain John Barry and his hrotliers
divided.

Upon Palm Sunday eve ahout half an hour before sun setting,
the sun was encompassed about wjth a circle as red as blood, and
presently after there went a stroke throughout it, like blood, part of
the sun appearing on one side q-nd part on the other side, which
continued for the space of a quarter of an hour, at last it seemed all
blood which was fearful and terrible to behold, and a little after the
sun appeared bright. Upon Trinity Sunday there came fifty pike-
men and thirty musketeers of the rebels to a meadow near adjoin-
ing the castle of Rathbarry, where 18 horses were feeding, which
they thought to have taken away, but six of our musketeers and
four pikemen went forth and turned the horses into the castle,
and then fought with the rebels and killed six of them, only one of
our men was shot in the thigh ; there was on the top of the hill
some half a mile from the castle 1,200 of the rebels, who showed
themselves to the castle and sent unto us to yield upon quarter.
Answer was returned that we scorned to take quarter at their hands.
The 9tli day of Ji^ly, a boat being made in the castle of barrel boards,
by one John Sellers, a miller, it was carried on men's shoulders in
the dead of the night to the sea, being a quarter of a mile from the
castle, wherein four men were put who rowed tliat night to Castle-
haven, thinking to find there one of the king's ships to acquaint the
castle with the great distress for victuals of those within the castle,
biit finding none there, they came away the 13th day of that instant
July in another great boat to Glandore at midnight, with 12 men
•where they found the Elizabeth of Plymouth ; the captain thereof
being one Captain Brown, who had done great service in the western
parts in burning the Irish dwellings and killing all that he met,
withall bringing off many distressed English, and the boatsmen
acquainting him with the misery of the castle, he came the next
morning about 8 of the clock and sent two longboats ashore, and
60 there came from the castle 75 men, women, and children,
who were like all to be cut off by (the rebels of) the baronies of
Carberry and Ibawne, had he, Captain Brown, not kept them oft" witli
his ordnance. And he brought us that night safe to Kinsale, where-
upon some of us going aboard to the Admiral in the Swallow,
acquainted hjm with the distress of those that were left behind,
upon which the next morning he went himself aboard of the Lord
Forbes' ship, Avho was general of the army then newly come into
Kinsale harbour, who called a council of war, and that afternoon
went towards Bandon Bridge, the true relation wliereof hereafter
folio weth."

APPENUIX. 383

The anonymous fragment breaks off here, but from the following
letter it would appear that the rebels at Kinsale began their work
earlier than those in the city of Cork. Lord Kinalmeaky mentioned
in the above narrative was the fourth son of Richard, Earl of Cork.
He married in 1G39 Lady Elizabeth Fielding, daughter of the Earl
of Denbigh, but was killed at the battle of Liscarrol on the 3rd of
September, 1642, leaving no issue.

Sib Henry Stkadling from Kinsale to Sir John Pennington.'

Honoured Sir,— I arrived here on the second present. This
country, which I ever thought most free from disloyalty of any in
Ireland, is at this instant in a general revolt, and the Enghsh in a
very miserable condition, fallen from much plenty on a sudden to so
much poverty that they ovm nothing. Every Irishman now declares
lumself a rebel and of all tliis province only the towns of Kinsale,
Cork, and Youghal, (a little kept in awe by the castles) stand out for
the king ; and Bandon-Bridge inhabited only by English. On Tues-
day last there was a meeting of the chief men in these parts, most of
which pretended to be good subjects, and they have all taken oath
and entered into confederacy to extirpate the English ; the names of
some I can remember, My Lord of Muscroe [Muskerry), Macartie
(a man of much power) Macartie Eey [Bcagh), Teg O'Doney, and
some ten more ; and they have appointed one Colonel Barry (Ljen-
tenant-Colonel to my Lord Barrymoro last year in the north) to bo
their general of these forces. There is very Httle quarter given of
either side and nothing to be expected but destruction, When I
shall have the happiness of an opportunity I shall take the boldness
to tender my service to you and Sir, as long as I live, endeavour tq
express myself to my power.

Your faithful servant,
Kinsale, March Gth, 1641. Hen. Steadlingb,

.IfWrcsscc^ .•—" For my honourable friend Sir John Pennington,

" knight, these."
Endorsed .•-—♦' March 6th from Sir Henry Stradling,"

- MSS. Rolls House.

oSi THE IRTSTI MASSACRES OF 1011.

z.

The following proffer of testimony against an Irish rebel by two
of his countrymen (seventeenth century " Careys") appears to have
been preserved by the royalist or republican commissioners as an
etymological curiosity. The original MS. is carefully bound up with
the other documents in one of the volumes of depositions in Trinity
College.

" Theise ar to sertif that i Knogher ma guire and Log])lin 0
farnegan, that in regard wee have not goode Englis wee could not
expres our minds to the ful. Therefore all that Avee both can
saye is that in regard wee cannot seure that wee did here him
Cohonaght o garvey say that bee did kil the woman, but wee did
hero many others that was pressent and before his fase and lice
himselfe did never deneye it, but wee can bring in too that can
iustifie that they hard himselef confes seueral times that lie did
murder an Engliswoman and did produse his skene and did show
the nix that her hed did make in it, the names of these tow wit-
nessies ar Hugh 0 Farrele of Magestown in the barrinny of
Nannin and Turlogh Mac Carran of Tooltoilno near Keles."
The proffered testimony was rejected by the Commissioners, who
had more than enough of trustworthy witnesses to hear.

The following extract from the MS. autobiography of a clergy-
man who was with the besieged in the Castle of Tralee in 1042,
has I believe been already published by one of his descendants, an
English admiral, author of Travels in Greece and Asia Minor.
Some account of the Rev. Devereux Spratt will be found in tlio
Clerical Eecords of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, edited by tlie Rev.
Dr. Maziere Brady.

" May 1st, 1020. I was born in a parish called Stratton on Vosse,
in the county of Somerset, where I was religiously educated by my
parents, Mr. Thomas Spratt and Elizabeth his wife, my father
being a reverend, godly divine, whom God made instrumental in
the conversion of many souls. When I was fourteen years old my

APPENDIX. 385

father dioil, afterwards I was sent to Maudlin Hall iu the University
of Oxford, wlicro 1 took my dogroo, after wliicli I removed to Ireland,
my mother Elizabeth being called there by her father Mr. Robert
Cooke, a reverend divine, pastor of the parish called the Island of
Kerry in the county of Kerry, where I remained not long, but was
called to the head town of the county named Tralee, where I was
tutor to 8ir Edward Domy's three sons. After, by persuasion of
friends, I entered into the functions of the ministry. In October,
1641, the horrid rebellion of Ireland broke forth, and in it God's
severe judgments on the English Protestants, there being no less
tlian 100,000 murdered, as by public records appeareth. In
February, 1041, it reached us (in Tralee), the whole county behig
up in rebellion, and the two companies besieging us in two castles,
Avhen I saw the miserable destruction of 120 men, women, and
children, by sword and famine and many diseases, among whom fell
my mother Elizabeth and my youngest brother Joseph, both of
whom lie interred there. This was a sad aflliction, yet I was com-
forted by the good end my brother made, being but eight years old,
yet he begged me to pray for him and gave good assurance of dying
in the Lord. After {illegible) months' siege both castles were sur-
rendered upon articles into the hands of the Irish rebels. Then the
Lord removed me to Ballybeggan garrison, where I preached the
gospel to the poor stripped Protestants there, and passing thence
to P>allingarry, an island near the Shannon, I fell sick of fever, out
of which the Lord delivered me. Then having an opportunity I
returned to Ballybeggan, Captain Ferriter being my convoy, where
I remained in the discharge of my calling until the English army
came to carry us off. At which time the enemy burnt both the
castle and town of Tralee, and twice set upon us on our march to
Cork, but with the power of God we still beat them. Then at Cork
I petitioned the Lord Inchiquin, who gave me a pass for England,
and coming to Youghal in a boat, I embarked there in one John
Filmer's vessel, which set sail with about six score passengers, but
before we were out of sight of land we were all taken prisoners by
an Algerine pirate, who put the men in chains and stocks. This
thing was so grievous that I began to question Providence and to
accuse Him of injustice in His dealings with me, until He made it
appear otherwise by extending mercy to me. Upon my arrival in
Algiers, I found some fellow-Christians who changed my former
thouo-hts of God that He dealt more hardly with me than with
others of His servants. God was pleased to guide me and those
relations of mine taken with me hi a providential ordering of civil
patrons for us, who gave us more liberty than ordinary, especially
VOL. II. ^ ^

aSC) THE IRISH MASSACRES OF Kill.

to me, so that I preached the gospel to my poor countrymen
amongst whom it pleased God to make me an instrument of much
good. I had not stayed long there when I was like to he freed by
one Captain Wilde, a pious Christian, but on a sudden I was sold
and delivered over to a Mussulman dAvelling with his family in the
town, upon which sudden disappointment I was very sad. ]\Iy
patron asked me the reason, and withal uttered those comfortable
words ' God is great,' which took such an impression as strength-
ened my faith in God, considering with myself ' Shall this Ma-
hometan teach me who am a Christian my duty of faith and de-
pendence upon God?' After this a bond of l.OOOZ., preserved in
my pocket at sea when all else was lost, was now like to be lost, the
chest wherein it lay being broken up by thieves. After this God
stirred up the heart of Captain "Wilde to be an active instrument for
mo at Leagurno {sic) in Italy, amongst the merchants there to contri-
bute liberally towards my ransom, which amounted to 200 cols, which
after the Captain returned to Algiers he paid. Upon this a peti-
tion was presented by the English captives for my staying amongst
them, that he showed me and asked mo what I would do in such a
case. I told him ho was an instrument under God of my liberty
and I would be at his disposal ; he answered, ' no,' I was a free
man and should be at my own disposing. Then I replied ' I will
stay,' considering that I might be more serviceable to my country
by my continuing in enduring affliction with the people of God than
to enjoy liberty at home. Two years afterwards a proclamation was
issued that all free men must be gone. I then got my free card,
which cost fifty cols, and departed with several of my counti-ymen to
Provence, where I fomid the English merchants very civil to me.
At {illegible) I embarked in a vessel bound to London, Ave touched
at Malaga, where I went ashore to refresh myself. From thence
we put to sea again, and coming on the coast of Cornwall, the
Vice-Admiral Batten invited me on board his ship, and kept me a
time as chaplain to his squadron, and going to the Downs I parted
from him and went to London, thence to a kinsman, one Mr.
Thomas Spratt, Minister of Greenwich. After a time the Lord
opened a door of settlement for me in a place in the county of Cork
called Mitchclstown."

He was appointed rector of Mitchclstown parish, in which I be-
lieve he died late in the reign of Charles II. Sir lulward Denny,
in whose family ho was living as tutor when the rebellion began,
was the great gnindson of Sir Anthony Denny (the favourite of

AITENDIX. 387

Henry YIII. and one of his executors) and his wife Joan Cliampor-
iiowii, the aunt of llaleigli, and therefore the cousin of Edward
-Denny, Earl of Norwicli, mentioned at p. 31, vol. i. Sir Edward
married tlie Hon. Euth Kopcr, dau,^dlter of Eoper Lord Baltinglass
by his wife Anna Harrington, of the Exton family, and had with
other issue Sir Arthur his heir, Edward and John, the three sons
to whom the Kev. Devcreux Spratt Avas tutor in 1641. From the
eldest of the three descends the present Sir Edward Denny, Bart.
An ijiteresting relic, an old English black-letter J'.ible, which was in
'riitloo cliurcli during the two rebellions of 1011 and 1088, when
tlie town was burnt, escaped the flames, and is still preserved hi tlie
Denny family. It retains the old covers, Avith metal loops at the
edges for fastening it with chains to the lectern or reading-desk in
tlie church. It is probably tlio oldest English Protestant Bible in
Ireland.

ADDENDA.

The Examination op George Creichton, op Virginia, in the

COUNTY OP CaVAN, CLERK.

{Ilarhian MSS. 5,999.)

This examt., duly sworn, deposetli {inter alia) that Tnrloj^li
]\[acShane MacPhillip O'Reilly, captain of rebels in the comity of
Cavan, this 23rd of October, lG-11, told this deponent that there was
a general insiu-rection through the whole kingdom, that the castlo
of Dublin and all the castles and cities in the kingdona were taken ;
that all the Catholics in Ireland should else have been compelled to
go to Church or they should have been all hanged before their own
doors on Tuesday then next, and asked this deponent if he were not
privy to such a plot among the English.

This deponent further saitli, that upon the Tuesday night after
the beginning of the rebellion, being the 2Gth of October, 1041,
Colonel Eichard Plunkett and Captain Nugent, both rebels, camo
to Virginia, and the said Colonel would needs make this deponent
believe that all the cities and castles in Ireland were taken by the
Catholics, the city and castle of Dublin only excepted, and that
there was assux-edly great wars raised in England.

The said Colonel Plunkett also said he had a contract under the
hands of all the Earls and Lords in Ireland that were Catholics, to
stand firm in this insurrection. ' What ! ' said this deponent, ' you
have a covenant among you as the Scots have.' ' Yea,' said he, * the
Scots have taught us our A B C ;' in the meantime he so trembled
that he could scarce carry a cup of drink to his head. This deponent
further saith, that upon Wednesday, October 17th, 1G41, there came
to Virginia four hundred and forty stripped English Protestants,
many of them sore wounded, and this deponent desiring the said
Colonel Plunkett to come to the door and to look on the first fruits
of this war, the said Colonel at the sight wept and said Rory ]\raguire

ADDENDA. 389

had uudoiie ihcm all : their plot was not to kill or to rob any man,
but to seize on the persons and estates of all the British, and when
they had all in their hands then to present their petition to the
House of Commons in England, and if their petitions were granted
then to restore every man as he was ; if it Avere not granted, then
to do as seemed good unto them. After this came a great number
of stripped Protestants from about Ballyhayes in the county of
Cavan, and afterwards about 1,400 from Belturbet in the same
county, and after many more from about Cavan , and the parish of
Dun [illegible). All whom this deponent, by (rcd's especial provi-
dence and through the favour of his parishioners and the O'lleillys
(being left among them as yet not robbed being a Scottish man), to
his power having store of provisions relieved : who in all likelihood,
had not the Almighty so prevented the rebels that they spared him
(this deponent), had perished all or the most part of them by famine,
starving with cold, or the rebels' malice ere they could have reached
Dublin.

And further saith, that the English who came from northward
told him, this deponent, and the company that was with him at
Virginia aforesaid that the Irish that pillaged them told them that
they should be of good comfort because they were sent away with
their lives, but that they had a sorer matter to put in execution
against the Scots. And further saith, that ho had heard some of
the rebels say that their purpose at first was to spare the Scots and
to make them all prisoners, and then if their countrymen would
relinquish the quarrel of the English and be content that their
friends in Ireland should be despoiled of their goods and lands, then
they would spare the prisoners' lives, otherwise they would put all
the Scots to death. But the blessed providence of God setting
limits to their proceedings and saving the castle of Dublin all their
purposes and resolutions were altered, and what they did but
fcignedly pretend in sparing the Scots before they heard of the
ciiistlo of Dublin being safe, now tlioy did desire that the Scots
should believe to be intended with all reality ; for having before
they were aware so much provoked the English, it was very likely
they would have willingly made the Scots their friends, being won-
derfully dismayed when they heard they had failed in their main
design of taking the castle of Dublin ; for some of them came to
this deponent desiring advice what they should do with some
Englishmen's goods that they had gotten into their hands. And
the Irish would tell this deponent that the Scots were their kindred
and had not oppressed them in their government, and if the Scotf^
would be honest men and ttake heir parts they would share the

390 THE lUISII MASSACKES OF IGH.

kingdoms among them ; tliey (the Irish) bulieved that the Scots
would not forget the great trouble (as they said) the English ])vo-
cured lately in Scotland ; now (they said) it was their case with the
English, and they resolved never to have any Englishman to be
Chief Governor of Ireland but either an Irishman, a Scotsman, or an
ould Brittayne (sic).

This deponent further saith, that upon Thursday, October the
28th, 1641, Captain Owen MacShane MacPhillip O'Reilly and one
Maolmore O'Reilly coming from Dublin to Virginia, being saluted
by this deponent, he observed that their liands trembled exceedingly ;
those two among others were appointed to assist in taking the
castle of Dublin and Avere once, as they said, taken themselves, but
made an escape. All of them looked with heavy countenances, and
Captain Nugent before named said to this deponent that he believed
if they who began this business had it yet to begin they would
never go in hand with it. And this deponent further saith, that
when the O'lleillys of the county Cavan assembled in great com-
panies to go to the beleaguering, or as they called it the taking of
Drogheda, and I'liilip IMacIIugh MacShane, Colonel and chief of the
rebels of that county, seemed slow in bringing in his men so that
some stayed (waited) for him a while at Virginia, their general
rendezvous, so that the rebels tliere seemed suspicious that he would
forsake them, the mother of the said Philip being their prisoner
gave her counsel that if he failed them they should send their
soldiers and pillage his tenants.

This deponent further saith, that Mr. Daniel Crcan, an Irishman
and some time a priest of the Romish Church, then minister of the
next adjoining parish, did at Virginia, before one Thomas MacKernan,
guardian of Dundalk, with great confidence ailirm that the friars
had preached in his parish that the Irish shoiild not leave with any
English Protestant twopence worth of goods, of Avhich the said Mr.
Crean did likewise complain before divers of the Irish, and (said)
that the priests and friars had formerly undone O'Neil and O'Dormcll
and had now raised up a mischief that would go near to undo tho
whole kingdom, which words of his (Mr. Crean's) had almost cost
him his life, one seeking to save him, another to betray him.

And this deponent observed that it pleased Cod so to divide the
Irish amongst themselves thereby the lives of many have been
saved, as was not only this Mr. Crean but also this deponent and
many in his company several times at Virginia, where one great
rebel or tho meaner rout would seek to destroy them and another
would for that time save them. Albeit tho niiiin thing that delivered
him and his company from the malice of the priests and friars his

ADDENDA. 391

greatest enemies, who once persuaded and sent men to destroy
them, from whom they were hardly by others dehvercd was a mes-
sage sent from Sir Paul Davis, elerk of the county, and Captain
William Cadogan, who enjoined one Friar Nugent, who had license
to pass for exchange of prisoners, to tell the priests and friars of
that county, that if this deponent miscarried, his death should be
revenged on all the priests and friars that should be found about
Dublin. By which means he had from the rebels greater respect
and his enemies were his guards against their will. This deponent
further saith, that after the overthrow of the six hundred English
at Clillianstown going to Drogheda, it is incredible how the Irish
were lifted up, how all that were something friendly before to this
deponent and his company had now changed their countenances,
and that this deponent was informed by the rebels that at the over-
throw Colonel Byrne was a principal actor, the first man tliat dis-
charged his pistol exhorted to spare none, but kill all, now was the
hno of their deliverance. And further saith, that he heard credibly
that friars were dispersed among the rebel soldiers, who with tears
exhorted and set them on to kill the English, whom God had so
wonderfully given into their hands, and the rebel soldiers assured
him and others at Yirgmia that they had killed divers wliom they
would have spared but that their captains would have otherwise
killed them.

This deponent further saith, that some of the Irish rebels told
him that they admired [i.e. wondered) at the behaviour of tlio
English, being so many and well armed, why they did not at once
at least discharge their muskets, and that if they had made but ten
shots the Irish would have tied, they concluded that God had taken
away the heart of the English, and now they would destroy them
all out of the kingdom (their words behig ' noiv xcc will devour the
seed of the English out of the land '), and they said when they had
rid them out of Ireland, they would go over into England and not
leave the memorial of the l<^nglish name under heaven, and some
said they would have England as long in possession as the English
had possessed Ireland.

The O'Keillys did much extol themselves for being the destroyers
of those GOO English, for that by their valour, as they said, all the
pale before that morning and all Ireland was brought together to
be joined in that war. This deponent further deposeth, that he and
others in his company heard from divers persons bitter words cast
out about Dublin, viz. that they would burn and ruin it, destroy all
records and manuscripts of the English Government, they spake of
laws to be made that the EngHsh tongue should not be spoken, but

392 THE irasii massacres of ig4i.

this deponent vcmcmbcreth not whether that law sliouki take phice
through Ireland or Ulster only, and that all the names given to
lands or places by the English should be abolished and the ancient
names restored. And that the Earl of Fingal demanded of this
deponent what was the ancient name of Virginia, who replied, as this
deponent could remember, Aghanure, whereupon the said Earl said
that must be the name thereof again.

This deponent further saith, that he had conference with divers
of the pale gentlemen, concerning the bitterness of the Irish against
the English, and they acknowledged that it was common for them
to hear the same and a great deal more than this deponent had
observed, saying withal that they were surely all bewitched to join
with such bitter cursed people, from whom they were sure to find as
bitter persecution as from the English, and that Sir Phelim lloe
O'Neil had told them that they (meaning the old Irish) hoped they
had noAv requited them (meaning those of the pale) for helping the
English in former times against the Irish ; * you,' said they (the
Irish), ' broke our heads heretofore, now we hope we have broken
yours, you brought plantations into our land, now we hope to have
the i^lantations in the counties of Mcath and Dublin.' This de-
ponent further saith, that it was declared to this deponent and others
of his company by divers of the Irish, that upon the overthrow of
the aforesaid six hundred (English) the O'Eeillys had concluded to
kill all the Protestants that were in the county of Cavan, however
it pleased God to divert that their cruel resolution, though while
they spared this deponent and his company they were as dead men
every hour, seeing their lives not so much regarded as the life of a
dog.

This deponent further saith, that about the 19th of February,
1G41, about ten or twelve of tlie rebels assaulted the house wherein
this deponent and his company was, and had not a neighbour and
parishioner to this deponent by persuasions diverted them would
have put them all to the sword, alleging to that neighbour of his
that they had directions from the priests and friars to kill thorn.
This deponent farther saith, that the rebels after they failed in their
hopes of taking Droghoda, as they came homo were more mild in
their behaviour tlian before and began to pray for peace and at last
to curse them that began the war.

This deponent fiu-ther saith, that the Popish prete}Klcd Bishop of
Kilmore, retiu-ning from a great meeting of the Popish clergy held
at Kells about the 2Brd of ]\Iarch, then next told this deponent that
the council of their (the Irish) commonwoallh had made a law that
all that went not to mass should be sent out of the country, and

ADDENDA. 393

afterwards put it to this deponent's clioice wlicther ho would go to
mass or be sent to the gaol of Cavan, at which words one Phelini
MacShenien sitting near this deponent whispered him in the ear,
' 2Ir. Crichton, they speak of carri/ing you to gaol, but you are to he
killed before you come there.'

The same bishop going out of town a dog ran fiercely at his
horse, and the bishop having drunk very much, was almost cast to
the ground. Whereat, ' do you see,' said he (the bishop), ' the very
dogs here are not yet converted.'

This deponent further saith, after the O'Eeiilys were returned
from Drogheda the Earl of Fingal w'ent for them to come into this
country of Meath ; that one of the O'Reillys read the letter to this
deponent, and that this deponent perceived that the O'Reillys were
suspicious the pale had some purpose to bring the people of Ulster
into a snare and revenge their cruel oppression and pillaging where-
with they had wasted the county of Meath. And further saith,
that the Earl of Fingal was his bitter enemy, and that the Countess
of Fingal told him (the Earl) that this deponent had made a
catalogue of all the English driven out of the country and had sent
it to the justices.

This deponent further saith, that being m distress in his own
parish and having requested the Popish priest of the parish to put
his neighbours in mind to supply him with some victuals, some of
them told this deponent that the parish priest said to the people
that the Protestants there (all in distress) were no better than dogs,
that they Avere altogether unworthy that they should give them
anything, but they might give it if they would, but strictly forbade
them to visit or converse with this deponent.

This deponent further saith, that he never saw such base cove-
tousness as did show itself in these Irish rebels, such bitter in-
veighings and en:iulations, such oppositions and divisions behind
the backs of one another ; sometimes the chief of the Irish would
make heavy moan for tlie great evils they perceived were coming
on their country and kindred, and said they saw utter destruction
at hand, for they had cai'ried so great bitterness for so long tune
in their hearts and had now so suddenly broken out against them
that had brought them up, kept them in their houses like their own
children and made no difference between them and their English
friends and kindred, by all which the English had so well deserved
of them and they had requited them so evil, that the English would
never trust them hereafter, so that now it remained that either they
must destroy the English or the English must destroy them.

This deponent further saith, that one time Colonel Plunkett the

304 THE IinSII iNIASSACrtES OF KMl.

Earl of Fingal's brother, and one Mr. Strake of Ballhurne {sic) told
this deponent that it was their priests and friars that had undone
them, they had no want of wealth and good land and liberty of con-
science they said, and yet tliey must not they know not what for
their clergy to make them great. They cursed themselves if ever
they would believe either priest or friar, whom they had foinid to
be such cheating knaves, and such as to save a priest or friar would
not care if their best gentlemen were hanged.

This deponent further saith, that the Lord of Gormanstown was
pleased one day to fall into discourse with this deponent and made
great complaint of the misfortune of these times, that ho had
adhered to the English in the begimiing and received arms out of
the king's store, that when he saw there was danger to lose them
he had sent them to Drogheda, but in the end he spake many
bitter words against the Lords Justices and of all the Privy Coun-
sellors by name that did then, as he said, freqixent the council board.
And this was most manifest in almost all the gentlemen of the pale,
and greater eagerness did sliOAV itself in the gentlewomen than in
the men, that they were irreconcilable enemies to the English
nation, for such were their words that they were sorry that they
suffered any English to pass safe to Dublin ; and in their discourses
among themselves, speaking of what number of English were killed
in the several counties of the kingdom, the men of Fingal and the
pale did maintain they had killed far more than other counties ; and
at other times those people of the pale driven from their own homes
by our forces and being at Virginia and thereabouts among the
Irish, charged the northern L'ish to be the men that had undone
the whole kingdom, saying it was that covetousness that hath
Avronged us all, for 'if (said they) you had deatroijed the English
in their several divellings and maintained them on their oion goods
then had toe had i^lcdges in our hands that might have stood us in
good stead.' 'You,' said the O'Keillys, 'might have then hilled
them, for ive sent tliem to yo2c.' And those two enemies were thus
every day in one jar or another, and as this deponent believeth, hate
one another, as nuxch as any two nations in the world.

After they had had these controversies amongst themselves they
would many times apart make their complaints to this deponent ;
the people of the pale saying, how unfortunate they were to be
joined to such people (as the Irish), who had ever been their enemies,
or to have need of such, in whom there was neither honesty nor
worth; 'a people' (they said) 'jjro^c/ without anything tliat vas
lionourable, covetous without indw.try, and bragging wiUiout valour,'
calling them 'a conipaiiy of thieves,' which this deponent knoweth

ADDENDA. 395

they had reason to call them, for that the northern Irish stole their
English muttons as heing such as were taken from the English,
and every day some of their horses would be missing and the
O'ilcillys got many a crowii to find them for their owners and
within a while they were stolen again.

The O'Reillys would have druik from the pale people had they
money to pay for it or not. And the northern Irish would call
the pale men cowards, saying they had no heart, nor durst fight
Avith the English ; they would {illegible) where there was a good
sword or piece, and by night, sometimes by day, would enter the
houses of the men of the pale and take what they would ; they
raised continual taxes and levies and cessed soldiers upon the pale
so that if the Turks had been their lords they could not, as this
deponent conceiveth, have done worse.

This deponent further saith, that the priest of the parish of

Lurgan did so hate the pale people that he would not that any of

their priests or friars should say mass in his parish, and the people

of the pale did so hate him that they Avould not come to hear him.

Neither party believed each other, the Irish would usually abuse

those of the pale with news of foreign aids landed at Wexford and

Kmsale, and while they were thus telling lies one to another and

seemed to give themselves comfort in telling them, some would

sometimes conic in from Dublin and tell them some news that

would change all their cheer and then how earnestly would they

pray for peace and many a bitter curse would they give to them

that bega)i the war. They would affirm that the parliament of

England was the cause of all their harms, and being by this deponent

demanded what laws they had made to their prejudice he was

answered that they (the English) were about to make (thenr).

This deponent further saith, that in the parish of Kells, in the county

of Meath, the year before this rebellion a hundi'cd and forty women

bare so many children unlawfully begotten, three score whereof

lived in the town of Kells, this was often acknowledged to this

deponent to be true by the Papists themselves. This deponent

further saith, that he observed that the Irish after the overthrow of

our men at Gellingstown grew more proud and cruel, and that one

Turlogh O'Reilly that had a sore hand, going to the siege of Drogheda,

being after his return demanded by one of this deponent's family

how his hand did, replied ' vcri/ well now dnce I have been killing

En(jli>ih people ! ' and divers the like expressions of their affection

to the EngUsh they heard from the rebels. This deponent further

saith, that the Olieillys who had been at the slaughter of the

English at Gellhigstown aforesaid acknowledged that the English

396 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF IGil,

did yield themselves and called to their old acquaintances and
friends amongst the rebels for mercy, but they spared not any. And
further this deponent saith, that during his abode among the rebels,
about the time that so many stripped English passed through
Virginia divers women constantly witnessed and affirmed to this
deponent that in their company and fights a young woman tlien
present with them being almost naked was near this deponent's
house set upon by a rebel, who demanding money of her and she
answering that she had none, the rebel told her that if she would
not deliver her money he would kill her with his sword, and there-
with drew it, to whom the young woman replied ' you cannot kill
me unless God gives you leave and His will be done,' and instantly
the rebel struck three times at her naked body with his drawn
sword and yet never cut her skin, albeit those that know the Irish
know that they carry no swords unless they be very sharp and there-
withal the rebels seemed confounded and left her.
Jnrat. 15th die April, 1G43,
Coram, John Sterne.
Wm. Aldkicii.

Council Books op Commonwealth.

{Dublin P.B.O.)

To the Bt. lion, tJie Lord Deputy and Council in Ireland.

My Lords, — Edward Plunkett, one of the sons of Luke Earl of
Fingal in Ireland, having by petition to his Highness set forth there
being a small estate in lands called Drumbarah and Caslaughton
in the county of Meath of about the yearly value of lOOL settled on
him by his said father in his lifetime, he was shortly after his father's
death, Avhich he allegeth to be in the year 1G35, the petitioner being
then in his minority, sent by his friends to travel in foreign parts
for his education, where he continued about nine or inn years, anil
on his return towards England was taken by the Turks and was
carried to Bailee, where he remained in captivity five years, and
about January last arrived in England, having not been in Ireland
since his travels and captivity. And therefore expresses his hopes
that his estate so settled on him shall not be adjudged liable to
forfeiture or sale, his Highness and the Council in consideration
thereof have thought fit to refer it to your Lordships to examine
the petitioner's title to the said estate, and if you shall find the

ADDENDA. 397

same to bo as is before set forth tlien you are desired and hereby
authorised to cause possession thereof to be fortlnvith delivered to
him.

Signed, itc,
WJiitehall, Hen. Lawrence,

21 October, 1G5G. Prcs.

Ckomwell to Same.

Gentlemen, — Having received the two enclosed petitions and
paper of John Prendergast and the Widow Brooke, whose cases
have been so represented to me which if true may deserve some
tender regard. Wherefore I thought fit to recommend to your
consideration that they may be permitted to reside on and enjoy
their present estates and habitations unless there be some instant
cause to the contrary. However, I would have their transplantation
to be suspended until I receive from you an accompt of their par-
ticular cases and conditions and that you receive further order
therein.

Your loving friend,

Whitehall, Oliver P.

22nd March, 1653. '

For the Lord Henry Cromwell.

Upon the addresses of James Coppinger, Esq., finding that hig
case if truly stated by the enclosed to be different from many others,
and in respect his father was faithful to the parliament in assisting
against the rebellion and lending at the first 500Z. towards the
maintenance of the army, and supplying it with victuals and other
necessai'ies, upon which account the rebels burned his house and
his castles, and that he himself never acted against the parliament,
and liath lately married a gentlewoman who is a Protestant, and
of good repute, we desire that all favour may be shown him, both
as to his estate and also in exempting him from transplantation
and rest.

Your loving father,

Whitehall, Oliver P.

lUh August, 1055.

308 THE niTSII MASSACKES OF ir.ii.

Order.

It is desired tliat Dudley Colley of Carberry, in the county of
Kildare, who is called Captain Colley, and Avas lately governor of
Carberry Castler, on the enemy's behalf may be forthwith sent for
as criminal for the murder of one John Brown.

2nd Jan. 1652,

Rob. Meredith.
Ralph Hunt.
r. W. Piers.

For the liei/istrar of the IJicjh Court of Justice.

The Examination of Nicholas Simpson, of the tmvn of GInsIogli,
in the coxinty of MoungJuin, Esquire, Knt. of the Shire in.
Parliament for the same county.

This examt., duly sworn, depostth [inter alia) that on Saturday,
the 23rd of October, lG-11, divers of the Sept of the IMac Wades {sic),
fosterers to Tirlogh Oge O'Neil, came to the town of Glaslogh afore-
said, being market day, pretendhig that the said Tirlogh had lost
thirty English sheep, whose track they brought to the end of the
town, for the following of which track they borrowed all the weapons
they could get in the town. Then came the whole Sept of the
]\IacWades {sic) into the town and brake into every man's house on
the sudden, and possessed themselves of their weapons and wished
every man to yield and that no hurt should be to any man ; for it
was not their doing, but they had good warrant for what they did,
and it was only to secure themselves against an order made at tlic
Council Table of Ireland to hang all them that should refuse to go
to church on the All Saints' Day after ; which order divers friars
adirmcd in this deponent's hearing that they had seen, and that
they had asked Sir Edward Trevor, a privy councillor, and then in
their hands at the Newry, whether there was not such an order
made at the Council Board, and that he had confessed there was
such an order and that his hand was to it. And the said friars
further confidently afiirmed that the warrants were out in every
county under the hands of the justices of the peace, whose hands
they said were to every warrant ; and although all the justices of
the peace present protested to the contrary, yet the multiindc!

ADDENDA. 399

believed their lioly friars, and this was the greatest cause, as they
pretended, of their cruel murders committed on the British.

And this deponent further saith, that when those MacWades
{sic) came in such multitudes upon the British in the town, which
Avere but few, for the greater part there were Irish and ran to them,
they the British Avere not able to resist them, for besides the sud-
denness they had no powder amongst them ; the late proclamation
against any having powder being so strict that none could be gotten
but by license from the Newry, but yet they refused to yield to
those rebels until some gentlemen of (piality in the county came
to them. And further saith, that presently after night falling,
Tirlogh Oge came and went directly into the castle and took pos-
session thereof, and sent for all the British in the town unto him,
and wished them to fear nothing, for there was no hurt intended
against them, it was but to secure the Catholics, and he kept this
deponent and divers others with him that night, when he affirmed
to this deponent that all the noblemen of Ireland had their heads
and hands in this insurrection, and many of tlio noblemen of
England, but that he, the said Tirlogh, knew not of it above a fort-
night before. And this deponent asked him (Tirlogh), knowiiig' he
married the Earl of Antrim's bastard sister, whether the Bf^i had
any knoAvledge of it, he told this deponent he could not t6ll, but'
he was sure his Duchess had divers letters from many of the noble-
men of England about it. He told this deponent further when he
first heard of it, which was from his brother Sir Bhelimy, that he
utterly dishked it, and persuaded Sir Phelimy from it and thought
he had prevailed with him, until he heard he, Sir Phelimy, had
taken Charlemont, and he assured this deponent that Monaghan,
Newry, and Dublin and all the forts and castles of Ireland were
taken before that time, for that was the day of taking them ; and
that my Lord INlaguire and Hugh MacMahon were gone out of the
north to take Dublin, and every messenger that came to him he
said had brought him letters that Dublin and the castle were taken.

But at last came Ever ]\IacMahon, the Vicar-General of Clogher,
or titulary Bishop of Down, (who this deponent thinketh was one
of the principal plotters of this treason) and he, knowing that my
Lord Maguire and Hugh ]\IacMahon were apprehended, desired to
draw certain remonstrances of their grievances, with the reasons
of this their insurrection, and scizhig on the king's forts, and in
every county thereabouts made choice of some gentlemen to send
them up to the State, thence to be sent into England to his Majesty ;
and told this deponent that the gentlemen of the county of Monaghan
had chosen him {illegible) to be their messenger to present them,

400 TTTE IltTSn iMASSACRES OF 1011.

and left a copy of the said remonstrance and a copy of the protesta-
tions of their loyalty with him, (both which this deponent delivered
to Sir Robert Meredith) and so departed, going as he, the Vicar-
General, said, to get the hands of the gentlemen of the comity to
these instruments and to provide the deponent money and a pass
for his journey ; and presently after his departure was the overthrow
of the GOO near Drogheda, of which he sent notice to Tirlogh Ogc
by his letters, which caused great triumphing amongst them, leaping
and dancing and crying ' Victoria! God Almighty had j^ut -us all
into their hands,' from which time the deponent never saw tlio
Vicar-General, but is sure that he was a continual bloody persecutor
of the British, and chief inciter to all the barbarous murders in the
north.

And the deponent further saitli, that Tirlogh Oge O'Neil having
gotten all the money, plate and goods, and cattle about Glaslogh
into his possession, and conveyed them to his own castle and lands,
he left Glaslogh and went to Armagh, and by the way protested
very much against those courses of his brother Sir Phelimy, and
tliat he, being sheriff of that county, would keep the Britisli from
all, oppression and wrong, and that lie would carry the king's money
he hadVeceived to Dublin and pass his accompts. And when this
deponent >vith other of the British came to Armagh, tliey found Sir
Phelimy 'O'Neil, Eory O'More, and divers other principal rebels
there ; to whom the town had then yielded upon promise, under
Sir Phelimy's hand and seal which this deponent saw, which he
(Sir Phelimy) offered to sign with his blood, and to deliver his sou
in pledge that they (the Armagh Protestants) should not be molested,
or troubled either in their lives or estates, but should enjoy all they
had as quietly and peaceably as they did before {illegible), and in a
great bravado offered fifty townlands for fifty barrels of powder,
and fifty muskets, and bragged that he had got one barrel of powder
out of the store in Dublin, in his own name, his brother's, and Sir
William Brownlow's ; and that my Lord Maguire had brouglit
down many muskets and corslets in trunks and chests from Dublin,
and that Philip O'Reilly had made 5,000 pikes out of the woods of
Loughrea. Sir Phelimy stayed in the town two or three days after
it was yielded up, and then departed, leaving one Hugh Buie Mac
Gonnell (sic), a man before that time of base condition, governor,
who presently pillaged all the houses and shops at his pleasure,
took up the best house in town, commanded every man to seiul
him in provisions, and domineered upon the spoil lilce an Emperor ;
Tirlogh Oge living then in town (and seeing the port and state of
this base fellow) uud liis wife being a woman of a hauglity and liigli

ADDENDA. 401

spirit and basely covetous, thinking anything too much that passed
by her, persuaded her husband to take upon him the government
of the town, and at Sir Phehm's next coming he was made governor
of the county of Armagh, and what Hugh Buie had left he took
into his possession ; he made the shopkeepers both in Armagh and
Loghgall to be accountable to his wife for all the wares they sold
out of their shops. In this his government he forgot his promise
to the British to protect them, and by the setting on of his wife
and mother, a most cruel woman to the English, he turned a bloody
persecutor of thom, and was the cause, as this deponent and other
British conceived, of the death of about 2,000 persons by drowning,
hanging, pistolling, stabbing, and starving.

These that the deponent knew to be murdered thereabouts and
saw most of them carried to their ends were as followeth, viz. at
Corbridge sixty-eight drowned ; at Portadown one hundred and fifty
droAvncd in one week or thereabouts led out by one Manus O'Cahane ;
at Armagh a hundred and twenty-six drowned ; at Loughgall
eighteen at one time drowned ; besides this deponent observed that
out of that parish and Kilmore, where they reported there were
three or four thousand communicants, there came not above two
or three alive from them ; at Glaslogli thirteen drowned ; at Kinard
that night, and the night before my Lord Caulfield was shot by
them, fifty at least killed in the town besides many in the county.
Mr. James Maxwell, Mr. Henry Cowell, Hugh Echlin ajid his son
and his servants hanged, and James Maxwell's wife, being in strong
labour, drawn down to the river by the hair ^f her head and she
and her infant drowned ; at least three hundred killed and burned
when Armagh was burned. This deponent speaketh not of Clones
and thereabouts, where the first day they killed all they lighted on,
besides afterwards many hanged and drowned ; nor of Mojiaghan,
Carrick, Castleblaney, and Drumbo, where multitudes were hanged
and drowned ; nor of small numbers, as Carsnett Clinton, (who)
being blind and led by his grandchild they cast them both into the
river and drowned them ; nor of Ambrose Blanoy, Ensign Pierce,
and many others. They hanged Ensign Pugh twice or thrice till
he was half dead and then let him down and afterwards killed him
and his wife, and, as this deponent heard, set a Scottishwoman upon
a hot gridiron and bored another through the hands to make them
confess their money.

To strip men and women stark naked as they Avere born, was
their ordinary sport. Nor did the malice of those friars and priests
end with the death of the poor British, but when they had murdered
them or that they died they denied them burial in the churchyard,

VOL. II. D D

402 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

but made them be buried in gardens, and flung them they killed
into ditches, or left them to the dogs to devour their carcases, and
excommunicated all them that relieved them alive, or buried them
being dead. And the friars preached in their sermons that it was
as lawful to kill an Englishman as a dog.

And this deponent further saith, that while he and other of the
British were in Armagh, Sir Phelimy was created O'Neil and Earl
of Tyrone at Tullaghoge, and proclamations were often made in the
market-place in the name of O'Neil. He took petitions directed to
him as Earl of Tyrone, and so he subscribed them and his letters.
And he, this deponent, and others heard Tirlogh Oge's son, a
youth of twelve or thirteen years of age, say that his uncle Sir
Phelimy should be king of Ireland, and Sir Phelimy himself said
that he would have that statute repealed that men born in this
kingdom should not be governors thereof, and they would give his
]\Iajesty the double revenue he now received out of Ireland by way
of tribute. And at a meeting at Carrick there were various statutes
made for the government of the county in Sir Phelimy's name,
wherein he gave every gentleman power to try treasons and felonies,
and all other actions and to keep courts on his own lands. This
authority this deponent saw and read in his (Sir Phelim's) own
name, and under his own hand and seal, wherein he wrote We, after
the manner of kings, and according to Our royal intentions, etc.
In this, his commission, the gentlemen had power to cess all the
lands in the county towards the maintenance of the Catholic army,
except Church lands, which were exempted at a former meeting at
Cavan. It seems the rebellion was not so sudden as they pretended,
for in the former assizes before in the county of Monaghan, there
was one Shane O'Neil of Tyrone indicted before Sir Samuel
{illegible) for stealing of cows, whereof he was apparently guilty,
yet by the cunning of one William Kelly of Carrick, now a great
rebel, he was acquitted. And Neale McKenna told this deponent,
that if Shane O'Neil had been hanged, there were five hundred
horsemen well weaponed that would have hanged both the judge
and the sherilf, before they came to Armagh.

And this deponent further saith, that when he was relieved and
came to the army who quartered near Armagh, he and his company
went into the town, but there was not a roof on church or house to
cover them, all was burnt ; and looking into some houses they
found divers dead bodies burnt in the chimneys and the stones
in the streets were all bloody, and like the floor of a butcher's
slaughter-house, since the day of the murdering of the inhabitants,
which was three weeks before.

ADDENDA. * 403

And further saith, that the men and women rebels did not only
commit those cruel murders, but by their example, and no doubt by
their encouragement, the fry of young children of 12 or 13 years of
age, with skeans, would stab and kill poor women and children they
met in the fields ; nay, the very spawn of six or seven years of age
that could not use a skean had daggers, made of laths, with which
they would follow the English in the streets, pushing at them with
those laths and crying ' Boddagh Sassanagli I ' {i.e. English churls)
and none durst speak a word or reprove them for fear of murdering.

And further saith, that Sir Phelimy O'Neil scoffing, as it now
appears, at our laws whose execution upon his prodigal riotousness
had brought his great estate to nothing, which was more likely the
cause of his entering into rebellion than religion, would oftentimes
ask him, this deponent, where were now our laws, statutes, staples,
or executions, and our dedimus potestationes ? {sic), he cared not
now (he said) a farthing for them all, nor for our pursuivants and
serjeants-at-arms.

And they (the Irish) had a proverb among them in every man's
mouth, that ' the horse had been a long time atop of the rider, hut that
now, God he thanked, the rider had gotten atop of the horse again.''

And further saith, that the rebels of that county hanged Mr.
Richard Blaney in the orchard of the castle of Monaghan, and
refused him to have a minister come to him, but scornfully offered
him a priest, and being dead they cast him into a bag scarce covering
his corpse, and the Lady Blaney procuring him to be coffined, could
not obtain so much favoiu' of the friars and priests as to bury him
in the churchyard, but was suffered to have him buried in the said
orchard, and they that coffined him were threatened to be hanged.
And when this deponent next met with Sir Phelimy O'Neil he
asked him, this deponent, ' lohat was hecome of the fallen knight of
the shire of the county Monaghan ? ' to which this deponent making
no answer, Sir Phelimy told him, he had sent a warrant to hang
him and said it Avas done by very good advice.

And Tirlogh Oge told this deponent that his name was in that
warrant also to be hanged, but that he, the said Tirlogh, procured
him to be struck out. The rebels also at that time hanged another
gentleman, one Luke Ward, at Monaghan, and flung his body into
a ditch, and would not suffer his wife to take him out and bury him.

And further saith, that Tirlogh Oge oftentimes persuaded this
deponent to stay with him at mass in his own house ; this deponent
answered him that he, the said Tirlogh, pretended that religion was
the cause of this general insurrection, because they (the Catholics)
would not be enforced to church, and desired him not to enforce.

404 THE IRISH MASSACRES OF 1G41.

him (this deponent) to mass, for he was resolved to die in the
rehgion he had heen bred. The said Tirlogh said he would not
enforce him (to go to mass) but because he loved him (this deponent)
and for his soul's sake persuaded him ; but when he (Tirlogh) saw
he could not prevail with him, he wished him before Sir William
Brownlow, then a captive with him, to shift for himself, saying that
he (the said Tirlogh) could no longer protect him. And this
deponent demanding the reason of this sudden alteration the said
Tirlogh Oge answered him, that he was persuaded it was a mortal
and unpardonable sin to protect heretics. And this deponent heard
by one that was near him that it was his mother's and the friars'
persuasion. And afterwards this deponent was always in fear of
murdering.

And this deponent further saith, that they, meaning the British,
had every Sunday sermons in Armagh, and every month at the
farthest communions, and that the rebels led out the curate, one
Mr. Griflfln, to be drowned, and that he, this deponent, and Sir
William Brownlow entreated for him, and Sir Phelimy told them
that the said Mr. Griftui was their chaplain, and at that time they
prevailed for him, but when Armagh was burned he and his family
were murdered, with two or three other ministers.

And further saith, that his, this deponent's, son being a minister,
and then lately come out of an extreme fit of the gout, was carried
to the gaol and sent with many others to be drowned ; and not
being able to go, one Manus O'Cahane, that Arch Devil and execu-
tioner of all the British thereabouts, beat him with a cudgel, till he
was like to murder him ; but by the means of Mr. Henry O'Neil
the deponent got him recalled, but he was stript of his clothes and
all the rest were drowned.

And further saith, that the said Mr. Henry O'Neil entertained
a gentleman, one Brownlow Taylor,' to follow him, and going with
him towards Charlemont on May Eve, 1G42, being unwilling that
Sir Phelimy should see him in his company, turned him back to
Armagh, who going to a farm his father had, was apprehended by
some of Tirlogh Oge's company, and carried to him to Loghgall,
who sent him to Charlemont to Sir Phelimy and Mr. Henry O'Neil,
returning that night without him, his mother made a great moan
for her son. At last they heard that he was with Tirlogh Oge and
sent unto him for him. The said Tirlogh told the messenger that
he was sent to Charlemont, but that he would send for him, and so
it seems he did, for the next morning being Sunday by four of the
clock he was hanged at Charlemont.

' c. ante, p. 158.

AUJ)ENDA. 405

And this deponent further saith, tliat the rebels pistolled many
men as they walked in the streets of Armagh, for every roguo would
kill nny man upon any grudge between them, and one of them
pistolled a smith in the town in the sight of his wife and son, and
divers other English, whereof when he, this deponent, complained
unto Tirlogli Oge, and told him it was contrary to his promise of
protecting the ]lritish, and contrary to his own proclamation which
he had publicly made in the town, he called a council, but neither
wife, nor son, nor any other that saw the murder committed and
know the nuirdcrcr, durst come in and give any evidence against
him. If they had they had been sure to be murdered themselves,
and so not only he, but many other murderers in that town escaped
unpunished.

Jurat. Qtli April, 10d3,
N. Simpson. Coram, John Sterne.

RANDALii Adams.

The Case of Phelim McFeagh O'Byrne.

I FIND it necessary to qualify very slightly the statement I made
at p. 40, vol. i. respecting the documents in Trinity College library,
Dublin, relating to the O'Byrnes of Wicklow. I\[y reference to
them was incidental, and was made chiefly for the sake of con-
trasti)ig the ready acceptance those copies of depositions in favour
of riiclim MacFeagli had met with from some modern historians,
who contemptuously rejected all ofilcial copies of depositions made
by the plundered colonists in 1041. I had not made a very close
examination of the O'Byrne J\rSS., but writing of them from memory
I said that they were unsigned and unofticial. I judged them to be
mere copies by a private collector of historical MSS. of the lost ofli-
cial copies of lost originals. They are v\'ritten in a small, weak
hand, very unlike that of an official copyist. While the foregoing
p;iges were passhig through the press, ]\Ir. S. B. Gardiner wrote to
ask me if I was certain that the O'Byrne depositions were not duly
certified official copies with signatures and the words ' copia vera '
at foot of each. He added that such copies were always considered
in the Public Record Office to be only second in value to original
documents. I was quite aware of this, and had I found the O'Byrne
documents in the Public Record Office, I would have set more value
upon them, notwithstanding their very unoflicial appearance, and
the absence of signatures and the words ' co2na vera ' to many, if
not all of them. Determined, however, not to trust to my memory
of them, seeing that I had not examined them very closely as I had
examined the 1041-52 depositions, I wrote to the learned and

406 ADDENDA.

courteous librarian of Trinity College, Dr. Ingram, F.T.C.D., to ask
his opinion of them, and in a few days received the following
reply :—

' Dear Miss Hickson — I looked carefully into the depositions
in the O'Byrno case which are given in our volumes F. i). 15,
and F. 8. 17. There is nothing to show that they are certified
official copies. The words " copia vera " are at the foot of soine
of them, but there is no signature to attest their being true copies.
I think it probable that they are copies of certified official copies
as you suggest. The signatures (at the end of all) of Loftus, the
Archbishop of Armagh, etc., are not in the handwriting of those
persons, but in that of the person who wrote the documents to
which they are appended. In other words, these signatures also
are copies, most probably at second hand. " Copia vera " occurs
but twice, once in each volume, and perhaps is meant to apply to
all the entries about the case collectively. The signatures of Loftus,
the Archbishop, etc., occur only in one of the volumes.

' Yours truly,

' John K. Ingram.'

Thus while I may have misled my readers into thinking that all
the O'Byrne depositions were unsigned and without the words
' copia vera,' in the main my judgment of them was right. They
are mere copies of official copies, many of them unsigned, and the
words ' copia vera ' do not appear at the foot of each document.
They are not absolutely worthless, nor do I think of asserting that
they are forgeries, or even inaccurate copies of the lost official
copies, but they can by no means be classed with regular official
copies preserved in a State Paper Office, and to compare them in
value with the duly certified oflicial copies of the depositions of wit-
nesses in 1641-2, having the words ' Examined and entered," or ' copia
vera ' written at foot over the original signatures of well known
officials, much more to reject the latter because they are copies
and accept the second hand unofficial copies in the O'Byrno case,
is most inconsistent and absurd. It is an instance of that unreal
and fanciful way of dealing with the materials of Irish history to
which I have before referred. Moreover, if every one of these docu-
ments could be proved an original, or a certified official copy of an
original, with all of them before us we should still have only half
the case whereon to pronounce judgment, all the depositions, origi-
nals, and copies taken against Phelim O'Byrne having been lost or
destroyed.

AI)J)ENDA. 407

N.]>. In copying the depositions relating to the massacres for
print, I have followed the plan adopted hy the official copyist of
1G45-8, who made those duplicates present in the Harleian MSS.
and in the MS. volume which Warner prized so highly (v. vol. i. p.
126), that is to say, I have omitted all the superfluous words, repe-
titions, and the long inventories of stolen or destroyed goods and
chattels, over which Mr. Waring drew lines of abbreviation (v. anlc,
p. 199). I have carefully preserved the total money value of those
as it is inserted by the said copyist. A comparison of the facsimile
of John Dartnoll's deposition (v. vol. i. p. 129) with the printed
abbreviated copy of the same at page 141 of this volume will make
this explanation clearer and will show how mistaken Dr. Warner
and ]\Ir. Gilbert have been in supposing that the abbreviating lines
(called by them cancellmgs) can in the slightest degree invalidate
the original, or that the omission of the portions of it over which
those lines were drawn can invalidate any copy of it, printed or
written. As Dartnell's deposition is one of those in the Water-
ford book which ]\Ir. Gilbert says contains so many crossed-out
passages, I have selected it for reproduction by photography
and lithography. The former process being too expensive for
these volumes, I had a limited number of excellent photographs
(autotypes) taken from the original MS. in the Waterford book
by Mr. Chancellor, 55 Lower Sackville Street, Dublin. These
can now be seen in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, the
libraries of the Eoyal Dublin Society and Eoyal Irish Academy,
the British Museum Library, the London Library, and the Free
Library at Hastings, founded, I believe, by the munificence of Sir
Thomas Brassey. Although my researches chiefly lay in the MS.
departments of the flrst-mentioned libraries, I cannot refrain from
expressing my obligations to the London and Hastings libraries,
for the many valuable rare old books of reference I was able to
obtain from both. It is impossible to exaggerate the value of those
libraries to authors and readers, and the admirable way in which
they are managed by their generous and courteous patrons and
librarians. In copying all the foregoing seventeenth century docu-
ments I have modernised the spelling, because it seems to me that
the preservation of the old-fashioned contractions ' y« ' for ' the '
' w*''' ' for ' which ' and the doubling of the final consonants in such
words as ' faithful ' only puzzle and tire the majority of readers.
Those who want tlie old spelling literatim will go to the original MSS.

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